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Zeng J, Cao J, Yang H, Wang X, Liu T, Chen Z, Shi F, Xu Z, Lin X. Overview of mechanism of electroacupuncture pretreatment for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14920. [PMID: 39361504 PMCID: PMC11448663 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is a serious threat to huma strategy to prevent the occurrence and development of disease by giving electroacupuncture intervention before the disease occurs. EAP has been shown in many preclinical studies to relieve ischemic symptoms and improve damage from ischemia-reperfusion, with no comprehensive review of its mechanisms in cardiovascular disease yet. In this paper, we first systematically discussed the meridian and acupoint selection law of EAP for CCVD and focused on the progress of the mechanism of action of EAP for the prevention and treatment of CCVD. As a result, in preclinical studies, AMI and MCAO models are commonly used to simulate ischemic injury in CCVD, while MIRI and CI/RI models are used to simulate reperfusion injury caused by blood flow recovery after focal tissue ischemia. According to the meridian matching rules of EAP for CCVD, PC6 in the pericardial meridian is the most commonly used acupoint in cardiovascular diseases, while GV20 in the Du meridian is the most commonly used acupoint in cerebrovascular diseases. In terms of intervention parameters, EAP intervention generally lasts for 30 min, with acupuncture depths mostly between 1.5 and 5 mm, stimulation intensities mostly at 1 mA, and commonly used frequencies being low frequencies. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the key pathways of EAP in preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are partially similar. EAP can play a protective role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by promoting autophagy, regulating Ca2+ overload, and promoting vascular regeneration through anti-inflammatory reactions, antioxidant stress, and anti-apoptosis. Of course, both pathways involved have their corresponding specificities. When using EAP to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, it involves the metabolic pathway of glutamate, while when using EAP to prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases, it involves the homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier and the release of neurotransmitters and nutritional factors. I hope these data can provide experimental basis and reference for the clinical promotion and application of EAP in CCVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zeng
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiaojiao Cao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Haitao Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Tingting Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Fangyuan Shi
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, School of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, School of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
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Guan C, Feng Y, Cao L, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liu L, Xie H, Yu K, Shen X, Wu Y, Wang N. Acupuncture for stroke: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2000 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33827. [PMID: 39050433 PMCID: PMC11268209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the global and future research trends in acupuncture interventions for stroke between 2000 and 2022 using bibliometric analysis. Method A bibliometric analysis of literature from 2000 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted in this study. The analysis utilized CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software to identify the major contributors to publications, including authors, countries, institutions, journals, references, and keywords. Results The bibliometric analysis yielded a total of 860 publications. There was a gradual increase in the number of publications over the study period. China published the most articles. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the journal with the greatest number of publications. The most frequently used keywords were "acupuncture," "stroke," and "electroacupuncture." Conclusion These analysis uncovers the research trends in acupuncture for stroke spanning 2000 to 2022 and points to prospective research frontiers. This study provides a deeper and more thorough understanding of the connotations of acupuncture for stroke and guidance and support for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Guan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yashuo Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Cao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xueyan Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Lee JH, Choi BT, Shin HK. Effect of Combination Electroacupuncture and Tenuigenin on the Migration and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Ischemic Stroke. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:357-365. [PMID: 38162470 PMCID: PMC10739475 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Since stroke is a serious health issue, novel therapeutic strategies are required. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, this study analyzed the potential of electroacupuncture (EA) and tenuigenin (TE) to improve the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) transplantation. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion was used to generate ischemic stroke. Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups control, MCAO-operated, MCAO-EA, MCAO-TE, or MCAO + EA + TE. Subsequently, hMSCs were transplanted into the ischemic region and EA, TE, or the combination was administered. Behavior assessments and immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate motor and cognitive recovery and hMSCs survival, migration, and differentiation. Results The combined treatment of EA and TE exhibited enhanced hMSCs survival, migration and differentiation into neural cell lineages while suppressing astrocyte formation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased neurogenesis through hMSCs transplantation in the ischemic brain. Immediate behavioral improvements were not significantly different between groups, but there was a gradual recovery in motor and cognitive function over time. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of EA and TE co-treatment as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, opening avenues for further research to optimize treatment protocols and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Burda R, Burda J, Morochovič R. Ischemic Tolerance—A Way to Reduce the Extent of Ischemia–Reperfusion Damage. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060884. [PMID: 36980225 PMCID: PMC10047660 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual tissues have significantly different resistance to ischemia–reperfusion damage. There is still no adequate treatment for the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. By utilizing ischemic tolerance, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the extent of the cell damage due to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Since ischemia–reperfusion damage usually occurs unexpectedly, the use of preconditioning is extremely limited. In contrast, postconditioning has wider possibilities for use in practice. In both cases, the activation of ischemic tolerance can also be achieved by the application of sublethal stress on a remote organ. Despite very encouraging and successful results in animal experiments, the clinical results have been disappointing so far. To avoid the factors that prevent the activation of ischemic tolerance, the solution has been to use blood plasma containing tolerance effectors. This plasma is taken from healthy donors in which, after exposure to two sublethal stresses within 48 h, effectors of ischemic tolerance occur in the plasma. Application of this activated plasma to recipient animals after the end of lethal ischemia prevents cell death and significantly reduces the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. Until there is a clear chemical identification of the end products of ischemic tolerance, the simplest way of enhancing ischemic tolerance will be the preparation of activated plasma from young healthy donors with the possibility of its immediate use in recipients during the initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Burda
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jozef Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Morochovič
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Zeng R, Lai F, Huang M, Zhu D, Chen B, Tao L, Huang W, Lai C, Ding B. Feasibility of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Zusanli (ST36) on survival with a favorable neurological outcome in patients with postcardiac arrest syndrome after in-hospital cardiac arrest: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36639647 PMCID: PMC9837931 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, even the first-line medication epinephrine still shows no evidence of a favourable neurological outcome in patients with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). The high mortality of patients with postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) can be attributed to brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, systemic ischaemia/reperfusion response, and persistent precipitating pathology. Targeted temperature management, the only clinically proven method in the treatment of PCAS, is still associated with a series of problems that have not been completely resolved. Acupuncture is a crucial therapy in traditional Chinese medicine. On the basis of the results of previous studies, we hypothesize that electroacupuncture (EA) might provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of PCAS. This study will explore the feasibility of EA on SCA patients. METHODS This is a prospective pilot, randomized controlled clinical trial. Eligible patients with PCAS after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) admitted to our department will be randomly allocated to the control group or the EA group. Both groups will receive standard therapy according to American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the EA group will also receive acupuncture at the Baihui acupoint (GV20) and Zusanli acupoint (ST36) with EA stimulation for 30 min using a dense-dispersed wave at frequencies of 20 and 100 Hz, a current intensity of less than 10 mA, and a pulse width of 0.5 ms. EA treatment will be administered for up to 14 days (until either discharge or death). The primary endpoint is survival with a favourable neurological outcome. The secondary endpoints are neurological scores, cardiac function parameters, and other clinical parameters, including Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, on days 0 to 28. DISCUSSION This study will provide crucial clinical evidence on the efficacy of EA in PCAS when used as an adjunctive treatment with AHA standard therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION chictr.org.cn : ChiCTR2000040040. Registered on 19 November 2020. Retrospectively registered. http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zeng
