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Cavalleri Sousa T, de Oliveira CB, Silva Ricardo ML, Musa de Aquino A, Scarano WR, Cruz Veras AS, Almeida Tavares ME, Teixeira GR, Castillho ACD, Pacagnelli FL, Zalotti Brandt J, de Oliveira Mendes L. Prostate histological investigation in rats exposed to bisphenol a and phytochemicals during the perinatal period and subjected to hormonal stimulus in adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:201-212. [PMID: 36319067 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2140127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmentally dispersed chemical associated with tumor development. Phytochemicals such as indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and genistein (GEN) have chemoprotective effects on tumor cells. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prostatic morphological aspects of rats exposed to BPA, GEN, and I3C during the perinatal period and submitted to hormonal stimulus in adulthood. Blood was collected to obtain hormone concentrations. Slides stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and picrosirius were subjected to fractal, stereological, morphometric, and collagen quantification analysis. I3C decreased the plasma dihydrotestosterone levels, and both phytochemicals increased the plasma estrogen levels. Unlike phytochemicals, BPA did not alter any of the parameters evaluated. GEN reduced the epithelial height, while I3C increased the fractal dimension and stromal collagen. Although BPA did not alter the prostate morphology, the phytochemicals provided beneficial effects for the prostate histological organization in adult animals subjected to hormonal stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainá Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | | | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Master Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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2
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Sousa TC, de Souza LP, Ricardo MLS, Yoshigae AY, Hinokuma KD, Gorzoni ABR, de Aquino AM, Scarano WR, de Sousa Castillho AC, Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Nai GA, de Oliveira Mendes L. Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104015-104028. [PMID: 37697193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaina Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pereira de Souza
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), R. José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Yuri Yoshigae
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anthony César de Sousa Castillho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil.
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3
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Lima BJP, de Oliveira GRL, Sousa TC, de Aquino AM, Hinokuma KD, Ricardo MLS, Scarano WR, Castilho ACDS, Pacagnelli FL, Martinez FE, Mendes LDO. Fractal analysis is a useful tool for evaluating prostate tissue remodeling caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230072. [PMID: 37795198 PMCID: PMC10546910 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol has been widely consumed for centuries and is linked to the aggravation of diseases. Several studies have shown that excessive consumption of ethanol results in morphophysiological changes in the male reproductive system. One of the effects of ethanol is the decrease in testosterone concentration and hormonal therapies are an alternative to minimize the changes resulting from chronic alcoholism. Qualitative studies were commonly carried out to evaluate the male histopathological alterations resulting from ethanol consumption, being necessary quantitative and non-subjective techniques. This study analyzes the importance of fractal analysis as a useful tool to identify and quantify tissue remodeling in rats submitted to ethanol consumption and hormone therapy with testosterone. Prostate of animals submitted to chronic ethanol consumption showed tissue disorganization, which was confirmed by an increasing of fractal dimension. Regarding the prostatic stroma, collagen fractal dimension and quantification revealed lower values in animals that were only submitted to androgen therapy. Thus, we can conclude that the fractal analysis was a useful tool to quantify tissue changes caused by ethanol consumption and androgen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Jardim Pereira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Thainá Cavalleri Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Departmento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
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Legaria-Peña JU, Sánchez-Morales F, Cortés-Poza Y. Evaluation of entropy and fractal dimension as biomarkers for tumor growth and treatment response using cellular automata. J Theor Biol 2023; 564:111462. [PMID: 36921839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based models provide a helpful approach for simulating complex systems that exhibit adaptive, resilient qualities, such as cancer. Their focus on individual cell interactions makes them a particularly appropriate strategy to study cancer therapies' effects, which are often designed to disrupt single-cell dynamics. In this work, we propose them as viable methods for studying the time evolution of cancer imaging biomarkers (IBM). We propose a cellular automata model for tumor growth and three different therapies: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, following well-established modeling procedures documented in the literature. The model generates a sequence of tumor images, from which a time series of two biomarkers: entropy and fractal dimension, is obtained. Our model shows that the fractal dimension increased faster at the onset of cancer cell dissemination. At the same time, entropy was more responsive to changes induced in the tumor by the different therapy modalities. These observations suggest that the prognostic value of the proposed biomarkers could vary considerably with time. Thus, it is essential to assess their use at different stages of cancer and for different imaging modalities. Another observation derived from the results was that both biomarkers varied slowly when the applied therapy attacked cancer cells scattered along the automatons' area, leaving multiple independent clusters of cells at the end of the treatment. Thus, patterns of change of simulated biomarkers time series could reflect on essential qualities of the spatial action of a given cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Uriel Legaria-Peña
- IIMAS, Unidad Académica de Yucatán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Yuc., Mexico
| | - Félix Sánchez-Morales
- IIMAS, Unidad Académica de Yucatán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Yuc., Mexico
| | - Yuriria Cortés-Poza
- IIMAS, Unidad Académica de Yucatán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Yuc., Mexico.
