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Younes A, Li M, Karboune S. Cocoa bean shells: a review into the chemical profile, the bioactivity and the biotransformation to enhance their potential applications in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9111-9135. [PMID: 35467453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2065659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During processing, cocoa bean shells (CBS) are de-hulled from the bean and discarded as waste. Undermined by its chemical and bioactive composition, CBS is abundant in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds that may serve the valorization purpose of this by-product material into prebiotic and functional ingredients. In addition, the cell-wall components of CBS can be combined through enzymatic feruloylation to obtain feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides (FOs), further enhancing the techno-functional properties. FOs have attracted scientific attention due to their prebiotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions inherent to their structural features. This review covers the chemical and bioactive compositions of CBS as well as their modifications upon cocoa processing. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches to extract and bio-transform bioactive components from the cell wall matrix of CBS were also discussed. Although nonspecific to CBS, studies were compiled to investigate efforts done to extract and produce feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides from the cell wall materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Younes
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mingqin Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Clemen-Pascual LM, Macahig RAS, Rojas NRL. Comparative toxicity, phytochemistry, and use of 53 Philippine medicinal plants. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:22-35. [PMID: 34976744 PMCID: PMC8685920 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study compares the toxicity of 53 selected medicinal plants commonly used in the Philippines to treat various diseases. It uses as a benchmark Vitex negundo L., which was approved by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration as an herbal drug for cough and asthma after passing clinical trials for safety and efficacy. The methods were chosen for their simplicity and accessibility even for resource-limited laboratories. Extracts (95 % ethanol) of the medicinal parts of the plants were (1) chemically profiled using qualitative phytochemical tests that detect the presence of key classes of bioactive compounds; and (2) evaluated for toxicity using the brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) lethality assay (BSLA). General phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins in 50 plant extracts, alkaloids in 43, glycosides in 33, flavonoids in 31, steroids in 21, triterpenoids in 20, anthraquinones in 10, and saponins in 8. Extracts from eight plants had LC50 values lower than the potassium dichromate control (approximately 12 μg/mL) and were considered highly toxic; extracts from 21 plants had LC50 values between 12 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL and were considered moderately toxic; extracts from 19 plant extracts, including Vitex negundo and some common vegetables, had LC50 values between 100 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, and were considered mildly toxic and likely to have reasonable safety margins; five plant extracts, including common vegetables, had LC50 values above 500 μg/mL and were considered essentially nontoxic. No apparent correlation could be found between toxicity and chemical diversity or a specific class of phytochemicals present. Our findings may serve as a guide for herbal drug and nutraceutical development, especially in prioritizing plants for more detailed safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Clemen-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines.,Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, North Cotabato, 9407, Philippines
| | - Rene Angelo S Macahig
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Nina Rosario L Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
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Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) Seed-Derived Peptides Reduce Blood Pressure by Interacting with the Catalytic Site of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102340. [PMID: 34681387 PMCID: PMC8534856 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of cocoa proteins (CP) on the blood pressure, using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in silico assay showed 26 Criollo cocoa peptides with alignment in the Blast® analysis. Peptide sequences ranged from 6 to 16 amino acids, with molecular weight ranging from 560.31 to 1548.76 Da. The peptide sequences LSPGGAAV, TSVSGAGGPGAGR, and TLGNPAAAGPF showed the highest theoretical affinity with −8.6, −5.0, and −10.2 kcal/mol, for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), respectively. The Criollo CP hydrolysates (CPH) presented in vitro ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.49 mg/mL. Furthermore, the orogastric administration of 150 mg CP/kg/day in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet (HF + CP group) showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 5% (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 7% (p < 0.001) compared with the HF group. The human equivalent dose (HED) of CP for an adult (60 kg) is 1.45 g per day. These results suggest that the consumption of CP could reduce blood pressure by blocking ACE, and could be used as an ingredient in the elaboration of antihypertensive functional foods.