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Fang Lai
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Fangcun Branch Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510145 Guangdong China
| | - Manhua Huang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Decai Zhu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Fangcun Branch Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510145 Guangdong China
| | - Baijian Chen
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Lanting Tao
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Ersha Branch Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510105 Guangdong China
| | - Wei Huang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Chengzhi Lai
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Banghan Ding
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China ,grid.413402.00000 0004 6068 0570Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
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Qin S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Qiu J, Gong Y, Fan W, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Guo Y. The impact of acupuncture on neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke: a literature review and perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:817732. [PMID: 36439200 PMCID: PMC9685811 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.817732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is common in the elderly, and is one of the main causes of long-term disability worldwide. After ischemic stroke, spontaneous recovery and functional reconstruction take place. These processes are possible thanks to neuroplasticity, which involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis. However, the repair of ischemic damage is not complete, and neurological deficits develop eventually. The WHO recommends acupuncture as an alternative and complementary method for the treatment of stroke. Moreover, clinical and experimental evidence has documented the potential of acupuncture to ameliorate ischemic stroke-induced neurological deficits, particularly sequelae such as dyskinesia, spasticity, cognitive impairment, and dysphagia. These effects are related to the ability of acupuncture to promote spontaneous neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke. Specifically, acupuncture can stimulate neurogenesis, activate axonal regeneration and sprouting, and improve the structure and function of synapses. These processes modify the neural network and function of the damaged brain area, producing the improvement of various skills and adaptability. Astrocytes and microglia may be involved in the regulation of neuroplasticity by acupuncture, such as by the production and release of a variety of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Moreover, the evidence presented indicates that acupuncture promotes neuroplasticity by modulating the functional reconstruction of the whole brain after ischemia. Therefore, the promotion of neuroplasticity is expected to become a new target for acupuncture in the treatment of neurological deficits after ischemic stroke, and research into the mechanisms responsible for these actions will be of significant clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Qin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yadan Zhao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwen Qiu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Acupuncture Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Li M, Wang Y, Gao Y, Yao X, Lan W, Tang W. Effects of electroacupuncture on angiogenesis and cortical VEGF and BDNF expression in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-022-1300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hao Y, Xin M, Feng L, Wang X, Wang X, Ma D, Feng J. Review Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance and Preconditioning: Methods, Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Challenges. Front Neurol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 33071923 PMCID: PMC7530891 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is increasing in prevalence. The limited therapeutic window and potential severe side effects prevent the widespread clinical application of the venous injection of thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator and thrombectomy, which are regarded as the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Triggered by various types of mild stressors or stimuli, ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) induces adaptive endogenous tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating a multitude cascade of biomolecules, for example, proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and others, which eventually lead to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic and genomic reprogramming. During the past 30 years, IPreC has been widely studied to confirm its neuroprotection against subsequent I/R injury, mainly including local ischemic preconditioning (LIPreC), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC), and cross preconditioning. Although LIPreC has a strong neuroprotective effect, the clinical application of IPreC for subsequent cerebral ischemia is difficult. There are two main reasons for the above result: Cerebral ischemia is unpredictable, and LIPreC is also capable of inducing unexpected injury with only minor differences to durations or intensity. RIPreC and pharmacological preconditioning, an easy-to-use and non-invasive therapy, can be performed in a variety of clinical settings and appear to be more suitable for the clinical management of ischemic stroke. Hoping to advance our understanding of IPreC, this review mainly focuses on recent advances in IPreC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fu Y, Li J, Wu S, Wang H. Electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes angiogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in a rat model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Acupunct Med 2020; 39:367-375. [PMID: 32811184 DOI: 10.1177/0964528420938378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment appears useful in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia (CMI). The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of EA preconditioning on the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in a CMI model of vascular regeneration. METHODS A CMI model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoprinosine hydrochloride (ISO) for 14 days in 45 Wistar rats, which had been randomly divided into a model group (n = 15), a CMI group pretreated with sham EA for 21 days (CMI + Sham group, n = 15) and a CMI group pretreated with verum EA for 21 days (CMI + EA, n = 15) prior to modeling. An additional 15 Wistar rats received 0.9% sodium chloride via intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days (control group). Serum levels of VEGF and HIF-1α were measured by ELISA, while protein expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in the area of myocardial infarction was measured by Western blotting. The area of myocardial infarction and fibrosis of the myocardial tissue in the study groups were visualized by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining, respectively. RESULTS EA pretreatment improved cardiac function by regulating left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction and the ST segment voltage of the electrocardiogram. EA pretreatment promoted vascular regeneration by increasing serum levels of VEGF and HIF-1α and by increasing protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the infarcted region of the myocardium, leading to a reduction in the area of myocardial infarction on HE staining and reduction of myocardial fibrosis on Masson staining. CONCLUSION EA pretreatment promotes protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in areas of ischemic myocardium, which may represent useful biomarkers for coronary collateral establishment and offer potential targets for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Fu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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10