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5
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Donato I, Velpula KK, Tsung AJ, Tuszynski JA, Sergi CM. Demystifying neuroblastoma malignancy through fractal dimension, entropy, and lacunarity. TUMORI JOURNAL 2023:3008916221146208. [PMID: 36645143 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221146208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid tumor with a prognosis associated with histology and age of the patient, which are the parameters of the well-established current classification (Shimada classification). Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma patients is still poor. Therefore, there is a continuous need to stratify the children suffering from this tumor. A mathematical and computational approach is proposed to enable automatic and precise cancer diagnosis on the histological slide. METHODS We targeted the complexity of neuroblastoma by calculating its image entropy (S), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity (λ) in a combined mathematical code. First, we tested the proposed method for patient-derived glioma images. It allowed distinguishing between normal brain tissue, grade II, and grade III glioma, which harbor different outcomes. RESULTS In neuroblastoma, our analysis of image's FD, S, and λ combined with a machine learning algorithm automatically predicted tumor malignancy with a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82. FD, S, and λ distinguish between neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, but they only partially differentiate between the normal samples and the other classes. Ganglioneuroma, the most differentiated form, and poorly-differentiated neuroblastoma display different values of FD, S, and λ. CONCLUSIONS FD, S, and λ of imaging recognize groups in neuroblastic tumors. We suggest that future studies including these features may challenge the current Shimada classification of neuroblastoma with categories of favorable and unfavorable histology. It is expected that this methodology could trigger multicenter studies and potentially find practical use in the clinical setting of children's hospitals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Donato
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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6
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Ertugrul BY, Veli İ. Evaluating the effects of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and conventional brackets on mandibular condyle bone quality using fractal dimension analysis of panoramic radiographs. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:538-545. [PMID: 35688416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Orthodontic treatment carried out with clear aligners has become a method that is preferred by patients. In this study, the effect following orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and with conventional brackets, on the mandibular condyle trabecular bone formation is aimed to be examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two individuals (16 females and 16 males) with a mean age of 16.80 ± 3,10 years who received orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and conventional brackets were included in the study. Individuals included in the study from the archive data were divided into two groups according to treatment types. The mandibular condyle bone quality in the panoramic images taken from the patients before orthodontic treatment (T0) and after orthodontic treatment (T1) has been compared retrospectively. This examination is carried out via the fractal analysis method. RESULT The mandibular condyle bone density in individuals that have undergone orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, has been reduced following orthodontic treatment. In individuals that have undergone orthodontic treatment with conventional brackets however the mandibular condyle bone density has increased following treatment (T0) in comparison to before being treated (T1). The mandibular condyle bone density change according to different treatment groups has been found to be statistically different. CONCLUSION Orthodontic treatment with clear aligners provides several advantages to patients. However, besides determining the effectiveness of the treatment, complications must also be examined. Application of clear aligners in orthodontic treatment may cause a decrease in bone density in the mandibular condyle. When evaluating orthodontic treatments carried out with clear aligners, the change of the mandibular condyle head bone should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Veli
- Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Izmir, Turkey
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Bellahreche Z, Semiane N, Mallek A, Dahmani Y. High-fat/high-carbohydrate-diet short- and middle-term effects on gerbil adrenal zona fasciculata histology. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baranwal M, Krishnan S, Oneka M, Frankel T, Rao A. CGAT: Cell Graph ATtention Network for Grading of Pancreatic Disease Histology Images. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727610. [PMID: 34671349 PMCID: PMC8522581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive malignancies of the pancreas, is crucial to avoid metastatic spread to other body regions. Detection of pancreatic cancer is typically carried out by assessing the distribution and arrangement of tumor and immune cells in histology images. This is further complicated due to morphological similarities with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and the co-occurrence of precursor lesions in the same tissue. Most of the current automated methods for grading pancreatic cancers rely on extensive feature engineering involving accurate identification of cell features or utilising single number spatially informed indices for grading purposes. Moreover, sophisticated methods involving black-box approaches, such as neural networks, do not offer insights into the model's ability to accurately identify the correct disease grade. In this paper, we develop a novel cell-graph based Cell-Graph Attention (CGAT) network for the precise classification of pancreatic cancer and its precursors from multiplexed immunofluorescence histology images into the six different types of pancreatic diseases. The issue of class imbalance is addressed through bootstrapping multiple CGAT-nets, while the self-attention mechanism facilitates visualization of cell-cell features that are likely responsible for the predictive capabilities of the model. It is also shown that the model significantly outperforms the decision tree classifiers built using spatially informed metric, such as the Morisita-Horn (MH) indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Baranwal
- Division of Data & Decision Sciences, Tata Consultancy Services Research, Mumbai, India.,Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Santhoshi Krishnan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan Oneka
