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Zhao SY, Zhao HH, Wang BH, Shao C, Pan WJ, Li SM. Rhein alleviates advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced inflammatory injury of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro and in vivo models. J Nat Med 2023; 77:898-915. [PMID: 37598111 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of death. The inflammatory response is essential in the pathogenesis of DCM. Rhein, an anthraquinone compound, is extracted from the herb rhubarb, demonstrating various biological activities. However, it is unclear whether rhein has an anti-inflammatory effect in treating DCM. In our research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties as well as its possible mechanism. According to the findings in vitro, rhein could to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of NO, TNF-α, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In addition, rhein alleviated H9C2 cells inflammation injury stimulated by AGEs/macrophage conditioned medium (CM). In vivo have depicted that continuous gavage of rhein could improve cardiac function and pathological changes. Moreover, it could inhibit the accumulation of AGEs and infiltration of inflammatory factors inside the heart of rats having DCM. Mechanism study showed rhein could suppress IKKβ and IκB phosphorylation via down-regulating TRAF6 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway in AGEs/CM-induced H9C2 cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammation effect of rhein was realized through down-regulation phosphorylation of JNK MAPK. Furthermore, we found JNK MAPK could crosstalk with NF-κB pathway by regulating IκB phosphorylation without affecting IKKβ activity. And hence, the protective mechanism of rhein may involve the inhibiting of the TRAF6-NF/κB pathway, the JNK MAPK pathway, and the crosstalk between the two pathways. These results suggested that rhein may be a promising drug candidate in anti-inflammation and inflammation-related DCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Nutrition Department, LinYi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hua Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Mei Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Pansieri J, Hadley G, Lockhart A, Pisa M, DeLuca GC. Regional contribution of vascular dysfunction in white matter dementia: clinical and neuropathological insights. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1199491. [PMID: 37396778 PMCID: PMC10313211 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1199491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of adequate blood supply and vascular integrity is fundamental to ensure cerebral function. A wide range of studies report vascular dysfunction in white matter dementias, a group of cerebral disorders characterized by substantial white matter damage in the brain leading to cognitive impairment. Despite recent advances in imaging, the contribution of vascular-specific regional alterations in white matter dementia has been not extensively reviewed. First, we present an overview of the main components of the vascular system involved in the maintenance of brain function, modulation of cerebral blood flow and integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain and during aging. Second, we review the regional contribution of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disturbances in the pathogenesis of three distinct conditions: the archetypal white matter predominant neurocognitive dementia that is vascular dementia, a neuroinflammatory predominant disease (multiple sclerosis) and a neurodegenerative predominant disease (Alzheimer's). Finally, we then examine the shared landscape of vascular dysfunction in white matter dementia. By emphasizing the involvement of vascular dysfunction in the white matter, we put forward a hypothetical map of vascular dysfunction during disease-specific progression to guide future research aimed to improve diagnostics and facilitate the development of tailored therapies.
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Park TH, Lee HG, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH, Kwon S, Moon SK. A Comparative Study on the Neuroprotective Effect of Geopung-Chunghyuldan on In Vitro Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and In Vivo Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040596. [PMID: 37111353 PMCID: PMC10143156 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopung-Chunghyuldan (GCD), which is a mixture of Chunghyuldan (CD), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, and Borneolum Syntheticum, is used to treat ischemic stroke in traditional Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GCD and CD on ischemic brain damage using in vitro and in vivo stroke models, as well as to elucidate the synergistic effects of GCD against ischemic insult. To study the effect of GCD in an in vitro ischemia model, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell death after 16 h of OGD exposure was measured using the MTT assay and live/dead cell counting methods. An in vivo ischemia mice model was established through permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). To determine the neuroprotective effect of GCD, it was orally administered immediately and 2 h after pMCAO. The infarct volume was measured through 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 24 h after pMCAO. Compared with the control group, GCD treatment significantly reduced OGD-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells; however, CD treatment did not show a significant protective effect. In the pMCAO model, compared with the control group, treatment with GCD and CD significantly and mildly reduced the infarct volume, respectively. Our findings indicate that compared with CD, GCD may allow a more enhanced neuroprotective effect in acute ischemic stroke, indicating a potential synergistic neuroprotective effect. The possibility of GCD as a novel alternative choice for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyul Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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4
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Neuroprotective Effects of Geopung-Chunghyuldan Based on Its Salvianolic Acid B Content Using an In Vivo Stroke Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1613-1626. [PMID: 36826049 PMCID: PMC9955915 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geopung-Chunghyuldan (GCD) has neuroprotective properties. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix plays an essential role in GCD's effect. The Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix marker compound is salvianolic acid B; however, its content is not uniform among samples. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GCD based on salvianolic acid B content. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of GCD based on the salvianolic acid B content were evaluated by measuring infarct volume 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in an in vivo stroke model. For the experimental group, each GCD was administered immediately before surgery. The control groups were administered distilled water and aspirin (30 mg/kg) in the same way. The salvianolic acid B content in five types of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (two Chinese and three Korean regions) based on different cultivation regions was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Three samples met the Korean and Chinese Pharmacopeia standards for salvianolic acid B. However, two samples did not. GCDs with high salvianolic acid B showed marked neuroprotective effects compared to the control groups, whereas GCDs with low salvianolic acid B did not. CONCLUSIONS The salvianolic acid B content of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix affects the neuroprotection effect of GCD. Stable, raw Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix is essential for GCD homogenization.