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Sangtin S, Supasiri T, Tangsathitporn R, Pongpirul K. Application of survival analysis techniques to determine the optimal number of acupuncture therapy sessions for stroke patients. Acupunct Med 2020; 38:194-200. [PMID: 31958974 DOI: 10.1177/0964528419883268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture has shown clinical benefits in stroke patients but there is currently no clear recommendation on the number of acupuncture sessions that should be offered. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal number of acupuncture therapy sessions, following which significant clinical improvement could be anticipated. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study in stroke patients who had received acupuncture therapy as an adjunct treatment at Trang Hospital-a non-academic provincial hospital in Southern Thailand-between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017. Significant clinical improvement in activities of daily living (ADLs) was defined as an increase in the Barthel Index of ⩾10 points from baseline. Survival analysis techniques were applied to determine the optimal number of acupuncture therapy sessions. RESULTS Of 89 patients, 78% had a significant clinical improvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated that 50% of the patients exhibited significant improvements by the eighth acupuncture therapy session. By the 16th session, the proportion of patients increased to 81%. Subgroup analyses revealed that the clinical improvement did not depend on baseline Barthel index, whereas early treatment (within 3 months of stroke onset) was associated with a faster response than late treatment. The median numbers of sessions required to achieve a significant improvement in the early and late treatment groups were 8 and 11, respectively. CONCLUSION Stroke patients who were going to improve saw a significant improvement in Barthel index by the 16th acupuncture session and the marginal improvement declined substantially afterward. Our approach required minimal data available from the medical records of a non-academic facility, yet practical implication could be achieved. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered on 18 August 2017 with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (ref. TCTR20170822002).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanan Supasiri
- Holistic and Oriental Medicine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Krit Pongpirul
- Holistic and Oriental Medicine Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Galkov M, Gulyaev M, Kiseleva E, Andreev-Andrievskiy A, Gorbacheva L. Methods for detection of brain injury after photothrombosis-induced ischemia in mice: Characteristics and new aspects of their application. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 329:108457. [PMID: 31614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photothrombosis is a minimally invasive method for induction of cortical ischemia. However, different ways of applying some methods to assess photothrombosis-induced damage need to be developed. NEW METHODS We applied the tongue protrusion test and H&E staining of brain sections to detect ischemic damage after photothrombosis. Evaluation of the local status of the BBB using Evans blue dye was proposed. We also assessed the sensitivity of the grid-walk test. Moreover, we examined the interchangeability of MRI and TTC staining to measure lesion volume. RESULTS We evaluated ischemic outcomes at 24 h after photothrombosis in mice. The tongue protrusion test did not reveal impairments of the neurological status whereas the grid-walk test showed the high sensitivity. Using histological techniques, we determined the reduction in the number of neurons with normal morphology in the penumbra. 3D reconstruction of the brain, which reflected Evans blue dye distribution in the nervous tissue, revealed BBB disruption in areas remote from the ischemic core. We also showed the strong correlation between damage volumes assessed by MRI and TTC staining. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The present work demonstrates the efficacy of the classical histological approach and TTC staining that are more affordable than MRI and immunohistochemical methods. Detection of 3D distribution of Evans blue dye in the brain in contrast to its total extraction reveals BBB damage in details. CONCLUSIONS We proposed the simple methods for describing the severity of brain ischemia at the cellular and whole organism levels without significant labor and financial expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Galkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Ekaterina Kiseleva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Gorbacheva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Sun J, Shi J, Hou J, Guo C, Heng X, Qi G. Electroacupuncture protects rats from ischemic brain injury via coffilin in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:43-48. [PMID: 31599049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to study the expression level of cofilin after electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment, using ischemic brain injury model in mice. In addition, infarct volume and neurological functions were measured to understand whether electroacupuncture stimulation could restore the functions of the brain. METHODS Total of 36 mice was randomly divided into three groups: sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MACO), and middle cerebral artery occlusion model pretreated with EA (MACO + EA). Mice were stimulated at "Baihui (G20)" and "Dazhui (G14)" 24 hours before focal cerebral ischemia. Infarct volume and neuronal function of brain tissue were scored among different experimental groups. The expression level of cofilin and phosphocofilin of brain tissue were evaluated by using Western blot analysis. TUNEL assay was performed to determine the degree of cell apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the level of cofilin was dramatically reduced in the MACO group. EA pretreatment could reduce the protein level of cofilin, while EA therapy could also upregulate the protein level of phosphocofilin. Improved neuronal function, smaller infarct volume, and reduced neuronal apoptosis were observed among the mice underwent EA before middle artery occlusion. CONCLUSION Our results from Western blot analysis and TUNEL assay might suggest that the upregulation of cofilin was concerned with the EA protects rats from ischemic brain injury. Cofilin might be a potential target for developing drugs against brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juguang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhui Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueli Heng
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Li W, Yang F, Gao J, Tang Y, Wang J, Pan Y. Over-Expression of TRPC6 via CRISPR Based Synergistic Activation Mediator in BMSCs Ameliorates Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. Neuroscience 2019; 415:147-160. [PMID: 31369718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major life-threatening and disabling disease with a restricted therapeutic approach. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) possess proliferative ability and a multi-directional differentiation potential, and secrete a range of trophic/growth factors that can protect neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) is a family of non-selective channels permeable to Ca2+, with several functions including neuronal survival. Over-expression of TRPC6, a subtype of the TRPC family, was shown to protect neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, it remains unclear whether over-expression of TRPC6 in BMSCs can further reduce brain injury after ischemia/reperfusion. In the present study, we report that over-expression of TRPC6 via a CRISPR-based synergistic activation mediator in BMSCs provided a greater reduction of brain injury in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Further, the improved neurofunctional outcomes were associated with increased TRPC6 and brain derived neurotrophic factor expression levels. Overall, these data suggest that TRPC6 over-expressing BMSCs may be a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Tang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Pan
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Xing Y, Zhang M, Li WB, Dong F, Zhang F. Mechanisms Involved in the Neuroprotection of Electroacupuncture Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:929. [PMID: 30618558 PMCID: PMC6297779 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death all over the world. As the combination of acupuncture and electric stimulation, electroacupuncutre is a safe and effective therapy, which is commonly applied in ischemic stroke therapy in both experimental studies and clinical settings. The review was performed via searching for related articles in the databases of OVID, PUBMED, and ISI Web of Science from their respective inceptions to May 2018. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of EA for ischemic stroke via a series of factors, consisting of apoptosis related-factors, inflammatory factors, autophagy-related factors, growth factors, transcriptional factors, cannabinoid CB1 receptors, and other factors. In summary, EA stimulation may effectively alleviate ischemic brain injury via a series of signal pathways and various other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Therapeutic Potential of a Combination of Electroacupuncture and TrkB-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:157-173. [PMID: 29682700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We prepared and grafted tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) gene-transfected mesenchymal stem cells (TrkB-MSCs) into the ischemic penumbra and investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) treatment could promote functional recovery from ischemic stroke. For the behavioral test, TrkB-MSCs+EA resulted in significantly improved motor function compared to that obtained with MSCs+EA or TrkB-MSCs alone. At 30 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the largest number of grafted MSCs was detected in the TrkB-MSC+EA group. Some differentiation into immature neuroblasts and astrocytes was detected; however, only a few mature neuron-like cells were found. Compared to other treatments, TrkB-MSCs+EA upregulated the expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4) and induced the activation of TrkB receptor and its transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). At 60 days after MCAO, EA highly promoted the differentiation of TrkB-MSCs into mature neuron-like cells compared to the effect in MSCs. A selective TrkB antagonist, ANA-12, reverted the effect of TrkB-MSCs+EA in motor function recovery and survival of grafted MSCs. Our results suggest that EA combined with grafted TrkB-MSCs promotes the expression of BDNF and NT4, induces the differentiation of TrkB-MSCs, and improves motor function. TrkB-MSCs could serve as effective therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke if used in combination with BDNF/NT4-inducing therapeutic approaches.