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Vargas-Castro KC, Puebla Pérez AM, Rangel-Salas II, Delgado-Saucedo JI, Pelayo-Vázquez JB, Becerra-Martínez E, Peregrina-Lucano AA, Quiñonez-Lopez RR, Soltero-Reynoso GJ, Cortes-Llamas SA. Antitumor Effect of Zwitterions of Imidazolium Derived from L-methionine in BALB/c Mice with Lymphoma L5178Y. Med Chem 2021; 17:33-39. [PMID: 31808388 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666191206093754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the therapy of cancer, several treatments have been designed using nanomaterials, among which gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been featured as a promising antitumoral agent. Our research group has developed the synthesis of gold nanoparticles L-AuNPs and D-AuNPs stabilized with zwitterions of imidazolium (L-1 and D-1) derived from L-methionine and D-methionine. Because the stabilizer agent is chiral, we observed through circular dichroism that AuNPs also present chirality; such chirality as well as the fact that the stabilizing agent contains fragments of methionine and imidazolium that are commonly involved in biological processes, opens up the possibility that this system may have biological compatibility. Additionally, the presence of methionine in the stabilizing agent opens the application of this system as a possible antitumor agent because methionine is involved in methylation processes of molecules such as DNA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is the evaluation of the antitumor activity of gold nanoparticles stabilized with zwitterions of imidazolium (L-AuNPs) derived from L-methionine in the model of BALB/c mice with lymphoma L5178Y. METHODS Taking as a parameter cell density, the evaluation of the inhibitory effect of L-AuNPs was carried out with a series of in vivo tests in BALB/c type mice; three groups of five mice each were formed (Groups 1, 2 and 3); all mice were i.p. inoculated with the lymphoblast murine L5178Y. Group 1 consisted of mice without treatment. In the Groups 2 and 3 the mice were treated with L-AuNPs at 0.3 mg/Kg on days 1, 7 and 14 by orally and intraperitonally respectively. RESULTS These results show low antitumor activity of these gold nanoparticles (L-NPsAu) but interestingly, the imidazolium stabilizing agent of gold nanoparticle (L-1) displayed promising antitumor activity. On the other hand, the enantiomer of L-1, (D-1) as well as asymmetric imidazole derivate from L-methionine (L-2), do not exhibit the same activity as L-1. CONCLUSION The imidazolium stabilizing agent (L-1) displayed promising antitumor activity. Modifications in the structure of L-1 showed that, the stereochemistry (like D-1) and the presence of methionine fragments (like L-2) are determinants in the antitumor activity of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Vargas-Castro
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana M Puebla Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irma I Rangel-Salas
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge I Delgado-Saucedo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José B Pelayo-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Aplicadas e Ingenierías Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, Ejido San José Tatepozco C.P. 45425, Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elvia Becerra-Martínez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Zacatenco C. P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Peregrina-Lucano
- Departamento de Farmacobiología; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raul R Quiñonez-Lopez
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela J Soltero-Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sara A Cortes-Llamas
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, esq. Olímpica, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Coronado-Cáceres LJ, Rabadán-Chávez G, Mojica L, Hernández-Ledesma B, Quevedo-Corona L, Lugo Cervantes E. Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins' Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foods 2020; 9:E1359. [PMID: 32992701 PMCID: PMC7599879 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory effect of cocoa protein (CP) hydrolysates (CPH) using in silico and in vitro approaches, and an in vivo high-fat diet (HF) obese rat model. The results showed better theoretical affinity on PL for cocoa peptides EEQR, GGER, QTGVQ, and VSTDVNIE released from vicilin and albumins (-6.5, -6.3, -6.2, and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) prediction showed the human intestinal absorption (HIA) capacity of orlistat and eight cocoa peptides, demonstrating that they presented a low probability of toxicity with values lower than 0.6, while the orlistat has a high probability of hepatotoxicity with a mean value of 0.9. CPH (degree of hydrolysis of 55%) inhibited PL with an IC50 (concentration needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity) value of 1.38 mg/mL. The intragastric administration of 150 mg CP/kg/day to rats increased total lipids and triglycerides excretion in feces, ranging from 11% to 15% compared to the HF-diet. The HF + CP-diet also significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent rate of fat absorption compared with the HF group. These results suggest that CP has anti-obesity potential by inhibiting PL, thus helping to prevent the development of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jorge Coronado-Cáceres
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara CP 44270, Mexico; (L.J.C.-C.); (G.R.-C.); (L.M.)
| | - Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara CP 44270, Mexico; (L.J.C.-C.); (G.R.-C.); (L.M.)
| | - Luis Mojica
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara CP 44270, Mexico; (L.J.C.-C.); (G.R.-C.); (L.M.)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Quevedo-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq. Manuel I. Stampa. Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Eugenia Lugo Cervantes
- Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara CP 44270, Mexico; (L.J.C.-C.); (G.R.-C.); (L.M.)