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Whitehead SN, Bruno A, Burns JM, Carmichael ST, Csiszar A, Edwards JD, Elahi FM, Faraco G, Gould DB, Gustafson DR, Hachinski V, Rosenberg G, Sorond FA, Shih AY, Tse KH, Ungvari Z, Wilcock DM, Zuloaga KL, Barone FC. Expanding the horizon of research into the pathogenesis of the white matter diseases: Proceedings of the 2021 Annual Workshop of the Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition. GeroScience 2022; 44:25-37. [PMID: 34606040 PMCID: PMC8488071 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter pathologies are critically involved in the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment-dementia (VCID), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD), and therefore need to be considered a treatable target ( Roseborough A, Hachinski V, Whitehead S. White matter degeneration - a treatable target? Roseborough et al. JAMA Neurol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 27;77(7):793-4, [1] . To help address this often-missed area of research, several workshops have been sponsored by the Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust since 2015, resulting in the incorporation of "The Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition" in 2020. The first annual "Institute" meeting was held virtually on March 3-4, 2021. The Institute provides a forum and workspace for communication and support of the advancement of white matter science and research to better understand the evolution and prevention of dementia. It serves as a platform for young investigator development, to introduce new data and debate biology mechanisms and new ideas, and to encourage and support new research collaborations and directions to clarify how white matter changes, with other genetic and health risk factors, contribute to cognitive impairment. Similar to previous Albert Trust-sponsored workshops (Barone et al. in J Transl Med 14:1-14, [2]; Sorond et al. in GeroScience 42:81-96, [3]), established expert investigators were identified and invited to present. Opportunities to attend and present were also extended by invitation to talented research fellows and younger scientists. Also, updates on institute-funded research collaborations were provided and discussed. The summary that follows is a synopsis of topics and discussion covered in the workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Giuseppe Faraco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, Section for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, 11203, USA
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gary Rosenberg
- UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | | | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai Hei Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; Department of Neurology, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Frank C Barone
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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Intermittent fasting attenuates inflammasome-associated apoptotic and pyroptotic death in the brain following chronic hypoperfusion. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105109. [PMID: 34174333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been shown to initiate several inflammatory pathways that can contribute to cognitive deficits and memory loss in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes that may be involved in the inflammatory response to CCH has already been shown to contribute to the inflammatory process and cell death following acute cerebral ischemia. Intermittent fasting (IF) has already been shown to decrease inflammasome activation and protect the brain from ischemic stroke; however, its effects during CCH remains unknown. The present study investigated the impact of IF (16 h of food deprivation daily) for four months on inflammasome-mediated cell death in the cerebellum following CCH in a mouse model of VCI using fourteen to sixteen-week-old male C57BL/6NTac mice. Here we demonstrated that IF decreased inflammasome activation, and initiation of apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death pathways as reflected by the reduction (20-30%) in the expression levels of key effector proteins and cell death markers in the cerebellum following CCH. In summary, our results indicate that IF can attenuate the inflammatory response and cell death pathways in the brain following chronic hypoperfusion in a mouse model of VCI.