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16
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Menzie-Suderam JM, Mohammad-Gharibani P, Modi J, Ma Z, Tao R, Prentice H, Wu JY. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress in an experimental model of stroke. Brain Res 2018; 1682:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Combination of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy with Electroacupuncture Improves Functional Recovery following Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8638294. [PMID: 29568769 PMCID: PMC5820667 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8638294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Neonatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) due to insufficient oxygen supply and blood flow during the prenatal and postnatal periods can cause cerebral palsy, a serious developmental condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combining constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and electroacupuncture to treat rat neonatal HI brain injury. Methods The left common carotid arteries of postnatal day 7 rats were ligated to induce HI brain injury, and the neonates were kept in a hypoxia chamber containing 8% oxygen for 2 hrs. Electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Zusanli (ST 36) was performed concurrently with CIMT 3 weeks after HI induction for 4 weeks. Results Motor asymmetry after HI was significantly improved in the CIMT and electroacupuncture combination group, but HI lesion size was not improved. The combination of CIMT and electroacupuncture after HI injury increases NeuN and decreases GFAP levels in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that this combination treatment inversely regulates neurons and astrocytes. In addition, the combination treatment group reduced the level of cleaved caspase-3, a crucial mediator of apoptosis, in the cortex. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a combination of CIMT and electroacupuncture is an effective method to treat hemiplegia due to neonatal HI brain injury.
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18
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Zhang GF, Yang P, Yin Z, Chen HL, Ma FG, Wang B, Sun LX, Bi YL, Shi F, Wang MS. Electroacupuncture preconditioning protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of dynamin-related protein 1. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:86-93. [PMID: 29451211 PMCID: PMC5840997 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture preconditioning at acupoint Baihui (GV20) can reduce focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the precise protective mechanism remains unknown. Mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) can trigger neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Herein, we examined the hypothesis that electroacupuncture pretreatment can regulate Drp1, and thus inhibit mitochondrial fission to provide cerebral protection. Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion at 24 hours after 5 consecutive days of preconditioning with electroacupuncture at GV20 (depth 2 mm, intensity 1 mA, frequency 2/15 Hz, for 30 minutes, once a day). Neurological function was assessed using the Longa neurological deficit score. Pathological changes in the ischemic penumbra on the injury side were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cellular apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra on the injury side was assessed by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling staining. Mitochondrial ultrastructure in the ischemic penumbra on the injury side was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Drp1 and cytochrome c expression in the ischemic penumbra on the injury side were assessed by western blot assay. Results showed that electroacupuncture preconditioning decreased expression of total and mitochondrial Drp1, decreased expression of total and cytosolic cytochrome c, maintained mitochondrial morphology and reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells in the ischemic penumbra on the injury side, with associated improvements in neurological function. These data suggest that electroacupuncture preconditioning-induced neuronal protection involves inhibition of the expression and translocation of Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Public Health, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zeng Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Guo Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
Acupuncture is potentially beneficial for post-stroke rehabilitation and is considered a promising preventive strategy for stroke. Electroacupuncture pretreatment or treatment after ischemic stroke by using appropriate electroacupuncture parameters generates neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects that increase cerebral blood flow, regulate oxidative stress, attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity, maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, inhibit apoptosis, increase growth factor production, and induce cerebral ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qwang-Yuen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
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20
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Xiao LY, Wang XR, Yang Y, Yang JW, Cao Y, Ma SM, Li TR, Liu CZ. Applications of Acupuncture Therapy in Modulating Plasticity of Central Nervous System. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:762-776. [PMID: 29111577 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acupuncture is widely applied for treatment of various neurological disorders. This manuscript will review the preclinical evidence of acupuncture in mediating neural plasticity, the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched acupuncture, plasticity, and other potential related words at the following sites: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP information data base. The following keywords were used: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, plasticity, neural plasticity, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, neuroblast, stem cell, progenitor cell, BrdU, synapse, synapse structure, synaptogenesis, axon, axon regeneration, synaptic plasticity, LTP, LTD, neurotrophin, neurotrophic factor, BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, bFGF, EGF, NT-3, NT-4, NT-5, p75NTR, neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, noradrenaline, dopamine, monamine. We assessed the effects of acupuncture on plasticity under pathological conditions in this review. RESULTS Relevant references were reviewed and presented to reflect the effects of acupuncture on neural plasticity. The acquired literatures mainly focused on neurogenesis, alterations of synapses, neurotrophins (NTs), and neurotranimitters. Acupuncture methods mentioned in this article include manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidences demonstrated that acupuncture could induce neural plasticity in rodents exposed to cerebral ischemia. Neural plasticity mediated by acupuncture in other neural disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, were also investigated and there is evidence of positive role of acupuncture induced plasticity in these disorders as well. Mediation of neural plasticity by acupuncture is likely associated with its modulation on NTs and neurotransmitters. The exact mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effects on neural plasticity remain to be elucidated. Neural plasticity may be the potential bridge between acupuncture and the treatment of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yong Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Ran Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Shin HK, Lee SW, Choi BT. Modulation of neurogenesis via neurotrophic factors in acupuncture treatments for neurological diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis promotes recovery after spinal cord injury by mediating bone marrow-derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11629-11640. [PMID: 28099928 PMCID: PMC5355292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in mediating BMSCs and SCI recovery. BMSCs were collected and SCI rat models were established. Wistar rats were assigned into the blank control, sham, SCI, SCI + BMSCs, SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1, SCI + BMSCs + AMD3100 (an inhibitor of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis) and SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1 + AMD3100 groups. Hind limb motor function was measured 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. qRT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA was performed to determine the expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, NGF, BDNF, GFAP and GAP-43, TNF-α, IL-1β, L-6 and IFN-γ. Hind limb motor function scores 7 days after the operation were reduced in the SCI rats of the blank control and sham groups. Hind limb function was found to be better in the SCI + BMSCs and SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1 groups than in the SCI, SCI + BMSCs + AMD3100 and SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1 + AMD3100 groups 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. Furthermore, the SCI group had lower SDF-1, CXCR4, NGF, BDNF and GAP-43 expressions but higher GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ than the blank control and sham groups 28 days after operation. While, the SCI + BMSCs, SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1 and SCI + BMSCs + SDF-1 + AMD3100 groups displayed opposite trends to the SCI and SCI + BMSCs + AMD3100 groups. In conclusion, SDF-1/CXCR4 axis promotes recovery after SCI by mediating BMSCs.