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Khurshid Y, Syed B, Simjee SU, Beg O, Ahmed A. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of proteins from black seeds (Nigella sativa) on human breast MCF-7 cancer cell line. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32020890 PMCID: PMC7076859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nigella sativa (NS), a member of family Ranunculaceae is commonly known as black seed or kalonji. It has been well studied for its therapeutic role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Literature is full of bioactive compounds from NS seed. However, fewer studies have been reported on the pharmacological activity of proteins. The current study was designed to evaluate the anticancer property of NS seed proteins on the MCF-7 cell line. Methods NS seed extract was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and proteins were precipitated using 80% ammonium sulfate. The crude seed proteins were partially purified using gel filtration chromatography, and peaks were resolved by SDS-PAGE. MTT assay was used to screen the crude proteins and peaks for their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cell line. Active Peaks (P1 and P4) were further studied for their role in modulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis by real-time reverse transcription PCR. For protein identification, proteins were digested, separated, and analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Data analysis was performed using online Mascot, ExPASy ProtParam, and UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) gene ontology (GO) bioinformatics tools. Results Gel filtration chromatography separated seed proteins into seven peaks, and SDS-PAGE profile revealed the presence of multiple protein bands. Among all test samples, P1 and P4 depicted potent dose-dependent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells exhibiting IC50 values of 14.25 ± 0.84 and 8.05 ± 0.22 μg/ml, respectively. Gene expression analysis demonstrated apoptosis as a possible cell killing mechanism. A total of 11 and 24 proteins were identified in P1 and P4, respectively. The majority of the proteins identified are located in the cytosol, associate with biological metabolic processes, and their molecular functions are binding and catalysis. Hydropathicity values were mostly in the hydrophilic range. Conclusion Our findings suggest NS seed proteins as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer. To our knowledge, it is the first study to report the anticancer property of NS seed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamna Khurshid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Basir Syed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Beg
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Cheng Q. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), a dominant spice and traditional medicinal herb for both food and medicinal purposes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1673688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Qi Institute, Building C4, No.555 Chuangye Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Qi Institute, Building C4, No.555 Chuangye Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Qi Institute, Building C4, No.555 Chuangye Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
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Vásquez ZS, de Carvalho Neto DP, Pereira GVM, Vandenberghe LPS, de Oliveira PZ, Tiburcio PB, Rogez HLG, Góes Neto A, Soccol CR. Biotechnological approaches for cocoa waste management: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 90:72-83. [PMID: 31088675 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa beans provide raw materials for global food industries valued in excess of $47 billion in world exportations. Through on-farm processing, about 80% of cocoa fruit is discarded as residual biomass, including cocoa pod husks, cocoa bean shells and cocoa sweatings. Farmers routinely discard these residues/by-products during the initial cocoa bean processing steps, occupying vast areas and raising social and environmental concerns. Alternatively, this residual biomass is used as cocoa tree fertilizer. However, its disposal is performed without proper treatment, resulting in putrid odors and plant diseases. Recently, some studies have reported the use of cocoa by-products in the production of high-value-adding molecules with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this aspect, biotechnological approaches have been shown to be a viable alternative for the transformation of this residual biomass into fine products. This article reviews the biotechnological approaches implemented for the management and exploitation of cocoa by-product. Related topics on cocoa production and residual biomass generation, sustainability and valorization of cocoa chain are addressed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulma S Vásquez
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dão P de Carvalho Neto
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gilberto V M Pereira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Z de Oliveira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Patrick B Tiburcio
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hervé L G Rogez
- Centre for Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Federal University of Pará, 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes Neto
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Cocoa Bean Proteins-Characterization, Changes and Modifications due to Ripening and Post-Harvest Processing. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020428. [PMID: 30791360 PMCID: PMC6413064 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein fractions of cocoa have been implicated influencing both the bioactive potential and sensory properties of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective of the present review is to show the impact of different stages of cultivation and processing with regard to the changes induced in the protein fractions. Special focus has been laid on the major seed storage proteins throughout the different stages of processing. The study starts with classical introduction of the extraction and the characterization methods used, while addressing classification approaches of cocoa proteins evolved during the timeline. The changes in protein composition during ripening and maturation of cocoa seeds, together with the possible modifications during the post-harvest processing (fermentation, drying, and roasting), have been documented. Finally, the bioactive potential arising directly or indirectly from cocoa proteins has been elucidated. The “state of the art” suggests that exploration of other potentially bioactive components in cocoa needs to be undertaken, while considering the complexity of reaction products occurring during the roasting phase of the post-harvest processing. Finally, the utilization of partially processed cocoa beans (e.g., fermented, conciliatory thermal treatment) can be recommended, providing a large reservoir of bioactive potentials arising from the protein components that could be instrumented in functionalizing foods.
