The prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies in children with primary and mix dentition from Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Schoolchildren in Kuwait

OBJECTIVE

Dental anomalies (DA) can affect paediatric patients' aesthetics, function, and psychological well-being. There is a lack of data about the prevalence of DA in children in Kuwait. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of DA amongst schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted using panoramic digital radiographs of children who attended a single dental center. All radiographs were evaluated by 2 calibrated and trained examiners.

RESULTS

DA were present in 110 (20.1%) out of the 546 panoramic radiographs examined: 53.6% in females and 46.4% in males. The mean age of children with DA (9.83 ± 1.29) was similar to that of children with no anomalies (9.96 ± 1.46). The most prevalent anomaly was dental agenesis (9.3%), followed by taurodontism (6.6%) and ectopic eruption (EE, 2%). DA were more common in the maxilla (58.2%) compared to the mandible (41.8%, P = .042). Congenitally missing teeth were significantly more frequent in the mandible (56.9%) than in the maxilla (43.1%, P = .003). EE was significantly more common in the maxilla (90.9%) than in the mandible (9.1%, P = .024). Microdontia and root dilacerations were only present in males, whilst supernumerary teeth, transposition, and impacted teeth were noted in females only.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of DA amongst schoolchildren in Kuwait was considered to be relatively high. Certain DA were associated with gender. The significant prevalence of DA highlights the need for early diagnosis using panoramic radiographs, particularly during the ages of 9 and 10, in order to ensure effective patient management.

Agenesis of the permanent teeth in sub-Saharan Africans: Prevalence, patterns, interpretations

OBJECTIVE

Dental agenesis data in modern and premodern sub-Saharan Africans are presented by region, West, Central, East, and South, and by sex. Beyond characterizing the anomaly, comparisons are made with other populations and future work is encouraged. The findings should be of use to dental clinicians and anthropologists.

METHODS

Agenesis of the UI2, LI1, UP2, LP2, UM3, and LM3 was recorded in 52 discrete samples of mainly skeletal dentitions (n = 2162) from across the subcontinent. After dividing into temporal categories, regional pooling was effected for adequate sample sizes across the vast geographic area. Only adults were included to record M3 status. Analyses included 95% confidence intervals and chi-square comparisons by region and sex.

RESULTS

Of 1668 modern individuals 2.3% have UI2-LP2 agenesis (CI 1.6-3.1%). Regional and sex differences are non-significant, though females are most affected. For M3s it is 7.0% (5.7-8.4%), with the Central region sample differing significantly from the East and South. Females again have greater prevalence, with the difference in the West significant. UI2-LP2 agenesis affects 0.6% of 494 premodern individuals (0.1-1.8%), while M3 agenesis is 8.5% (6.1-11.5%). None of these differences are significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Rates are toward the low end of global ranges, including 0.0-12.6% for UI2-LP2 from case reports, and 5.3-56.0% for M3 agenesis. With exceptions, generally insignificant inter-region differences imply that rates reasonably represent sub-Saharan peoples overall. Results will be of interest to anthropologists, but those related to risk factors, patterning, and prevalence may assist clinicians in tailoring treatment, while informing patients how this anomaly differs by population ancestry.

Is there an association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies? A case-control study

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies.

METHODS

Two pediatric dentists evaluated panoramic radiographs of 429 children aged 8-14 years with molar incisor hypomineralization (study group) and 437 children without molar incisor hypomineralization (control group) in terms of developmental dental anomalies. Twelve different developmental dental anomalies were categorized into four types: size (microdontia, macrodontia); position (ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars, infraocclusion of primary molars); shape (fusion, gemination, dilaceration, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors); and number (hypodontia, oligodontia, hyperdontia) anomalies.

RESULTS

No significant difference was observed in the frequencies of developmental dental anomalies between the study and control groups in total, females, and males (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of developmental size, position, shape, and number anomalies between the study and control groups (p = 0.024). The most common anomaly in both groups was hypodontia (6.3% and 5.9%, respectively). There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of subtypes of shape anomaly in all children and females (p = 0.045 and p = 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

While a significant difference was observed between the distributions of types of developmental dental anomalies between individuals with and without molar incisor hypomineralization, there was no difference in terms of the frequency of developmental dental anomalies.