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Neuronal Regeneration after Electroacupuncture Treatment in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injured Cerebral Infarction Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3178014. [PMID: 28913350 PMCID: PMC5587926 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3178014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adult neuronal cells which can regenerate have been reported. The present study investigated whether acupuncture enhances neuronal regeneration in ischemic stroke rats. We established an ischemic stroke rat model by occluding the cerebral blood flow of the right middle cerebral artery for 15 minutes and then allowing reperfusion in Sprague–Dawley rats. The results indicated that, in these rats, 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) at both Zusanli (ST36) and Shangjuxu (ST37) acupoints reduced the infarction/hemisphere ratio 8 days after reperfusion and reduced the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and increased the rotarod test time 4 and 8 days after reperfusion, respectively. In addition, 2 Hz reduced nestin immunoreactive cells in the penumbra area and the ischemic core area; 2 Hz EA also reduced Ki67 immunoreactive cells and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive cells in the penumbra area. These findings suggest that 2 Hz EA at the ST36 and ST37 acupoints has a neuroprotective role. However, additional studies are needed to further investigate these preliminary results.
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Electroacupuncture Improved Hippocampal Neurogenesis following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice through Inhibition of TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5841814. [PMID: 28848607 PMCID: PMC5564094 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5841814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective role of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in diverse neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke is well acknowledged. However, whether and how EA act on hippocampal neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of EA on hippocampal neurogenesis and neurological functions, as well as its underlying association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in TBI mice. BrdU/NeuN immunofluorescence was performed to label newborn neurons in the hippocampus after EA treatment. Water maze test and neurological severity score were used to evaluate neurological function posttrauma. The hippocampal level of TLR4 and downstream molecules and inflammatory cytokines were, respectively, detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EA enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibited TLR4 expression at 21, 28, and 35 days after TBI, but the beneficial effects of EA on posttraumatic neurogenesis and neurological functions were attenuated by lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 activation. In addition, EA exerted an inhibitory effect on both TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB and TLR4/TRIF/NF-κB pathways, as well as the inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus following TBI. In conclusion, EA promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and neurological recovery through inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway posttrauma, which may be a potential approach to improve the outcome of TBI.
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Feng Y, Ju Y, Cui J, Wang L. Bone marrow stromal cells promote neuromotor functional recovery, via upregulation of neurotrophic factors and synapse proteins following traumatic brain injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:654-660. [PMID: 28560414 PMCID: PMC5482073 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) exhibit great therapeutic potential in neuronal injuries; however, there is limited understanding of the precise underlying mechanisms that contribute to functional improvement following brain injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of BMSC treatment on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, and investigate if they migrate to injured areas and promote neuromotor functional recovery via upregulation of neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins. BMSCs were cultured in vitro from female Sprague Dawley (SD) rat bone marrow and were subsequently infused into male adult SD rats via the tail vein, following induction of TBI. The results demonstrated that treatment with BMSCs significantly reduced TBI‑induced neuromotor impairment and neuronal loss, as assessed by rota rod testing, western blot analysis, modified neurological severity score and immunohistochemistry. The distribution of transplanted BMSCs was tracked by monitoring the expression of sex determining region Y (SRY) in rats. The number of cells double‑positive for SRY/neuronal nuclear antigen or SRY/glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased in the BMSC group, which demonstrated that BMSCs migrated to injured areas and differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, following TBI. Furthermore, administration of BMSCs increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor. Protein expression levels of synaptophysin were downregulated following TBI and this was reversed in part by treatment with BMSCs. These findings uncovered some underlying mechanisms of action of BMSCs, and may lead to their potential use as a future effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Ju
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Mechanisms of Acupuncture Therapy for Cerebral Ischemia: an Evidence-Based Review of Clinical and Animal Studies on Cerebral Ischemia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:575-592. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Kim H, Kim MJ, Koo YS, Lee HI, Lee SW, Shin MJ, Kim SY, Shin YB, Shin YI, Choi BT, Yun YJ, Shin HK. Histological and functional assessment of the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in rats following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2775-2782. [PMID: 28587341 PMCID: PMC5450637 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is used in stroke rehabilitation to promote recovery of upper limb motor function. However, its efficacy in improving functional outcomes in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy has not been clearly determined in clinical or experimental research. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of a new experimental model of CIMT, evaluated in terms of mortality, stress, motor and cognitive function in rats having undergone a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Neonatal HI injury was induced at post-natal day 7 through unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery followed by exposure to hypoxia for 2 h. CIMT was implemented at 3 weeks, post-HI injury, using a pouch to constrain the unimpaired forelimb and forcing use of the affected forelimb using a motorized treadmill. After HI injury, animals demonstrated motor and cognitive deficits, as well as volumetric decreases in the ipsilateral hemisphere to arterial occlusion. CIMT yielded a modest recovery of motor and cognitive function, with no effect in reducing the size of the HI lesion or post-HI volumetric decreases in brain tissue. Therefore, although animal models of stroke have identified benefits of CIMT, CIMT was not sufficient to enhance brain tissue development and functional outcomes in an animal model of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Based on our outcomes, we suggest that CIMT can be used as an adjunct treatment to further enhance the efficacy of a program of rehabilitation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunha Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Koo
