1
|
El-Bana MA, Ashour MN, Rasheed WI, Diab YM, Medhat D. Bombax ceiba Linn. leaf extract rich in phenolic compounds to mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver-related complications in experimental model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:343-352. [PMID: 36935561 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia are common features observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). There is a critical medical necessity to find novel therapeutics that can halt the development of NAFLD. METHODS Bombax ceiba Linn. leaf extract was prepared and its phytochemical profile was determined. Standard and high carbohydrate high-fat diets (HCHF) were prepared. Rats were fed HCHF for 18 weeks to induce a non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) model. Forty male rats were divided into control, B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract, NAFL, prophylactic, and treated groups. Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), intelectin-1 (ITLN1), p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated. RESULTS Data obtained showed that HCHF-induced NAFL resulting in a significant increase in FBS, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL, TG, ALT, AST, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in serum levels of HDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the control group. The analysis of B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract showed high content of phenol compounds which may cause a significant decrease in the levels of FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR values, lipid profile, and levels of IL-6 while a significant increase in serum levels of LDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the NAFL group. CONCLUSIONS B. ceiba Linn. Leaf extract is a highly protective and promising therapeutic agent against inflammation and oxidative stress in the NAFLD model induced by HCHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Bana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdi N Ashour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa I Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Diab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chao J, Chen TY, Pao LH, Deng JS, Cheng YC, Su SY, Huang SS. Ethnobotanical Survey on Bitter Tea in Taiwan. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816029. [PMID: 35250565 PMCID: PMC8894760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological evidence: In Taiwan, herbal tea is considered a traditional medicine and has been consumed for hundreds of years. In contrast to regular tea, herbal teas are prepared using plants other than the regular tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Bitter tea (kǔ-chá), a series of herbal teas prepared in response to common diseases in Taiwan, is often made from local Taiwanese plants. However, the raw materials and formulations have been kept secret and verbally passed down by store owners across generations without a fixed recipe, and the constituent plant materials have not been disclosed. Aim of the study: The aim was to determine the herbal composition of bitter tea sold in Taiwan, which can facilitate further studies on pharmacological applications and conserve cultural resources. Materials and methods: Interviews were conducted through a semi-structured questionnaire. The surveyed respondents were traditional sellers of traditional herbal tea. The relevant literature was collated for a systematic analysis of the composition, characteristics, and traditional and modern applications of the plant materials used in bitter tea. We also conducted an association analysis of the composition of Taiwanese bitter tea with green herb tea (qing-cao-cha tea), another commonly consumed herbal tea in Taiwan, as well as herbal teas in neighboring areas outside Taiwan. Results: After visiting a total of 59 stores, we identified 32 bitter tea formulations and 73 plant materials. Asteraceae was the most commonly used family, and most stores used whole plants. According to a network analysis of nine plant materials used in high frequency as drug pairs, Tithonia diversifolia and Ajuga nipponensis were found to be the core plant materials used in Taiwanese bitter tea. Conclusion: Plant materials used in Taiwanese bitter tea were distinct, with multiple therapeutic functions. Further research is required to clarify their efficacy and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yang Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shan-Yu Su, ; Shyh-Shyun Huang,
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shan-Yu Su, ; Shyh-Shyun Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Komati A, Anand A, Shaik H, Mudiam MKR, Suresh Babu K, Tiwari AK. Bombax ceiba (Linn.) calyxes ameliorate methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress via modulation of RAGE expression: identification of active phytometabolites by GC-MS analysis. Food Funct 2021; 11:5486-5497. [PMID: 32500907 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic reactions between proteins and methylglyoxal (MG) result in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs play a vital role in the development of diabetic complications by stimulating oxidative stress and acting upon their receptor RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products). This study examined the effect of aqueous methanol extract of Bombax ceiba L. calyxes (BCCE) on MG induced protein glycation and oxidative stress, followed by the identification of phytometabolites present in the calyxes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study revealed that priming of bovine serum albumin protein with the BCCE inhibited MG induced AGE formation in vitro and restrained AGE-induced RAGE up-regulation in HEK-293 cells. The BCCE significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the MG induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Improvements in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as Mn and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were also observed in HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, the decrease in primary cellular defense against AGEs, the glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) activity, due to MG treatment was restored in BCCE treated cells. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of antioxidant and antiglycation compounds such as myo-ionisitol, scopoletin, d-sedoheptulose, succinic acid, and xylitol in B. ceiba calyxes. The observed beneficial effect in our study might be attributed to the presence of these compounds in B. Ceiba calyxes. This is the first report presenting the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of B. ceiba calyxes and GC-MS analysis of active phytometabolites. These observations show that B. ceiba calyxes may become a potent and promising functional food to manage/control the development of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Komati
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Ajay Anand
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Hussain Shaik
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India and Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India and Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India. and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maurya SK, Shadab G, Siddique HR. Chemosensitization of Therapy Resistant Tumors: Targeting Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways by Lupeol, A Pentacyclic Triterpene. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:455-465. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The resistance of cancer cells to different therapies is one of the major stumbling blocks
for successful cancer treatment. Various natural and pharmaceuticals drugs are unable to control drug-resistance
cancer cell's growth. Also, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several side effects and cannot apply to the patient
in excess. In this context, chemosensitization to the therapy-resistant cells by non-toxic phytochemicals
could be an excellent alternative to combat therapy-resistant cancers.
Objective:
To review the currently available literature on chemosensitization of therapy resistance cancers by
Lupeol for clinically approved drugs through targeting different cell signaling pathways.
Methods:
We reviewed relevant published articles in PubMed and other search engines from 1999 to 2019 to
write this manuscript. The key words used for the search were “Lupeol and Cancer”, “Lupeol and Chemosensitization”,
“Lupeol and Cell Signaling Pathways”, “Cancer Stem Cells and Lupeol” etc. The published results on the
chemosensitization of Lupeol were compared and discussed.
Results:
Lupeol chemosensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells for clinically approved drugs. Lupeol alone or in
combination with approved drugs inhibits inflammation in different cancer cells through modulation of expression
of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Lupeol, through altering the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, Survivin, FAS,
Caspases, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly induce cell deaths among therapy-resistant
cells. Lupeol also modulates the molecules involved in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclins, CDKs, P53, P21,
and PCNA in different cancer types.
Conclusion:
Lupeol chemosensitizes the therapy-resistant cancer cells for the treatment of various clinically
approved drugs via modulating different signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance cancer. Thus, Lupeol
might be used as an adjuvant molecule along with clinically approved drugs to reduce the toxicity and increase
the effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G.G.H.A. Shadab
- Molecular Toxicology & Cytogenetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katisart T, Kriintong N. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaf and flower extracts from Bombax ceiba. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_116_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Arafa A, Foda D, Mahmoud A, Metwally N, Farrag A. Bombax ceiba flowers extract ameliorates hepatosteatosis induced by ethanol and relatively moderate fat diet in rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:401-408. [PMID: 31080748 PMCID: PMC6507047 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption could induce serious liver injury. In this study, therapeutic effect of aqueous methanol extract of Bombax ceiba L. flowers (BCE) (Family: Bombacaceae) was investigated against hepatic steatosis. This study included seven groups, and the research period was eight weeks. The first group served as control. The six remaining groups were divided into two categories, three groups in each. The first category was fed fat diet. The second category was fed fat diet and orally administrated ethanol, which was given in graduate doses from 2 g/kg/d to 6 g/kg/d. Then, one group from each category was orally treated with the standard drug fluvastatin (2 mg/Kg/d). Another group was orally treated with BCE (200 mg/kg/d). The third group left untreated. The results revealed that BCE significantly decrease both the body and liver weight. The treatment with BCE extract also ameliorates the effect of alcohol induced increase of liver enzyme activities. In addition, the extract was significantly increased hepatic liver antioxidants and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Also, serum lipid profiles: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased after BCE treatment. Histopathological study showed fatty changes induced by alcohol which were improved by BCE treatment. These data suggest that the BCE has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-steatosis potential properties against alcohol induced liver damage. This may be due to the presence of flavonoids and other phenol compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.F. Arafa