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7
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Zhang J, Liu SL, Wang H, Shi LY, Li JP, Jia LJ, Xie BP. The effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg 1 in Fufang Danshen preparation in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:153-160. [PMID: 33641786 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fufang Danshen preparation (FDP) is consisted of Salviae Miltiorrhizar Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi) and Borneolum Syntheticum (borneol). FDP is usually used to treat myocardial ischemia hypoxia, cerebral ischemia and alzheimer's disease, etc. In the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, borneol is usually used to promote the absorption and distribution of the bioactive components to proper organs, especially to the brain. The purpose of this study is investigating the effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), salvianolic acid B (SAB) and ginsenoside Rg1 in FDP. Male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given Danshen extracts, Sanqi extracts (Panax notoginsengsaponins) or simultaneously administered Danshenextracts, Sanqi extracts and borneol. Plasma and brain samples were collected at different points in time. The concentration of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1 was determined by UPLC-MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of plasma and brain tissue were calculated by using Phoenix WinNolin 6.1 software. In comparison with Danshen and Sanqi alone, there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1, and the brain distribution of SAB and TS IIA when Danshen, Sanqi and borneol were administrated together. Borneol statistically significant shortened tmax of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1 in plasma and brain, increased the bioavaiability of Rg1, inhibited metabolism of Rg1 and enhanced the transport of TS IIA and SAB to brain. These results indicated that borneol could affect the multiple targets components and produce synergistic effects. Through accelerating the intestinal absorption and brain distribution, borneol caused the effective ingredients of Danshen and Sanqi to play a quicker therapeutic role and improved the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Third Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Lu-Juan Jia
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bao-Ping Xie
- Gannan Medical University, Gannan, 341000, China
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Jang S, Ko MM, Kang BK, Jung J. Perception of metabolic diseases related to blood stasis: A survey of Korean medicine doctors. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Neurovascular unit dysregulation, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction: the shared triad of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. GeroScience 2020; 42:445-465. [PMID: 32002785 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunction is the most important predictor for loss of independence in dementia. As executive function involves the coordination of distributed cerebral functions, executive function requires healthy white matter. However, white matter is highly vulnerable to cerebrovascular insults, with executive dysfunction being a core feature of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). At the same time, cerebrovascular pathology, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction are all increasingly recognized as features of Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent studies have characterized the crucial role of glial cells in the pathological changes observed in both VCI and AD. In comorbid VCI and AD, the glial cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) emerge as important therapeutic targets for the preservation of white matter integrity and executive function. Our synthesis from current research identifies dysregulation of the NVU, white matter disease, and executive dysfunction as a fundamental triad that is common to both VCI and AD. Further study of this triad will be critical for advancing the prevention and management of dementia.
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Bang J, Kim MS, Jeon WK. Mumefural Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via Regulating the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System and Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112755. [PMID: 31766248 PMCID: PMC6893811 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) causes cognitive impairment and neurogenic inflammation by reducing blood flow. We previously showed that Fructus mume (F. mume) improves cognitive impairment and inhibits neuroinflammation in a CCH rat model. One of the components of F. mume, Mumefural (MF), is known to improve blood flow and inhibit platelet aggregation. Whether MF affects cerebral and cognitive function remains unclear. We investigated the effects of MF on cognitive impairment and neurological function-related protein expression in the rat CCH model, established by bilateral common carotid arterial occlusion (BCCAo). Three weeks after BCCAo, MF (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) was orally administrated once a day for 42 days. Using Morris water maze assessment, MF treatment significantly improved cognitive impairment. MF treatment also inhibited cholinergic system dysfunction, attenuated choline acetyltransferase-positive cholinergic neuron loss, and regulated cholinergic system-related protein expressions in the basal forebrain and hippocampus. MF also inhibited myelin basic protein degradation and increased the hippocampal expression of synaptic markers and cognition-related proteins. Moreover, MF reduced neuroinflammation, inhibited gliosis, and attenuated the activation of P2X7 receptor, TLR4/MyD88, NLRP3, and NF-κB. This study indicates that MF ameliorates cognitive impairment in BCCAo rats by enhancing neurological function and inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Bang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054; Korea; (J.B.); (M.-S.K.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054; Korea; (J.B.); (M.-S.K.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054; Korea; (J.B.); (M.-S.K.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9505
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11