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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Selvaraj UM, Ortega SB, Hu R, Gilchrist R, Kong X, Partin A, Plautz EJ, Klein RS, Gidday JM, Stowe AM. Preconditioning-induced CXCL12 upregulation minimizes leukocyte infiltration after stroke in ischemia-tolerant mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:801-813. [PMID: 27006446 PMCID: PMC5363460 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16639327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning creates long-lasting, endogenous protection in a mouse model of stroke, characterized by reductions in leukocyte-endothelial adherence, inflammation, and infarct volumes. The constitutively expressed chemokine CXCL12 can be upregulated by hypoxia and limits leukocyte entry into brain parenchyma during central nervous system inflammatory autoimmune disease. We therefore hypothesized that the sustained tolerance to stroke induced by repetitive hypoxic preconditioning is mediated, in part, by long-term CXCL12 upregulation at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In male Swiss Webster mice, repetitive hypoxic preconditioning elevated cortical CXCL12 protein levels, and the number of cortical CXCL12+ microvessels, for at least two weeks after the last hypoxic exposure. Repetitive hypoxic preconditioning-treated mice maintained more CXCL12-positive vessels than untreated controls following transient focal stroke, despite cortical decreases in CXCL12 mRNA and protein. Continuous administration of the CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) antagonist AMD3100 for two weeks following repetitive hypoxic preconditioning countered the increase in CXCL12-positive microvessels, both prior to and following stroke. AMD3100 blocked the protective post-stroke reductions in leukocyte diapedesis, including macrophages and NK cells, and blocked the protective effect of repetitive hypoxic preconditioning on lesion volume, but had no effect on blood-brain barrier dysfunction. These data suggest that CXCL12 upregulation prior to stroke onset, and its actions following stroke, contribute to the endogenous, anti-inflammatory phenotype induced by repetitive hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Selvaraj
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sterling B Ortega
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruilong Hu
- 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Gilchrist
- 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiangmei Kong
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Partin
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Erik J Plautz
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- 4 Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gidday
- 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,3 Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- 1 Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Li HB, Wu F, Miao HC, Xiong KR. Effects of Polysaccharide of Gastrodia Elata Blume and Electro-Acupuncture on Expressions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Stem Cell Factor Protein in Caudate Putamen of Focal Cerebral Ischemia Rats. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2016; 22:175-180. [PMID: 28033308 PMCID: PMC5207014 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the neural protective effect of polysaccharide of Gastrodia elata Blume (PGB) and electro-acupuncture (EA) on focal cerebral ischemia rats. Material/Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (normal group, model group, PGB group, EA group and PGB+EA group). The model was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Two week after modeling, rats were given PGB, EA, or a combination of the 2 in continuous treatment for 2 successive weeks. 14 days after modeling, expressions of BDNF and SCF protein in the caudate putamen (CPu) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Positive expression of BDNF and SCF protein was found in the right caudate putamen of each group of rats. Expressions of BDNF and SCF in the CPu of the model group were higher than normal group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expressions of BDNF and SCF in the CPu of the PGB group, the EA group, and the PGB plus EA group increased significantly (P<0.05). The expressions of BDNF and SCF obviously increased in the PGB plus EA group compared to those of the EA group and the PGB group (P<0.05). Conclusions PGB and EA up-regulated the expressions of BDNF and SCF protein in the CPu of focal cerebral ischemia rats, and the combination of PGB+EA has a synergistic effect on the recovery from cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Bin Li
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Chun Miao
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Ke-Ren Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Choi YK, Urnukhsaikhan E, Yoon HH, Seo YK, Cho H, Jeong JS, Kim SC, Park JK. Combined effect of pulsed electromagnetic field and sound wave on In vitro and In vivo neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:201-211. [PMID: 27790871 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical wave stimulus has been used as an effective tool to promote cellular maturation and differentiation in the construction of engineered tissue. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and sound waves have been selected as effective stimuli that can promote neural differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of PEMFs and sound waves on the neural differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In vitro, neural-related genes in hBM-MSCs were accelerated by the combined exposure to both waves more than by individual exposure to PEMFs or sound waves. The combined wave also up-regulated the expression of neural and synaptic-related proteins in a three-dimensional (3-D) culture system through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase. In a mouse model of photochemically induced ischemia, exposure to the combined wave reduced the infarction volume and improved post-injury behavioral activity. These results indicate that a combined stimulus of biophysical waves, PEMFs and sound can enhance and possibly affect the differentiation of MSCs into neural cells. Our study is meaningful for highlighting the potential of combined wave for neurogenic effects and providing new therapeutic approaches for neural cell therapy. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:201-211, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyong Choi
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hee-Hoon Yoon
- Dongguk University Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Dongguk University Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seob Jeong
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Zhang Y, Qiu B, Wang J, Yao Y, Wang C, Liu J. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of BDNF-Transfected BMSCs on Neural Functional Recovery and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats with Cerebral Infarction. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3813-3824. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion of Rat via Modulation of Apoptosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Excitotoxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9438650. [PMID: 27123035 PMCID: PMC4830716 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9438650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has several properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study was to investigate the effects of EA on the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h. EA stimulation was applied to both Baihui and Dazhui acupoints for 30 min in each rat per day for 5 successive days before MCAO (pretreatment) or when the reperfusion was initiated (treatment). Neurologic deficit scores, infarction volumes, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated. The expressions of related inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic molecules, antioxidant systems, and excitotoxic receptors in the brain were also investigated. Results showed that both EA pretreatment and treatment significantly reduced infarct volumes, decreased brain water content, and alleviated neuronal injury in MCAO rats. Notably, EA exerts neuroprotection against I/R injury through improving neurological function, attenuating the inflammation cytokines, upregulating antioxidant systems, and reducing the excitotoxicity. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the traditional use of EA.