Macrodontia and double teeth: a review and case series

Macrodontia is a dental anomaly pertaining to the increased size of a tooth or multiple teeth. Double teeth are dental abnormalities concerning tooth morphology and the term traditionally refers to geminated or fused teeth. These anomalies may manifest in both primary and permanent dentitions and usually become apparent in childhood. They may cause a variety of clinical sequelae, including orthodontic complications, such as crowding, ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth and periodontal concerns. Double teeth are also at a higher risk of developing caries. The aesthetic implications of these dental anomalies can affect the psychosocial development of a patient. This, together with the range of functional repercussions, can often need dental treatment to improve quality of life. The functional and aesthetic complexities that may arise in the affected patients can require endodontic, restorative, surgical and/or orthodontic input as part of the management strategy and execution. We present four clinical cases of paediatric patients where a range of management approaches were employed for both macrodontia and double teeth.

A Narrative Review on Current Diagnostic Imaging Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities in Children

The current review narrates the findings and discusses the available diagnostic tools for detecting structural abnormalities. The review discusses several diagnostic tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, multi detector row CT and positron emission tomography. The vital findings and comparative analysis of different diagnostic tools are presented in this review. The present review also discusses the advent of newer technologies, such as the HyperionX9 scanner with less field of view and 18F-FDG PET/CT (positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose, integrated with computed tomography), which can give more efficient imaging of dentomaxillofacial structures. The discussion of effective comparative points enables this review to reveal the available diagnostic tools that can be used in the detection of dentomaxillofacial abnormalities in the pediatric population. The advantages and disadvantages of each tool are discussed, and the findings of past publications are also presented. Overall, this review discusses the technical details and provides a comparative analysis of updated diagnostic techniques for dentomaxillofacial diagnosis.

Pattern and prevalence of dental anomalies among a paediatric population in Lagos, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Dental anomalies are craniofacial abnormalities in the size, structure or number of the teeth. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies among children aged 0-16 years attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design was used and data were obtained from the dental records of the Dental Clinic from January 2014 to August 2019 by two calibrated examiners, who are co-authors of the manuscript. To test for statistical differences, Chi-squared test was utilised for the categorical variables. The prevalence of the different dental anomalies was estimated and presented with frequencies. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

Among the 6175 patients' dental records reviewed, 50.85% (n = 3150) were male and the highest proportion of 45.4% (n = 2807) were aged between 6 and 10 years, with a mean age of 8.62 ± 3.85 years. A total of 1090 (17.52%) had dental anomalies; 465 (7.53) anomalies were in the maxilla, 263 (4.6) were in the mandible while 360 (5.83) were in both. The most common anomaly was hypoplasia 550 (9.06%), followed by retained primary tooth 546 (8.84%) and hypodontia 84 (1.36%). Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1 (0.02) and transposition 1 (0.02) were the least prevalent anomalies. Retained primary teeth (5.8%) and the cusp of Carabelli (0.4%) were slightly more prevalent among males. However, females had a higher prevalence of natal/neonatal teeth (0.4%), fusion/germination (0.4%), hypodontia (1.5%) and peg-shaped lateral incisors (0.9%).

CONCLUSION

Dental anomalies' prevalence in this study was 17.52%, with a higher occurrence of anomalies in the maxilla. Hypoplasia was the most prevalent anomaly, after which was retained primary tooth, then hypodontia. Prompt diagnosis and preventive interventions are crucial for the appropriate management of these dental anomalies.

A rare occurrence of nonsyndromic focal microdontia of primary teeth with hypodontia of permanent teeth in a pediatric patient

Dental anomalies in human dentition consist of a considerable variation in size, number, position, shape and structure of the tooth. Microdontia is defined as a condition in which teeth are abnormally smaller in size. Hypodontia is defined as developmental absence of 1–5 teeth excluding third molars. Simultaneous occurrence of multiple dental anomalies is most commonly seen in patients with some abnormality or syndrome; it can also occur in nonsyndromic patients. This case report describes about an unusual simultaneous occurrence of dental anomalies such as localized microdontia of primary teeth and hypodontia in a nonsyndromic 10-year-old male patient. Simultaneous occurrence of multiple dental anomalies in a nonsyndromic patient is rare. As the treatment of such cases involves multiple phases, identification and proper timely management is important to help the patient lead a better quality life.