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Pringsheim M, Mitter D, Schröder S, Warthemann R, Plümacher K, Kluger G, Baethmann M, Bast T, Braun S, Büttel HM, Conover E, Courage C, Datta AN, Eger A, Grebe TA, Hasse-Wittmer A, Heruth M, Höft K, Kaindl AM, Karch S, Kautzky T, Korenke GC, Kruse B, Lutz RE, Omran H, Patzer S, Philippi H, Ramsey K, Rating T, Rieß A, Schimmel M, Westman R, Zech FM, Zirn B, Ulmke PA, Sokpor G, Tuoc T, Leha A, Staudt M, Brockmann K. Structural brain anomalies in patients with FOXG1 syndrome and in Foxg1+/- mice. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:655-668. [PMID: 31019990 PMCID: PMC6469254 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective FOXG1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with heterozygous FOXG1 variants or chromosomal microaberrations in 14q12. The study aimed at assessing the scope of structural cerebral anomalies revealed by neuroimaging to delineate the genotype and neuroimaging phenotype associations. Methods We compiled 34 patients with a heterozygous (likely) pathogenic FOXG1 variant. Qualitative assessment of cerebral anomalies was performed by standardized re-analysis of all 34 MRI data sets. Statistical analysis of genetic, clinical and neuroimaging data were performed. We quantified clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes using severity scores. Telencephalic phenotypes of adult Foxg1+/- mice were examined using immunohistological stainings followed by quantitative evaluation of structural anomalies. Results Characteristic neuroimaging features included corpus callosum anomalies (82%), thickening of the fornix (74%), simplified gyral pattern (56%), enlargement of inner CSF spaces (44%), hypoplasia of basal ganglia (38%), and hypoplasia of frontal lobes (29%). We observed a marked, filiform thinning of the rostrum as recurrent highly typical pattern of corpus callosum anomaly in combination with distinct thickening of the fornix as a characteristic feature. Thickening of the fornices was not reported previously in FOXG1 syndrome. Simplified gyral pattern occurred significantly more frequently in patients with early truncating variants. Higher clinical severity scores were significantly associated with higher neuroimaging severity scores. Modeling of Foxg1 heterozygosity in mouse brain recapitulated the associated abnormal cerebral morphology phenotypes, including the striking enlargement of the fornix. Interpretation Combination of specific corpus callosum anomalies with simplified gyral pattern and hyperplasia of the fornices is highly characteristic for FOXG1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Pringsheim
- Klinik für Neuropädiatrie und Neurologische Rehabilitation Epilepsiezentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche Schön Klinik Vogtareuth Vogtareuth Germany.,Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Rehabilitation" Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Diana Mitter
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Leipzig Medical Center Leipzig Germany
| | - Simone Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Rita Warthemann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Kim Plümacher
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Gerhard Kluger
- Klinik für Neuropädiatrie und Neurologische Rehabilitation Epilepsiezentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche Schön Klinik Vogtareuth Vogtareuth Germany.,Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Rehabilitation" Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Thomas Bast
- Epilepsiezentrum Kork Kehl-Kork Germany.,Medical Faculty University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Sarah Braun
- Asklepios Children's Hospital St. Augustin Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Conover
- Department of Genetic Medicine Munroe Meyer Institute University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Carolina Courage
- Division of Human Genetics Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital University of Bern Bern Switzerland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Alexandre N Datta
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine University of Basel Children's Hospital Basel Switzerland
| | - Angelika Eger
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Leipzig (Frühe Hilfe Leipzig) Leipzig Germany
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism Phoenix Children's Hospital Phoenix Arizona USA
| | | | - Marion Heruth
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land Borna Germany
| | - Karen Höft
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH Magdeburg Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Neurologie Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stephanie Karch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Georg C Korenke
- Klinik für Neuropädiatrie und angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus Klinikum Oldenburg Germany
| | - Bernd Kruse
- Neuropediatric Department Helios-Klinikum Hildesheim Hildesheim Germany
| | - Richard E Lutz
- Department of Genetic Medicine Munroe Meyer Institute University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics University Children's Hospital Muenster Muenster Germany
| | - Steffi Patzer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Heike Philippi
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Frankfurt Mitte Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Tina Rating
- Sozialpädiatrisches Institut Klinikum Bremen-Mitte Bremen Germany
| | - Angelika Rieß
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und angewandte Genomik Universitätsklinikum Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Mareike Schimmel
- Children's Hospital Section of Neuropaediatrics Klinikum Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Rachel Westman
- Children's Specialty Center St. Luke's Children's Hospital Boise Idaho USA
| | - Frank-Martin Zech
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus Paderborn Paderborn Germany
| | - Birgit Zirn
- Genetic Counselling and Diagnostic, genetikum Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pauline A Ulmke
- Institute of Neuroanatomy University Medical Center Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Godwin Sokpor
- Institute of Neuroanatomy University Medical Center Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute of Neuroanatomy University Medical Center Georg August University Göttingen Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- 'Core Facility Medical Biometry and Statistical Bioinformatics' Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Staudt
- Klinik für Neuropädiatrie und Neurologische Rehabilitation Epilepsiezentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche Schön Klinik Vogtareuth Vogtareuth Germany