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33
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Jung YS, Lee SW, Park JH, Seo HB, Choi BT, Shin HK. Electroacupuncture preconditioning reduces ROS generation with NOX4 down-regulation and ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic stroke. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:32. [PMID: 26952102 PMCID: PMC4782283 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture (EA) is a modern application based on combination of traditional manual acupuncture and electrotherapy that is frequently recommended as an adjuvant treatment for ischemic stroke. EA preconditioning can ameliorate blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain edema in ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the preventive effects of EA preconditioning, particularly on BBB injury, followed by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in mice. Results Mice were treated with EA (20 min) at Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) acupoints once a day for 3 days before ischemic injury. Infarct volume, neurological deficits, oxidative stress, Evans blue leakage and brain edema were evaluated at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion injury. EA preconditioning significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neurological function even after ischemic injury. In addition, both Evans blue leakage and water content were significantly reduced in EA preconditioned mice. Whereas the expression of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and claudin-5, were remarkably increased by EA preconditioning. Mice with EA preconditioning showed the reduction of astrocytic aquaporin 4, which is involved in BBB permeabilization. In addition, we found that EA preconditioning decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissues after ischemic injury. The expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), not NOX2, was significantly suppressed in EA preconditioned mice. Conclusions These results suggest that EA preconditioning improve neural function after ischemic injury through diminishing BBB disruption and brain edema. And, the reduction of ROS generation and NOX4 expression by EA preconditioning might be involved in BBB recovery. Therefore, EA may serve as a potential preventive strategy for patients at high risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Suk Jung
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Bum Seo
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Liu AJ, Li JH, Li HQ, Fu DL, Lu L, Bian ZX, Zheng GQ. Electroacupuncture for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:1541-66. [PMID: 26621442 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is an extension technique of acupuncture based on traditional acupuncture combined with modern electrotherapy. Here, we conducted a systematic review specifically to assess the effectiveness and safety of EA for acute ischemic stroke. Eight databases were searched for randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of EA for acute ischemic stroke published from inception to June 2013. Ultimately, 67 studies claimed to be RCTs. Eighteen studies with 1411 individuals were selected for the analyses, which got [Formula: see text] “yes” in the domains of Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis showed a significant effect of EA for improving Barthel Index ([Formula: see text]), Fugl–Meyer Assessment ([Formula: see text]), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ([Formula: see text]) and Revised Scandinavian Stroke Scale ([Formula: see text]) compared with western conventional treatments (WCTs). In an analysis of the total clinical efficacy rate, there was a significant difference between EA and WCTs ([Formula: see text]). Adverse effects were monitored in 6 studies, and were well tolerated in all stroke patients. According to the GRADE approach, the quality of evidence was mostly high or moderate. In conclusion, this systematic review revealed the evidence in support of the use of EA for acute ischemic stroke, although further larger sample-size and rigorously designed RCTs are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji-Huang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deng-Lei Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Electro-acupuncture at LI11 and ST36 acupoints exerts neuroprotective effects via reactive astrocyte proliferation after ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res Bull 2015; 120:14-24. [PMID: 26524137 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a common phenomenon in central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as ischemic stroke. The present study aimed to deeply investigate the relationships between the neuroprotective effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) and reactive astrocytes following cerebral ischemia. EA treatment at the Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints at Day 3 attenuated neurological deficits and cerebral infarct volume in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injured rats. Animal behavior assessments found that the speed of Catwalk gait, equilibrium and coordination of Rotarod test were improved. Furthermore, EA treatment exerted neuroprotective effects via activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and nestin positive cells. Simultaneously, an obvious increase in GFAP/vimentin, GFAP/nestin and GFAP/BrdU co-labeling appeared in the peri-infract cortex and striatum, suggesting EA can promote the proliferation of GFAP/vimentin/nestin-positive reactive astrocytes. The expression of cell cycle-associated proteins Cyclin Dl, CDK4 and phospho-Rb were increased in the peri-infract cortex and striatum, indicating proliferated reactive astrocytes-mediated CyclinDl/CDK4 regulation of the transition of the G1-to-S cell cycle phases. In addition, EA enhanced the localized expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the peri-infract cortex and striatum. These results demonstrated that EA treatment at the LI11 and ST36 acupoints on Day 3 exerted neuroprotection via proliferation of GFAP/vimentin/nestin-positive reactive astrocytes and, potentially, secretion of reactive astrocytes-derived BDNF in I/R injured rats.
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36
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Ran QQ, Chen HL, Liu YL, Yu HX, Shi F, Wang MS. Electroacupuncture preconditioning attenuates ischemic brain injury by activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1069-75. [PMID: 26330828 PMCID: PMC4541236 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has therapeutic effects on ischemic brain injury, but its mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, mice were stimulated by electroacupuncture at the Baihui (GV20) acupoint for 30 minutes at 1 mA and 2/15 Hz for 5 consecutive days. A cerebral ischemia model was established by ligating the bilateral common carotid artery for 15 minutes. At 72 hours after injury, neuronal injury in the mouse hippocampus had lessened, and the number of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells reduced after electroacupuncture treatment. Moreover, expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and phosphorylated AMPKα was up-regulated. Intraperitoneal injection of the AMPK antagonist, compound C, suppressed this phenomenon. Our findings suggest that electroacupuncture preconditioning alleviates ischemic brain injury via AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Thushara Vijayakumar N, Sangwan A, Sharma B, Majid A, Rajanikant GK. Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning: the Road So Far…. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2579-93. [PMID: 26081149 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral preconditioning constitutes the brain's adaptation to lethal ischemia when first exposed to mild doses of a subtoxic stressor. The phenomenon of preconditioning has been largely studied in the heart, and data from in vivo and in vitro models from past 2-3 decades have provided sufficient evidence that similar machinery exists in the brain as well. Since preconditioning results in a transient protective phenotype labeled as ischemic tolerance, it can open many doors in the medical warfare against stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular disorder that kills or cripples thousands of people worldwide every year. Preconditioning can be induced by a variety of stimuli from hypoxia to pharmacological anesthetics, and each, in turn, induces tolerance by activating a multitude of proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and other biomolecules eventually leading to genomic reprogramming. The intracellular signaling pathways and molecular cascades behind preconditioning are extensively being investigated, and several first-rate papers have come out in the last few years centered on the topic of cerebral ischemic tolerance. However, translating the experimental knowledge into the clinical scaffold still evades practicality and faces several challenges. Of the various preconditioning strategies, remote ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning appears to be more clinically relevant for the management of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss current developments in the field of cerebral preconditioning and then examine the potential of various preconditioning agents to confer neuroprotection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thushara Vijayakumar
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Amit Sangwan
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Arshad Majid
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India.