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Frenkel M, Sapire K. Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Hematologic Malignancies: Questions and Challenges. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:79. [PMID: 29032389 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies represent 9.7% of all cancers, making them the fourth most common type of cancer in the United States. The aggressive and complex treatments administered in hematologic malignancies result in a high burden of psychological needs. Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) is becoming one of the options that patients use to address their distress during and after cancer treatments. It is not clear whether appropriate CIM can relieve distress in patients affected by these malignancies. This review covers the potential benefits of CIM as relates to nutrition, nutritional supplements, exercise, circadian rhythm, methods for reducing distress during bone marrow aspiration, massage therapy, and acupuncture, in treating patients with hematological malignancies. This review may provide a framework to enhance patient-doctor dialogue regarding CIM use in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Frenkel
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Integrative Medicine Program, Institute of Oncology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel. .,, Hashoftim 1 B, 30900, Zichron Yaacov, Israel.
| | - Kenneth Sapire
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Arise AK, Alashi AM, Nwachukwu ID, Malomo SA, Aluko RE, Amonsou EO. Inhibitory properties of bambara groundnut protein hydrolysate and peptide fractions against angiotensin-converting enzymes, renin and free radicals. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2834-2841. [PMID: 27786357 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased rate of high blood pressure has led to critical human hypertensive conditions in most nations. In the present study, bambara protein hydrolysates (BPHs) obtained using three different proteases (alcalase, trypsin and pepsin) and their peptide fractions (molecular weight: 10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa) were investigated for antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. RESULTS Alcalase hydrolysate contained the highest amount of low molecular weight (LMW) peptides compared to pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates. LMW peptides fractions (<1 kDa) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) for all the enzymes hydrolysates. For renin inhibition, alcalase hydrolysate showed the highest inhibition at 59% compared to other hydrolysates and their corresponding membrane fractions. The antioxidant power of bambara protein hydrolysates and peptide fractions was evaluated through the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and ABTS scavenging activity. Among the hydrolysates, alcalase exhibited the highest inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. Furthermore, all BPHs were able to scavenge ABTS•+ to a three-fold greater extent compared to the isolate. CONCLUSION BPH and LMW peptide fractions could potentially serve as useful ingredients in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals against high blood pressure and oxidative stress. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola K Arise
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Adeola M Alashi
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Ifeanyi D Nwachukwu
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Sunday A Malomo
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Eric O Amonsou
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Tovar-Pérez EG, Guerrero-Becerra L, Lugo-Cervantes E. Antioxidant activity of hydrolysates and peptide fractions of glutelin from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seed. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1297963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik G. Tovar-Pérez
- CONACYT – Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tepic, México
| | - Lucia Guerrero-Becerra
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Zapopan, México
| | - Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C., Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Zapopan, México
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13
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Fu Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Li C, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhou P, Lu C, Li C. Calcium release induced by 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and its copper complex contributes to tumor cell death. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1662-1670. [PMID: 28112358 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones display significant antitumor activity and their copper complexes also exhibit enhanced biological activities in most situations, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, investigation of the mechanism involved in the change upon chelation is required to extend our understanding of the effects of thiosemicarbazones. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (PCT) and its copper complex (PCT-Cu) on cell proliferation was investigated. The copper chelate exhibited a 3- to 10-fold increase in antitumor activity (with an IC50 <5 µM). The results showed that both PCT and PCT-Cu induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vitro and in vivo, caused cellular DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and cell cycle arrest. Western blotting showed that both PCT and PCT-Cu induced apoptosis. Upregulation of GRP78 in HepG2 cells following treatment with the agents indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurred. Furthermore calcium release was revealed in this study, suggesting that PCT and PCT-Cu disturbed calcium homeostasis. It was noted that PCT-Cu sensitized thapsigargin‑stimulated calcium release from the ER, which was correlated with the ROS level they induced, implying that the antitumor activity of PCT and PCT-Cu partly stemmed from calcium mobilization, a situation that was reported in few studies. Our findings may significantly contribute to the understanding of the anti‑proliferative effect of the derivatives of thiosemicarbazones along with their antitumor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Youxun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Sufeng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Pingxin Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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14
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Rizzello CG, Tagliazucchi D, Babini E, Sefora Rutella G, Taneyo Saa DL, Gianotti A. Bioactive peptides from vegetable food matrices: Research trends and novel biotechnologies for synthesis and recovery. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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15
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Classification of cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.) of southern Mexico based on chemometric analysis with multivariate approach. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Alashi AM, Blanchard CL, Mailer RJ, Agboola SO, Mawson AJ, He R, Girgih A, Aluko RE. Antioxidant properties of Australian canola meal protein hydrolysates. Food Chem 2014; 146:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Hong MY, Nulton E, Shelechi M, Hernández LM, Nemoseck T. Effects of Dark Chocolate on Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:677-85. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.789542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Martorell P, Bataller E, Llopis S, Gonzalez N, Álvarez B, Montón F, Ortiz P, Ramón D, Genovés S. A cocoa peptide protects Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress and β-amyloid peptide toxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63283. [PMID: 23675471 PMCID: PMC3652819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocoa and cocoa-based products contain different compounds with beneficial properties for human health. Polyphenols are the most frequently studied, and display antioxidant properties. Moreover, protein content is a very interesting source of antioxidant bioactive peptides, which can be used therapeutically for the prevention of age-related diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings A bioactive peptide, 13L (DNYDNSAGKWWVT), was obtained from a hydrolyzed cocoa by-product by chromatography. The in vitro inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) was used as screening method to select the suitable fraction for peptide identification. Functional analysis of 13L peptide was achieved using the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL4176 expressing the human Aβ1–42 peptide as a pre-clinical in vivo model for Alzheimer's disease. Among the peptides isolated, peptide 13L (1 µg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity (P≤0.001) in the wild-type strain (N2). Furthermore, 13L produced a significant delay in body paralysis in strain CL4176, especially in the 24–47 h period after Aβ1–42 peptide induction (P≤0.0001). This observation is in accordance with the reduction of Aβ deposits in CL4176 by western blot. Finally, transcriptomic analysis in wild-type nematodes treated with 13L revealed modulation of the proteosomal and synaptic functions as the main metabolic targets of the peptide. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the cocoa 13L peptide has antioxidant activity and may reduce Aβ deposition in a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease; and therefore has a putative therapeutic potential for prevention of age-related diseases. Further studies in murine models and humans will be essential to analyze the effectiveness of the 13L peptide in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martorell
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Bataller
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Núria Gonzalez
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Montón
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pepa Ortiz
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Vegetable foods: A cheap source of proteins and peptides with antihypertensive, antioxidant, and other less occurrence bioactivities. Talanta 2013; 106:328-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Huang PH, Fu LC, Huang CS, Wang YT, Wu MC. The uptake of oligogalacturonide and its effect on growth inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase activity and galactin-3 release of human cancer cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Mandal SM, Migliolo L, Das S, Mandal M, Franco OL, Hazra TK. Identification and characterization of a bactericidal and proapoptotic peptide from cycas revoluta seeds with DNA binding properties. J Cell Biochem 2011; 113:184-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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