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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Sohn E, Kim YJ, Lim HS, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Hwangryunhaedok-Tang Exerts Neuropreventive Effect on Memory Impairment by Reducing Cholinergic System Dysfunction and Inflammatory Response in a Vascular Dementia Rat Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020343. [PMID: 30669383 PMCID: PMC6358959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) is a traditional oriental herbal formula used in Asian countries for treating inflammatory diseases and controlling fever. Our present study aimed to determine whether HRT has therapeutic effects for patients with vascular dementia (VaD) using a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model and assessing spatial memory impairment and activation of neuroinflammation. BCCAO was performed in male Sprague Dawley rats to induce VaD, and oral HRT was administered daily for 30 d. Our data showed that HRT ameliorated BCCAO-induced memory and cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. In addition, HRT reversed cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of BCCAO rats. Furthermore, HRT attenuated microglial activation and reduced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by BCCAO. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of HRT using index compounds from the herbal composition revealed that both HRT ethanol extract and commercial HRT granules primarily comprise geniposide, baicalin, and berberine. Our study showed that HRT administration resulted in the prevention of neuronal injury induced by BCCAO through improvement of cholinergic dysfunction and inhibition of neuroinflammatory responses, suggesting that HRT may have potential as a treatment for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Sun T, Zhang L, Li X, Chen F, Li Y, Ma X, Yu F. MicroRNA-1 and Circulating Microvesicles Mediate the Protective Effects of Dantonic in Acute Myocardial Infarction Rat Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:664. [PMID: 30319429 PMCID: PMC6166418 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the protective effect of dantonic in ischemic myocardial damage by evaluating the expression of circulating microvesicles (MVs) and microRNA-1 (miR-1) in two animal models. Methods: Two animal models of myocardial ischemia were established that were isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia (ISO-AMI) rat model and the acute myocardial infarction rat model induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD-AMI) of rat. To investigate the protective effect of dantonic, we observed the myocardial infarction size, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in serum, and the plasma levels of miR-1 and MVs. Results: The results showed that pretreatment with dantonic significantly attenuated the LAD-AMI induced myocardial damage by decreasing the size of myocardial infarction, CK, LDH, AST activities, and cTnI level in serum. High dose dantonic treatment could significantly abrogate the increased plasma levels of miR-1 and MVs as compared to the LAD rat model. In addition, pretreatment with dantonic also showed a significant myocardial protective effect through reducing the expression levels of CK, LDH, and AST as compared to the ISO-AMI model. Whereas the cTnI level was no significant difference between model group and control group, suggesting that the model caused less myocardial damage. In the ISO-induced myocardial ischemia model, there is no significant difference between the model group with the control group of MVs and miR-1 levels. This may be that miR-1 is reported as a biomarker of acute myocardial infarction. The pathological changes of IOS-induced acute myocardial ischemia model are also different from those of acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Dantonic showed the protective effect in these two ischemic myocardial injury rat models, whereas the circulating miR-1 and MVs levels were only ameliorated in the LAD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Fengfei Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Centre, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhang D, Xiao Y, Lv P, Teng Z, Dong Y, Qi Q, Liu Z. Edaravone attenuates oxidative stress induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion injury: role of ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Neurol Res 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 29125058 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1376457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The potential protective effects and mechanisms of edaravone have not been well elucidated in vascular dementia (VaD) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). The aim of this study was to investigate whether edaravone could improve cognitive damage in rats induced by CCH, and whether the effects of edaravone were associated with ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods CCH was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (sham-operated) group, vehicle (BCCAO + normal saline) group, edaravone3.0 group and edaravone6.0 group. The edaravone3.0 and edaravone6.0 group rats were provided 3.0 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg of edaravone, respectively, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection twice daily following the first day after BCCAO. In this experiment, the spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the hippocampus were measured biochemically. And, the levels of total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2), Phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), total Nrf2 (t-Nrf2), nuclear Nrf2 (n-Nrf2), and HO-1 were assessed by western blot. Results The results showed that the treatment with edaravone significantly improved CCH-induced cognitive damage, and boosted endogenous antioxidants SOD activity and HO-1 level, decreased MDA contents in the hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway which was related to ERK1/2. We also found that the neuronal morphology of the hippocampal CA1 area significantly improved and the number of Nrf2 positive cells markedly increased in the edaravone treatment groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of edaravone on hippocampus against oxidative stress and cognitive deficit induced by CCH. The mechanism may be related to the enhancement of antioxidant defense system by activating ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- a Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China.,b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yining Xiao
- b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- a Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China.,b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Zhenjie Teng
- a Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , China.,b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- b Department of Neurology , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , China