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Zhang DS, Liu YL, Zhu DQ, Huang XJ, Luo CH. Point application with Angong Niuhuang sticker protects hippocampal and cortical neurons in rats with cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:286-91. [PMID: 25883629 PMCID: PMC4392678 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.152384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angong Niuhuang pill, a Chinese materia medica preparation, can improve neurological functions after acute ischemic stroke. Because of its inconvenient application and toxic components (Cinnabaris and Realgar), we used transdermal enhancers to deliver Angong Niuhuang pill by modern technology, which expanded the safe dose range and clinical indications. In this study, Angong Niuhuang stickers administered at different point application doses (1.35, 2.7, and 5.4 g/kg) were administered to the Dazhui (DU14), Qihai (RN6) and Mingmen (DU4) of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze was used to determine the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe neuronal damage of the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. The middle- and high-dose point application of Angong Niuhuang stickers attenuated neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, and improved the memory of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia with an efficacy similar to interventions by electroacupuncture at Dazhui (DU14), Qihai (RN6) and Mingmen (DU4). Our experimental findings indicate that point application with Angong Niuhuang stickers can improve cognitive function after chronic cerebral ischemia in rats and is neuroprotective with an equivalent efficacy to acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shu Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dao-Qi Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao-Hua Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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TAN FENG, CHEN JIE, LIANG YANGUI, GU MINHUA, LI YANPING, WANG XUEWEN, MENG DI. Electroacupuncture attenuates cervical spinal cord injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1529-1534. [PMID: 24926338 PMCID: PMC4043606 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia induces injury, not only in the ischemic core and surrounding penumbra tissues, but also in remote areas such as the cervical spinal cord. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cervical spinal cord injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive (RHRSP) rats. The results demonstrated that neuronal loss, which was assayed by Nissl staining in the cervical spinal cords of RHRSP rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), was markedly decreased by EA stimulation at the GV20 (Baihui) and GV14 (Dazhui) acupoints compared with that in rats undergoing sham stimulation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that EA stimulation blocked the MCAO-induced elevated protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and amyloid precursor protein in the cervical spinal cord at days 24 and 48. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective role of EA stimulation, the protein expression levels of Nogo-A and Nogo-66 receptor-1 (NgR1), two key regulatory molecules for neurite growth, were recorded in each group. The results revealed that EA stimulation reduced the MCAO-induced elevation of Nogo-A and NgR1 protein levels at day 14 and 28 in RHRSP rats. Therefore, the results demonstrated that EA reduced cervical spinal cord injury following cerebral ischemia in RHRSP rats, indicating that EA has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic treatment agent for cervical spinal cord injury following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG TAN
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - JIE CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - YANGUI LIANG
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - MINHUA GU
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dongsheng Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - YANPING LI
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - XUEWEN WANG
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - DI MENG
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Gehringer R, Mousa SA, Hackel D, Brack A, Rittner HL. CXCL10 controls inflammatory pain via opioid peptide-containing macrophages in electroacupuncture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94696. [PMID: 24732949 PMCID: PMC3986408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is widely used for pain treatment in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain, but molecular mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. In the early phase of inflammation neutrophilic chemokines direct opioid-containing neutrophils in the inflamed tissue and stimulate opioid peptide release and antinociception. In this study the molecular pathway and neuroimmune connections in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation and electroacupuncture for peripheral pain control were analyzed. Free moving Wistar rats with hind paw inflammation were treated twice with electroacupuncture at GB30 (Huan Tiao - gall bladder meridian) (day 0 and 1) and analyzed for mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds. The cytokine profiles as well as the expression of opioid peptides were quantified in the inflamed paw. Electroacupuncture elicited long-term antinociception blocked by local injection of anti-opioid peptide antibodies (beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin A). The treatment altered the cytokine profile towards an anti-inflammatory pattern but augmented interferon (IFN)-gamma and the chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10: interferon gamma-inducible protein) protein and mRNA expression with concomitant increased numbers of opioid peptide-containing CXCR3+ macrophages. In rats with CFA hind paw inflammation without acupuncture repeated injection of CXCL10 triggered opioid-mediated antinociception and increase opioid-containing macrophages. Conversely, neutralization of CXCL10 time-dependently decreased electroacupuncture-induced antinociception and the number of infiltrating opioid peptide-expressing CXCR3+ macrophages. In summary, we describe a novel function of the chemokine CXCL10 - as a regulator for an increase of opioid-containing macrophages and antinociceptive mediator in inflammatory pain and as a key chemokine regulated by electroacupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (YW); (HLR)
| | - Rebekka Gehringer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shaaban A. Mousa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (YW); (HLR)
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Cheng CY, Lin JG, Su SY, Tang NY, Kao ST, Hsieh CL. Electroacupuncture-like stimulation at Baihui and Dazhui acupoints exerts neuroprotective effects through activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK/bad signaling pathway in mild transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:92. [PMID: 24606810 PMCID: PMC3975570 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture-like stimulation at Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) acupoints (EA at acupoints) following mild cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Furthermore, we investigated whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotection induced by EA at acupoints. Methods Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 15 min followed by reperfusion for 3 d. EA at acupoints was applied 1 d postreperfusion then once daily for 2 consecutive days. Results Following the application of EA at acupoints, initiated 1 d postreperfusion, we observed significant reductions in the cerebral infarct area, neurological deficit scores, active caspase-3 protein expression, and apoptosis in the ischemic cortex after 3 d of reperfusion. We also observed markedly upregulated BDNF, phospho-Raf-1 (pRaf-1), phospho-MEK1/2 (pMEK1/2), phospho-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), phospho-90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (pp90RSK), and phospho-Bad (pBad) expression, and restored neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) expression. Pretreatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 abrogated the effects of EA at acupoints on cerebral infarct size, neurological deficits, active caspase-3 protein, and apoptosis in the ischemic cortex after 3 d of reperfusion. Pretreatment with U0126 also abrogated the effects of EA at acupoints on pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pp90RSK, pBad, and NeuN expression, but did not influence BDNF and pRaf-1 expression. Conclusion Overall, our study results indicated that EA at acupoints, initiated 1 d postreperfusion, upregulates BDNF expression to provide BDNF-mediated neuroprotection against caspase-3-dependent neuronal apoptosis through activation of the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK/Bad signaling cascade after 3 d of reperfusion in mild MCAo.
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The neuroprotective role of acupuncture and activation of the BDNF signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3234-52. [PMID: 24566146 PMCID: PMC3958908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have been conducted to examine the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture in many neurological disorders. Although the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture has been linked to changes in signaling pathways, accumulating evidence suggest the participation of endogenous biological mediators, such as the neurotrophin (NT) family of proteins, specifically, the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Accordingly, acupuncture can inhibit neurodegeneration via expression and activation of BDNF. Moreover, recent studies have reported that acupuncture can increase ATP levels at local stimulated points. We have also demonstrated that acupuncture could activate monocytes and increase the expression of BDNF via the stimulation of ATP. The purpose of this article is to review the recent findings and ongoing studies on the neuroprotective roles of acupuncture and therapeutic implications of acupuncture-induced activation of BDNF and its signaling pathway.
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A Recombinant Inhibitory Isoform of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor164/165 Aggravates Ischemic Brain Damage in a Mouse Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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