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Montoya-Hurtado O, Gómez-Jaramillo N, Bermúdez-Jaimes G, Correa-Ortiz L, Cañón S, Juárez-Vela R, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Criado-Pérez L, Pérez J, Sancho-Sánchez MC, Criado-Gutiérrez J. Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) Questionnaire in Colombian University Students. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082937. [PMID: 37109273 PMCID: PMC10145849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The university student population is influenced by multiple factors that affect body awareness. Identifying the body awareness status of students is crucial in creating self-care and emotion management programs to prevent diseases and promote health. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire evaluates interoceptive body awareness in eight dimensions through 32 questions. It is one of the few tools that enable a comprehensive assessment of interoceptive body awareness by involving eight dimensions of analysis. METHOD The objective of this study is to present the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) to observe to what extent the hypothesized model fits the population of university students in Colombia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 202 students who met the inclusion criterion of being undergraduate university students. Data were collected in May 2022. RESULTS A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic variables of age, gender, city, marital status, discipline, and history of chronic diseases was performed. JASP 0.16.4.0 statistical software was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed based on the proposed eight-factor model of the original MAIA, giving a significant p-value and 95% confidence interval. However, when performing loading factor analysis, a low p-value was found for item 6 of the Not Distracting factor, and for the entire Not Worrying factor. DISCUSSION A seven-factor model with modifications is proposed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed the validity and reliability of the MAIA in the Colombian university student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Montoya-Hurtado
- Research Department, Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación, Health and Sports Sciences, Bogota 110121, Colombia
- Postgraduate Unit, Program in Health, Disability, Dependency, and Well-Being, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicolás Gómez-Jaramillo
- Research Department, Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación, Health and Sports Sciences, Bogota 110121, Colombia
| | - Gloria Bermúdez-Jaimes
- Research Department, Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación, Health and Sports Sciences, Bogota 110121, Colombia
| | - Luis Correa-Ortiz
- Research Department, Universidad de Manizales, Engineering and Medicine, Manizales 170003, Colombia
| | - Sandra Cañón
- Research Department, Universidad de Manizales, Engineering and Medicine, Manizales 170003, Colombia
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Department of Nursing, GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- Department of Nursing, GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Criado-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - María Consuelo Sancho-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Criado-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Teng B, Wang D, Su C, Zhou H, Wang T, Mehling WE, Hu Y. The multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness, version 2: Translation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:970982. [PMID: 36440402 PMCID: PMC9691670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.970982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is a self-report questionnaire developed by Dr. Mehling that has been widely used to assess multiple dimensions of interoceptive awareness. To further improve the MAIA, Mehling developed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 (MAIA-2). The goal of this study is to systematically translate the MAIA-2 into Chinese and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version (MAIA-2C). MATERIALS AND METHODS The translation and adaptation of the questionnaire was conducted according to Beaton's method. A total number of 627 participants were enrolled and completed the survey. The entire sample was randomly divided into a training sample (n = 300, 47.8%) and a validation sample (n = 327, 52.2%) for a cross-validation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the factor structure of the MAIA-2C in the training sample while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure obtained by EFA. The reliability of the MAIA-2C was indicated by Cronbach's alpha. The convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by Pearson intercorrelations between the MAIA-2C and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait anxiety (STAI-T). RESULTS The EFA results showed an initial 10-factor model, but some items (1, 2, 3, 4, 15, and 16) were deleted because they did not yield the original subscale construct, eventually resulting in a 7-factor model. The CFA results represented a good model fit (χ2/df = 2.170, RMSEA = 0.060, SRMR = 0.0810, CFI = 0.890). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.822 for the total scale and ranged from 0.656 to 0.838 for the subscales. The results of convergent and discriminant validity showed that most MAIA-2C subscales were correlated with the average score and subscales of FFMQ (r = -0.342∼0.535, p < 0.05), and all of the subscales of the MAIA-2C showed negative correlations with the STAI-T total score (r = -0.352∼-0.080, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The MAIA-2C is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating multiple dimensions of interoceptive awareness in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Teng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wolf E Mehling
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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