Multivariate GWAS of Structural Dental Anomalies and Dental Caries in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort

Odontogenesis is a complex process, where disruption can result in dental anomalies and/or increase the risk of developing dental caries. Based on previous studies, certain dental anomalies tend to co-occur in patients, suggesting that these traits may share common genetic and etiological components. The main goal of this study was to implement a multivariate genome-wide association study approach to identify genetic variants shared between correlated structural dental anomalies and dental caries. Our cohort (N = 3,579) was derived from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Clefts Study, where multiple dental traits were assessed in both the unaffected relatives of orofacial cleft (OFC) cases (n = 2,187) and unaffected controls (n = 1,392). We identified four multivariate patterns of correlated traits in this data: tooth agenesis, impaction, and rotation (AIR); enamel hypoplasia, displacement, and rotation (HDR); displacement, rotation, and mamelon (DRM); and dental caries, tooth agenesis and enamel hypoplasia (CAH). We analyzed each of these four models using genome-wide multivariate tests of association. No genome-wide statistically significant results were found, but we identified multiple suggestive association signals (P < 10-5) near genes with known biological roles during tooth development, including ADAMTS9 and PRICKLE2 associated with AIR; GLIS3, WDR72, and ROR2 associated with HDR and DRM; ROBO2 associated with DRM; BMP7 associated with HDR; and ROBO1, SMAD2, and MSX2 associated with CAH. This is the first study to investigate genetic associations for multivariate patterns of correlated dental anomalies and dental caries. Further studies are needed to replicate these results in independent cohorts.

Prevalence and Distribution of Nonsyndromic Dental Anomalies in Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Study

Objectives

To report the prevalence and distribution of nonsyndromic dental anomalies in children in eastern Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This retrospective records review study involved radiographic examination of 6–18 years old pediatric patients who attended the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Four calibrated examiners recorded nonsyndromic dental anomalies from patients' digital orthopantomograms (OPG). The anomalies recorded were related to tooth number, shape, and location. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Fisher exact tests were used to report prevalence and differences by gender, nationality, and medical history at the 5% significance level.

Results

Of 2226 reviewed patients' records, 1897 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The study sample had equal distribution of males (52.6%) and females (47.4%) and comprised 81.2% Saudi children with a mean age of 8.8 ± 1.84 years. Most study subjects (97.8%) were in mixed dentition and 88.7% were healthy. The prevalence of dental anomalies was as follows: teeth rotations (24.5%), ectopically erupted teeth (6%), congenitally missing permanent teeth (5.4%), peg lateral (1.1%), supernumerary (0.5%), gemination (0.3%), and fusion (0.1%). No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of dental anomalies by patients' gender, medical history, and nationality (p value ≥0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed that teeth rotations were the most common dental anomalies followed by ectopic eruptions and congenitally missing teeth. The study findings may guide dental practitioners to better diagnose and manage children with dental anomalies in eastern Saudi Arabia.

Dental Anomalies in Consanguineous Marriage: A Clinical-Radiological Study

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate nonsyndromic developmental dental anomalies (DDAs) in individuals born from consanguineous and nonconsanguineous marriages and the possible effects of these marriages on self-reported systemic diseases.

Methods

The study comprised a total of 880 patients aged 16 years or older who applied to our clinic for various dental problems. Based on detailed anamnesis, the patients were divided into 2 groups: individuals born from consanguineous (study group, n = 445) and nonconsanguineous (control group, n = 435) marriages. The parents’ consanguinity type was also recorded, as well as the presence of any self-reported systemic diseases. The number, size, erupted, and morphological DDA types were investigated with both clinical and radiological examinations. All data from the 2 groups were recorded, and a statistical analysis was performed.

Results

There was a statistically significant relationship between the consanguineous marriage and the size (microdontia), and morphological (dilaceration and taurodontism) DDA types. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between consanguineous marriage and self-reported systemic disease but not between the parents’ consanguinity type and systemic disease.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that consanguineous marriage affects DDAs.

Association between developmental dental anomalies, early childhood caries and oral hygiene status of 3-5-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

To determine the association between developmental dental anomalies (DDA), early childhood caries (ECC) and oral hygiene status of 3-5-year-old children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data for 3-5-year-olds extracted from the dataset of a household survey collected to determine the association between ECC and maternal psychosocial wellbeing in children 0-5-year-old. The outcome variables for the study were ECC and poor oral hygiene. The explanatory variable was the presence of developmental dental anomalies (supernumerary, supplemental, mesiodens, hypodontia, macrodontia, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus, talons cusp, fusion/germination, hypoplasia, hypomineralized second molar, fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta). The prevalence of each anomaly was determined. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between presence of developmental dental anomalies, ECC and oral hygiene status. The model was adjusted for sex, age and socioeconomic status.