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Zhao C, Hou W, Lei H, Huang L, Wang S, Cui D, Xing C, Wang X, Peng Y. Potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate attenuates neuroinflammatory responses and upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:470-478. [PMID: 28752032 PMCID: PMC5518660 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroinflammatory response is commonly involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. Potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB), a novel neuroprotective compound, has shown promising effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke and Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of PHPB were investigated in the plasma and brain of C57BL/6 mice administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of iNOS and the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 were elevated in plasma, cerebral cortex and hippocampus after LPS injection and the number of microglia and astrocytes in cortex and hippocampus were increased. LPS also upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. PHPB reduced the levels of iNOS and cytokines in the plasma and brain, decreased the number of microglia and astrocytes and further enhanced the upregulation of HO-1. In addition, PHPB inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, P38 and JNK. These results suggest that PHPB is a potential candidate in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Wolf G, Lotan A, Lifschytz T, Ben-Ari H, Kreisel Merzel T, Tatarskyy P, Valitzky M, Mernick B, Avidan E, Koroukhov N, Lerer B. Differentially Severe Cognitive Effects of Compromised Cerebral Blood Flow in Aged Mice: Association with Myelin Degradation and Microglia Activation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:191. [PMID: 28670274 PMCID: PMC5472721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) models the effects of compromised cerebral blood flow on brain structure and function in mice. We compared the effects of BCAS in aged (21 month) and young adult (3 month) female mice, anticipating a differentially more severe effect in the older mice. Four weeks after surgery there was a significant age by time by treatment interaction on the radial-arm water maze (RAWM; p = 0.014): on the first day of the test, latencies of old mice were longer compared to the latencies of young adult mice, independent of BCAS. However, on the second day of the test, latencies of old BCAS mice were significantly longer than old control mice (p = 0.049), while latencies of old controls were similar to those of the young adult mice, indicating more severe impairment of hippocampal dependent learning and working memory by BCAS in the older mice. Fluorescence staining of myelin basic protein (MBP) showed that old age and BCAS both induced a significant decrease in fluorescence intensity. Evaluation of the number oligodendrocyte precursor cells demonstrated augmented myelin replacement in old BCAS mice (p < 0.05) compared with young adult BCAS and old control mice. While microglia morphology was assessed as normal in young adult control and young adult BCAS mice, microglia of old BCAS mice exhibited striking activation in the area of degraded myelin compared to young adult BCAS (p < 0.01) and old control mice (p < 0.05). These findings show a differentially more severe effect of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive function, myelin integrity and inflammatory processes in aged mice. Hypoperfusion may exacerbate degradation initiated by aging, which may induce more severe neuronal and cognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilly Wolf
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel.,Departments of Psychology and Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Achva Academic CollegeBe'er Tuvia, Israel
| | - Amit Lotan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzuri Lifschytz
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Ben-Ari
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel
| | - Tirzah Kreisel Merzel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalem, Israel
| | - Pavel Tatarskyy
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Valitzky
- Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel.,Neurology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Mernick
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Developmental Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of HaifaHaifa, Israel
| | - Elad Avidan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel
| | - Nickolay Koroukhov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel.,Hadassah BrainLabs-National Knowledge Center for Research on Brain DiseasesJerusalem, Israel
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Zhang T, Gu J, Wu L, Li N, Sun Y, Yu P, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z. Neuroprotective and axonal outgrowth-promoting effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats and primary hippocampal neurons exposed to hypoxia. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:137-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Electroacupuncture Improves Cognitive Deficits through Increasing Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Alleviating Inflammation in CCI Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5173168. [PMID: 28491108 PMCID: PMC5402249 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5173168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of EA on regional cerebral blood flow, cognitive deficits, inflammation, and its probable mechanisms in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) rats. Methods. Rats were assigned randomly into sham operation group (sham group) and operation group. For operation group, CCI model was performed using the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method, and then rats were further randomly divided into model group and electroacupuncture (EA) group. 2/15 Hz low-frequency pulse electric intervention was applied at “Baihui” and “Dazhui” acupoints in EA group. Four weeks later, Morris water maze test was adopted to assess the cognitive function, using laser Doppler flowmetry to test changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF); double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) to measure proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β); western blot to test the protein expression quantities of proinflammatory cytokines, JAK2, and STAT3; and RT-PCR to test JAK2 mRNA and STAT3 mRNA in the hippocampus in each group. Results. Compared with the model group, learning and memory abilities and rCBF and IL-6 expression of the EA group enhanced markedly; IL-1β and JAK2 significantly decreased; TNF-α and STAT3 also declined, but the difference was not apparent. Conclusion. Our research suggests that EA can improve cognitive deficits which may be induced by increasing rCBF and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, Han JS, Baik TG, Jeon WK. Ginkgo biloba L. extract protects against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating neuroinflammation and the cholinergic system. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1356-1364. [PMID: 27765355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)-a widely used nutraceutical-is reported to have diverse functions, including positive effects on memory and vasodilatory properties. Although numerous studies have assessed the neuroprotective properties of GBE in ischemia, only a few studies have investigated the neuro-pharmacological mechanisms of action of GBE in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). PURPOSE In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of GBE on CCH-induced neuroinflammation and cholinergic dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). METHODS Chronic BCCAo was induced in adult male Wistar rats to reflect the CCH conditions. On day 21 after BCCAo, the animals were treated orally with saline or GBE (5, 10, 20, and 40mg/kg) daily for 42 days. After the final treatment, brain tissues were isolated for the immunohistochemical analysis of glial markers and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), as well as for the western blot analysis of proinflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptor (TLR)-related pathway, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), angiotensin-II (Ang-II), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). RESULTS BCCAo increased glial proliferation in the hippocampus and white matter, whereas proliferation was significantly attenuated by GBE treatment. GBE also attenuated the BCCAo-related increases in the hippocampal expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, RAGE, Ang-II, and phosphorylated MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK). Furthermore, GBE treatment restored the ChAT expression in the basal forebrain following BCCAo. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GBE has specific neuroprotective effects that may be useful for the treatment of CCH. The pharmacological mechanism of GBE partly involves the modulation of inflammatory mediators and the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, The Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Bang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, The Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gon Baik
- Central Research Center, Yuyu Pharma. Inc., Seoul 04598, The Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, The Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, The Republic of Korea.
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Mao J, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li T, Wang C, Xu L, Hu Q, Wang X, Jiang S, Nie X, Chen G. Arsenic trioxide mediates HAPI microglia inflammatory response and subsequent neuron apoptosis through p38/JNK MAPK/STAT3 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 303:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Zeng KW, Yu Q, Liao LX, Song FJ, Lv HN, Jiang Y, Tu PF. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of MC13, a Novel Coumarin Compound From Condiment Murraya, Through Inhibiting Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TRAF6-TAK1-NF-κB, P38/ERK MAPKS and Jak2-Stat1/Stat3 Pathways. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1286-99. [PMID: 25676331 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MC13 is a novel coumarin compound found in Murraya, an economic crop whose leaves are widely used as condiment (curry) in cuisine. The aims of the present study were to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MC13 on microglia-mediated inflammatory injury model as well as potential molecular mechanism. Cell viability and apoptosis assay demonstrated that MC13 was not toxic to neurons and significantly protected neurons from microglia-mediated inflammatory injury upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Results showed that MC13 markedly inhibited LPS-induced production of various inflammatory mediators, including nitrite oxide (Griess method), TNF-α and IL-6 (ELISA assay) in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanism study showed that MC13 could suppress the activation of NF-κB, which was the central regulator for inflammatory response, and also decreased the interaction of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein (TAB2) with TAK1 and TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF6), leading to the decreased phosphorylation levels of NF-κB upstream regulators such as IκB and IκB kinase (IKK). MC13 also significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 MAPKs, which played key roles in microglia-mediated inflammatory response. Furthermore, MC13 inhibited Jak2-dependent Stat1/3 signaling pathway activation by blocking Jak2 phosphorylation, Stat1/3 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that MC13 protected neurons from microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory injury by inhibiting TRAF6-TAK1-NF-κB, p38/ERK MAPKs, and Jak2-Stat1/3 pathways. Finally, MC13 might interact with LPS and interfere LPS-binding to cell membrane surface. These findings suggested that coumarin might act as a potential medicinal agent for treating neuroinflammation as well as inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Research Studio of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Li-Xi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fang-Jiao Song
- Research Studio of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hai-Ning Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, Han JS, Kang HW, Jeon WK. Fructus mume Ethanol Extract Prevents Inflammation and Normalizes the Septohippocampal Cholinergic System in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Med Food 2015; 19:196-204. [PMID: 26714236 PMCID: PMC4754510 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus mume (F. mume), the unripe fruit of Prunus mume, has long been used in Asian countries to treat cough and chronic diarrhea. We previously reported that F. mume exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a key etiological factor of vascular dementia (VaD). The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of an ethanolic extract of F. mume on the inflammatory response and cholinergic dysfunction in a model of CCH induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) in Wistar rats. Rats were assigned to three treatment groups: sham plus vehicle, BCCAo plus vehicle, and BCCAo plus F. mume extract (200 mg/kg). F. mume was administered by oral gavage from days 21 to 42 following BCCAo. Glial cell numbers were measured in the white matter and hippocampus. The hippocampal expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, angiotensin-II (Ang-II), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) were also evaluated. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in the hippocampus and basal forebrain were examined. Rats with BCCAo showed an increase in the number of glial cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, Ang-II, RAGE, and MAPKs, all of which were significantly attenuated by F. mume treatment. F. mume administration also restored ChAT expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus following chronic BCCAo. These results suggest that F. mume is a potentially valuable drug or nutraceutical for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Bang