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - D.S. Foda
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A.H. Mahmoud
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - N.S. Metwally
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A.R.H. Farrag
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chauhan S, Sharma A, Upadhyay NK, Singh G, Lal UR, Goyal R. In-vitro osteoblast proliferation and in-vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of Bombax ceiba with quantification of Lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol by HPTLC and HPLC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:233. [PMID: 30086745 PMCID: PMC6081808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bombax ceiba is used traditionally to treat bone disorders, rheumatism, and joint pain. The aim of the study is to carry out osteogenic activity in-vitro and anti-osteoporotic activity in-vivo of stem bark of B. ceiba in surgical ovariectomy model in female rats. METHODS Plant drug: B. ceiba stem bark was extracted with solvents petroleum ether and methanol using Soxhlet extraction. In-vitro osteoblastic proliferation study was performed using UMR-106 cell lines. Both the extracts were undergone to acute toxicity study as per OECD423 guidelines. Female Wistar albino rats 180-240 g were used (n = 6). Surgical ovariectomy was performed under anesthesia to induce bone porosity and loss in all animals except normal control and sham control. Each extract was administered at two dose level: 100 and 200 mg/kg and the standard Raloxifene was given at 1 mg/kg orally for 28 days. The phytochemical study of both the extracts was performed using HPLC and HPTLC. RESULTS A significant osteoblast cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed with B. ceiba extracts in UMR-106 cell lines. Surgical removal of ovaries produced significant (p < 0.05) decline in bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, serum ALP, calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol level and marked bone tissue destruction in histology. Administration of petroleum ether and methanolic extract for 28 days significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the consequences of ovariectomy induced bone porosity and restored the normal architecture of bone, as compared to OVX control. The phytochemical screening of both the extracts were also carried out. The quantification of phytoconstituents showed the presence of β-sitosterol and lupeol in petroleum ether extract, whereas the lupeol is also quantified in the methanolic extract. The presence of gallic acid was quantified in methanolic extract using HPLC. CONCLUSION B. ceiba: stem bark ameliorated the state of bone fragility and fracture possibly due to estrogenic modulation, as also confirmed by in-vitro osteogenic activity which may be due to the presence of lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol constituents of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | | | - Gajender Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Uma Ranjan Lal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP 173212 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Medicinal plants and phytochemicals with anti-obesogenic potentials: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1442-1452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
10
|
Potential involvement of PPAR α activation in diminishing the hepatoprotective effect of fenofibrate in NAFLD: Accuracy of non- invasive panel in determining the stage of liver fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:68-78. [PMID: 27930988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Fenofibrate (FF) is a hypolipedmic drug and one of the PPARα agonists which is a drug target for non alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), no studies had investigated its potential hepatic effects in such cases. AIM To compare between the effect of FF and Gemfibrozil (GF) on the prognosis of NAFLD in rats. METHODS Sixty four rats were used and classified into two main groups. Group I (treated for 6 weeks): naïve, FF, GF groups and Group II (treated for 14 weeks and drugs were added at the last 6 weeks): Control, high fat diet (HFD) untreated, HFD+FF, HFD+FF+folic acid (FA) and HFD+GF groups. Body weight (BW), liver index (LI), renal perfusion test (RPT), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (S.cr), plasma homocysteine (Hcy), liver function, non invasive markers of fibrosis and histopathology were done. RESULTS HFD produced significant increase (P<0.05) in BW, LI, S.cr, plasma Hcy, lipid profile and liver enzymes. It showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in GFR and RPT. These findings were correlated to the histopathology. FF through its effect on GFR and renal function induced significant increase in plasma Hcy and that decreased its effectiveness in managing NAFLD associated with hyperlipidemia. The addition of FA improved significantly its hypolipidemic and hepatotoxic effects.GF showed none of the above FF effects and this may be due to its low affinity to PPAR α. CONCLUSIONS There is preference of adding FA to FF or using GF instead in cases of NAFLD. Moreover, this work implies the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) panel diagnostic performance in diagnosis of any and moderate degree of fibrosis in rats with NAFLD.
Collapse
|