RESULTS

Of the 918 children examined, 75 (8.2%) had developmental dental anomalies, 43 (4.7%) had ECC, and 38 (4.1%) had poor oral hygiene. The most prevalent developmental dental anomalies was enamel hypoplasia (3.9%). Of the 43 children with ECC, 6 (14.0%) had enamel hypoplasia and 3 (7.6%) had hypomineralized second primary molar. There was a significant association between ECC and enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001) and a borderline association between ECC and hypomineralized second primary molars (p = 0.05). The proportion of children with poor oral hygiene (PR: 2.03; 95% CI: 0.91-4.56; p = 0.09) and ECC (PR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.92-4.46; p = 0.08) who had developmental dental anomalies was twice that of children with good oral hygiene and without ECC respectively, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

Enamel hypoplasia and hypomineralized second primary molars are developmental dental anomalies associated with ECC. developmental dental anomalies also increases the probability of having poor oral hygiene in the population studied.

Developmental dental anomalies assessed by panoramic radiographs in a Greek orthodontic population sample

PURPOSE

To assess developmental dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs in a Greek orthodontic population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The sample consisted of 1200 panoramic radiographs that have been taken as part of routine orthodontic treatment planning in children and adolescents. The following exclusion criteria were applied: systemic disorders such as syndromes or clefts, previous jaw surgery and poor quality of the radiograph. Dental anomalies were classified as anomalies of tooth shape, size, eruption-, position- or number anomalies or root alterations.

RESULTS

The age range of the subjects (536 males and 664 females) was 7-17 years with a mean age of 11.78 years. The prevalence of dental anomalies was assessed with a Chi-squared test. The intraobserver agreement was evaluated by calculating Cohen's [Formula: see text]. Among the 1200 digital panoramic radiographs examined, a total of 224 (18.67%) presented dental anomalies, 92 (7.67%) males and 132 (16.67%) females. Moreover, 203 patients (16.92%) had 1 dental anomaly, whereas 19 (1.58%) and 2 (0.17%) patients had 2 or more than 2 dental anomalies, respectively. Oligodontia was the most prevalent dental anomaly and was presented in 6.4% of the subjects, while supernumerary teeth were detected in 1% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant number of orthodontic patients had at least one DDA. The most common DDA in this sample was oligodontia followed by impaction and supernumerary teeth. Comparison to our data with other studies revealed variation in their prevalence suggesting genetic and environmental influences.

Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life.

METHODS

This study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60-4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04-2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26-3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted.

CONCLUSION

MIH and enamel hypoplasia had no significant impact on the overall oral health quality of life of children resident in southwestern Nigeria. However, children with caries and those from middle and low socioeconomic classes had poorer oral health quality of life.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients: A retrospective study

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the prevalence and gender distributions of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A retrospective review of the dental files of orthodontic patients was conducted to investigate the frequencies of dental anomalies. Pretreatment intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The occurrence rates of various dental anomalies (as determined by the numbers, shapes, structures, exfoliations, and eruptions of teeth) were calculated as percentages and differences in gender distribution using Chi² and Fisher tests.

RESULTS

Five hundred fifty-one patients receiving orthodontic treatment between 2003 and 2013 at a French hospital were included in the study: 45.74% of the patients (n=252) presented at least one dental anomaly. Taurodontism was the most common (15.06%), followed by ectopic eruption (11.43%). Odontoma, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, talon cusp, dentinogenesis imperfecta, regional odontodysplasia, premature tooth eruption, and premature exfoliation were not found. No statistically significant correlations were found between gender and the occurrence of dental anomalies.

CONCLUSION

French orthodontic patients exhibit a high rate of dental anomalies, indicating that dental anomalies should be carefully considered in the orodental management of French patients.

Prevalence of Premolars with Dens Evaginatus in a Taiwanese and Spanish Population and Related Complications of the Fracture of its Tubercle

Objective:

Dens evaginatus (DE) is an odontogenic developmental anomaly that can be defined as a supernumerary tubercle structure that extends from the occlusal surface of the affected tooth. Tubercular fracture or attrition of the tubercle, invaded by pulp tissue, may cause various pulpal diseases, such as pulpitis, pulp necrosis, and periapical periodontitis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of premolars with DE in Taiwanese and Spanish study populations and to report associated dental complications.