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- 4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- 1 Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
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Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, Kim HW, Sung SH, Han JS, Jeon WK. Salvia miltiorrhiza extract protects white matter and the hippocampus from damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:415. [PMID: 26597908 PMCID: PMC4657337 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), an herbal plant, is traditionally used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asian countries. SM has multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of SM extract in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in male Wistar rats by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo). The rats were divided into 3 groups: sham-control, BCCAo treated with vehicle, and BCCAo treated with SM extract. Vehicle or SM extract (200 mg/kg) were administered daily by oral gavage beginning on day 21 after BCCAo and continuing to day 42. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to measure Iba-1-positive microglia and myelin basic protein (MBP) in white matter and hippocampal tissue. In addition, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in the hippocampus, were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Administration of SM extract attenuated the activation of microglial cells in the white matter and hippocampus after BCCAo. SM extract also prevented neuroinflammation after BCCAo by reducing hippocampal levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increasing the reduced levels of MBP in the white matter and hippocampus. Further, the administration of SM extract alleviated the up-regulation of hippocampal TLR4 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in rats with chronic BCCAo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SM may be a promising therapeutic candidate in vascular dementia because of its protective effects against damage to the white matter and hippocampus after BCCAo.
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Jameel E, Umar T, Kumar J, Hoda N. Coumarin: A Privileged Scaffold for the Design and Development of Antineurodegenerative Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:21-38. [PMID: 26242562 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug development for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is foremost task for the medicinal chemists in the 21st century. Coumarins are exemplary of an assorted and aptitudinally useful set of drugs. Coumarins play a momentous role in several pharmacological and medicinal aspects. Its analogues are anticipated to play a significant role in the development of new therapeutic leads for NDs. Their promising applications in the field of ND medication are exemplified by clinical candidates such as nodakenin that have been potent for demoting memory impairment. Apart from ND, clinically used anticoagulant warfarin, anticoagulant dicoumarol, and antibiotic coumermycin, novobiocin and chartesium grab the interest of researchers in coumarins. It would be worthwhile to look at the different biological processes that could cause neurodegeneration, thereby establishing a link with distinct coumarin derivatives to serve the purpose of medication. This review undertakes estimation of the wide spectrum of studies focusing coumarin to the domain of drug research for ND. Herein, we search for multitarget coumarin-based inhibitors and their scope for NDs. Future challenges in coumarin-based drug development have been discussed, and emphases have been laid on the future perspectives of coumarins as possible drugs in the future for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Tarana Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
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Lee KM, Bang J, Kim BY, Lee IS, Han JS, Hwang BY, Jeon WK. Fructus mume alleviates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter and hippocampal damage via inhibition of inflammation and downregulation of TLR4 and p38 MAPK signaling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:125. [PMID: 25898017 PMCID: PMC4411748 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Fructus mume (F. mume) has been used as a traditional medicine for many years in Asian countries. The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of F. mume on white matter and hippocampal damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) was performed on male Wistar rats to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Daily oral administration of F. mume (200 mg/kg) was initiated 21 days after BCCAo and continued for 42 days. The experimental groups in this study were divided into three groups: a sham-operated group, a BCCAo group, and a BCCAo group that was administered with the F. mume extract. The activation of glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, and the levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), inflammatory mediators, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation were measured in brains from rats subjected to chronic BCCAo. Results Our results revealed that F. mume alleviates the reduction in MBP expression caused by chronic BCCAo in the white matter and the hippocampus and significantly attenuates microglial and astrocytic activation induced by chronic BCCAo in the optic tract of white matter. In addition, F. mume treatment reduced the increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the activation of TLR4/MyD88 and p38 MAPK signaling, in the hippocampus of rats subjected to chronic BCCAo. Conclusion Taken together, our findings demonstrate that brain injury induced by chronic BCCAo is ameliorated by the anti-inflammatory effects of F. mume via inhibition of MBP degradation, microglial and astrocytic activation, increased inflammatory mediator expression, and activated intracellular signalings, including TLR4 and p38 MAPK, implying that F. mume is potentially an effective therapeutics for the treatment of vascular dementia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0652-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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