Methods:

This study was based on the clinical examination of volunteers of Spanish and Taiwanese origin, recruited among the undergraduate dentistry students at CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain. Informed consents were obtained from students identified with DE. Additional examinations were performed, including vitality test, percussion, palpation, and radiographs, to diagnosis the status of the pulp and periapical tissue.

Results:

The prevalence of DE among Taiwanese students was 4.08%, compared to 0% in the Spanish Caucasian group. In the Taiwanese group, the occurrence of DE in premolars was more common in the mandibular (78.9%) compared to the maxillar region (21.1%). In 84% of the cases, DE-affected teeth were found bilaterally. The mandibular second premolar was the most commonly involved tooth (57.8%). When investigating the complications related to DE among six affected Taiwanese students, it was found that two teeth (10.5%) had received pulp treatment, one of them prior to complete root formation.

Conclusion:

DE appears to be more prevalent in people of Mongoloid origin and rare in those of Caucasian origin. The wear or fracture of DE may affect pulpal tissue, leading to incomplete root growth.

Screening Children for Caries: An Ethical Dilemma in Nigeria

Dental caries is the main oral health challenge for children in Nigeria. Concern about its negative impact makes screening for caries in children an attractive public health strategy. The ability to detect the preclinical phase of caries, the availability of screening tools with high accuracy, and the possibility of treatment before onset of clinical symptoms with significant cost and health benefits, makes it appropriate for screening. However in Nigeria, the poor availability of highly specific and sensitive screening tools, poor access to oral health care and concerns with pre-screening consent, raise the question of the appropriateness of conducting screening programmes for children. We argue that a number of structural challenges associated with poor uptake of oral health care services need to be addressed before screening for caries can be considered ethically appropriate. These include facilitating access of children to quality oral health care and a systematic national approach to oral health implementation. Failure to address challenges associated with dental service utilization by children in Nigeria increases the risk of screening programmes promoting inequitable access to oral health care services.

Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study

Background

To analyze the prevalence and associations between dental anomalies detectable on panoramic radiographs in a sample of non-orthodontic growing subjects.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, digital panoramic radiographs of 5005 subjects were initially screened from a single radiographic center in Rome. Inclusion criteria were: subjects who were aged 8–12 years, Caucasian, and had good diagnostic quality radiographs. Syndromic subjects, those with craniofacial malformation, or orthodontic patients were excluded and this led to a sample of 4706 subjects [mean (SD) age = 9.6 (1.2) years, 2366 males and 2340 females]. Sample was subsequently divided into four subgroups (8, 9, 10, and 11–12 year-old groups). Two operators examined panoramic radiographs to observe the presence of common dental anomalies. The prevalence and associations between dental anomalies were also investigated.

Results

The overall prevalence of dental anomalies was 20.9%. Approximately, 17.9% showed only one anomaly, 2.7% two anomalies, while only 0.3% had more than two anomalies. The most frequent anomalies were the displacement of maxillary canine (7.5%), hypodontia (7.1%), impacted teeth (3.9%), tooth ankylosis (2.8%), and tooth transposition (1.4%). The lower right second premolar was the most frequent missing teeth; 3.7% had only one tooth agenesis, and 0.08% had six or more missing tooth (Oligodontia). Mesiodens was the most common type of supernumerary tooth (0.66%). Two subjects had taurodontic tooth (0.04%). Tooth transpositions and displacement of maxillary canine were seen in 1.4 and 7.5%, retrospectively (approximately 69 and 58% were in the 8 and 9 year-old groups, retrospectively). Significant associations were detected between the different dental anomalies (P < .05).

Conclusions

The results of our study revealed significant associations among different dental anomalies and provide further evidences to support common etiological factors.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: Clinical Outcomes

Immature teeth are at risk for pulp necrosis, resulting in arrested root development and poor long-term prognosis. There is growing evidence that regenerative endodontic procedures promote desirable clinical outcomes. Despite significant advances in the field of regenerative endodontics and acceptable clinical outcomes, current evidence suggests that the tissues formed following currently used procedures do not completely recapitulate the former pulp-dentin complex. Further research is needed to identify prognostic factors and predictors of successful outcomes and to develop different treatment strategies to better predictably achieve all identified clinical outcomes, while favoring tissue formation that more closely resembles the pulp-dentin complex.

Prevalence and distribution of selected dental anomalies among saudi children in Abha, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND

Dental anomalies are not an unusual finding in routine dental examination. The effect of dental anomalies can lead to functional, esthetic and occlusal problems. The Purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of selected developmental dental anomalies in Saudi children.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was based on clinical examination and Panoramic radiographs of children who visited the Pediatric dentistry clinics at King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia. These patients were examined for dental anomalies in size, shape, number, structure and position. Data collected were entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version.

RESULTS

Of the 1252 children (638 Boys, 614 girls) examined, 318 subjects (25.39%) presented with selected dental anomalies. The distribution by gender was 175 boys (27.42%) and 143 girls (23.28%). On intergroup comparison, number anomalies was the most common anomaly with Hypodontia (9.7%) being the most common anomaly in Saudi children, followed by hyperdontia (3.5%). The Prevalence of size anomalies were Microdontia (2.6%) and Macrodontia (1.8%). The prevalence of Shape anomalies were Talon cusp (1.4%), Taurodontism (1.4%), Fusion (0.8%).The prevalence of Positional anomalies were Ectopic eruption (2.3%) and Rotation (0.4%). The prevalence of structural anomalies were Amelogenesis imperfecta (0.3%) Dentinogenesis imperfecta (0.1%).

CONCLUSIONS

A significant number of children had dental anomaly with Hypodontia being the most common anomaly and Dentinogenesis imperfecta being the rare anomaly in the study. Early detection and management of these anomalies can avoid potential orthodontic and esthetic problems in a child. Key words:Dental anomalies, children, Saudi Arabia.

Prevalence of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies and association with caries and oral hygiene status of children in Southwestern, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Developmental dental hard tissue anomalies are often associated with oral health problems. This study determined the clinical prevalence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies in the permanent dentition of children resident in southwestern Nigeria and its association with dental caries and poor oral hygiene status.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study recruiting 1565 school children, 12 to 15 year old attending schools in Ibadan, Oyo State and Ile-Ife, Osun State. All eligible study participants had oral examinations conducted to determine presence of developmental hard dental tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status. The prevalence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies was determined. Logistic Poisson regression was used to determine the association of between developmental dental hard tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status.

RESULTS

Only 65 (4.2 %) children had clinically diagnosed developmental dental hard tissue anomalies. The most prevalent anomaly was enamel hypoplasia (2.2 %). More females (p = 0.003) and more children with middle socioeconomic class (p = 0.001) had enamel hypoplasia. The probability of having poor oral hygiene was significantly increased for children with developmental dental anomalies (APR: 0.07; 95 % CI: 0.03 - 0.12; p = 0.002). The probability of having caries was insignificantly increased for children with developmental dental hard tissue anomalies (APR: 0.005; 95 % CI: -0.03 - 0.04; p = 0.08).

CONCLUSION

The most prevalence clinically detectable developmental dental hard tissue anomalies for the study population was enamel hypoplasia. The presence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene but not caries. Further studies are required to understand if poor oral hygiene is associated with dental caries in children with developmental dental hard tissue anomalies.

The prevalence and pattern of deciduous molar hypomineralization and molar-incisor hypomineralization in children from a suburban population in Nigeria

Background

Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of MIH and DMH in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with sex and socioeconomic status of the children.

Methods

Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 563 children aged 3 to 5 years and 8 to 10 years using a structured questionnaire through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess for the presence of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH and MIH were determined. Tests of association between sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of both DMH and MIH were conducted using Pearson’s Chi-squared test Fisher’s exact test.

Result

Fifteen (4.6 %) of the 327 children aged 3 to 5 years and 23 (9.7 %) of the 237 children aged 8 to 10 years had DMH and MIH respectively. There were no significant association between DMH, sex (p = 0.49) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.32). There were also no significant association between MIH, sex (p = 0.31) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.41). MIH/DMH co-morbidity was observed in eight (34.8 %) of the 23 children with MIH. The mandible and maxilla were affected equally. Antimere was not observed.

Conclusion

The prevalence of DMH and the prevalence of MIH in the study population were high. DMH and MIH were not associated with sex and socioeconomic status. There was no specific pattern identified in the presentation of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH/MIH co-morbidity is also high. Patients with DMH should be screened for MIH.