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Timothy Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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da Silva LG, da Silva Monteiro WRS, de Aguiar Moreira TM, Rabelo MAE, de Assis EACP, de Souza GT. Fractal dimension analysis as an easy computational approach to improve breast cancer histopathological diagnosis. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:6. [PMID: 33929635 PMCID: PMC8087740 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathology is a well-established standard diagnosis employed for the majority of malignancies, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite training and standardization, it is considered operator-dependent and errors are still a concern. Fractal dimension analysis is a computational image processing technique that allows assessing the degree of complexity in patterns. We aimed here at providing a robust and easily attainable method for introducing computer-assisted techniques to histopathology laboratories. Slides from two databases were used: A) Breast Cancer Histopathological; and B) Grand Challenge on Breast Cancer Histology. Set A contained 2480 images from 24 patients with benign alterations, and 5429 images from 58 patients with breast cancer. Set B comprised 100 images of each type: normal tissue, benign alterations, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. All images were analyzed with the FracLac algorithm in the ImageJ computational environment to yield the box count fractal dimension (Db) results. Images on set A on 40x magnification were statistically different (p = 0.0003), whereas images on 400x did not present differences in their means. On set B, the mean Db values presented promissing statistical differences when comparing. Normal and/or benign images to in situ and/or invasive carcinoma (all p < 0.0001). Interestingly, there was no difference when comparing normal tissue to benign alterations. These data corroborate with previous work in which fractal analysis allowed differentiating malignancies. Computer-aided diagnosis algorithms may beneficiate from using Db data; specific Db cut-off values may yield ~ 99% specificity in diagnosing breast cancer. Furthermore, the fact that it allows assessing tissue complexity, this tool may be used to understand the progression of the histological alterations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Glaucio da Silva
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of Juiz de Fora, Alameda Salvaterra, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 200 - 36033-003, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Medeiros de Aguiar Moreira
- Department of Biology - Genetics - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Esteves Rabelo
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of Juiz de Fora, Alameda Salvaterra, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 200 - 36033-003, Brazil
| | - Emílio Augusto Campos Pereira de Assis
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of Juiz de Fora, Alameda Salvaterra, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 200 - 36033-003, Brazil
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Dairy Cattle, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 610 - 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Torres de Souza
- Department of Biology - Genetics - Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil.
- Center for Investigation and Diagnosis of Pathological Anatomy, Avenida Itamar Franco, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 4001 - 36033-318, Brazil.
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10
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Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Alcolea MP, Sawyer T, Williams C, Fitzpatrick CRM, Jones PH, di Pietro M, Fitzgerald RC, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. Quantitative phase and polarization imaging through an optical fiber applied to detection of early esophageal tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 31840442 PMCID: PMC7006047 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phase and polarization of coherent light are highly perturbed by interaction with microstructural changes in premalignant tissue, holding promise for label-free detection of early tumors in endoscopically accessible tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract. Flexible optical multicore fiber (MCF) bundles used in conventional diagnostic endoscopy and endomicroscopy scramble phase and polarization, restricting clinicians instead to low-contrast amplitude-only imaging. We apply a transmission matrix characterization approach to produce full-field en-face images of amplitude, quantitative phase, and resolved polarimetric properties through an MCF. We first demonstrate imaging and quantification of biologically relevant amounts of optical scattering and birefringence in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We present an entropy metric that enables imaging of phase heterogeneity, indicative of disordered tissue microstructure associated with early tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of phase and polarization information enables label-free visualization of early tumors in esophageal mouse tissues, which are not identifiable using conventional amplitude-only information.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. D. Gordon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria P. Alcolea
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Sawyer
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip H. Jones
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Milosavljević J, Zaletel I, Puškaš N. Quantification of thioacetamide-induced liver necrosis using fractal analysis. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/mp69-12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Sahay P, Almabadi HM, Ghimire HM, Skalli O, Pradhan P. Light localization properties of weakly disordered optical media using confocal microscopy: application to cancer detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15428-15440. [PMID: 28788968 PMCID: PMC5557329 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel technique to quantify submicron scale mass density fluctuations in weakly disordered heterogeneous optical media using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Our method is based on the numerical evaluation of the light localization properties of an 'optical lattice' constructed from the pixel intensity distributions of images obtained with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate that the technique reveals differences in the mass density fluctuations of the fluorescently labeled molecules between normal and cancer cells, and that it has the potential to quantify the degree of malignancy of cancer cells. Potential applications of the technique to other disease situations or characterizing disordered samples are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeyush Sahay
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Huda M. Almabadi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Hemendra M. Ghimire
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Integrated Microscopy Center, University of Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, BioNanoPhotonics Laboratory, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
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González MM, Joa JAG, Cabrales LEB, Pupo AEB, Schneider B, Kondakci S, Ciria HMC, Reyes JB, Jarque MV, Mateus MAO, González TR, Brooks SCA, Cáceres JLH, González GVS. Is cancer a pure growth curve or does it follow a kinetics of dynamical structural transformation? BMC Cancer 2017; 17:174. [PMID: 28270135 PMCID: PMC5339962 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unperturbed tumor growth kinetics is one of the more studied cancer topics; however, it is poorly understood. Mathematical modeling is a useful tool to elucidate new mechanisms involved in tumor growth kinetics, which can be relevant to understand cancer genesis and select the most suitable treatment. METHODS The classical Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami as well as the modified Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami models to describe unperturbed fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor growth are used and compared with the Gompertz modified and Logistic models. Viable tumor cells (1×105) are inoculated to 28 BALB/c male mice. RESULTS Modified Gompertz, Logistic, Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami classical and modified Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami models fit well to the experimental data and agree with one another. A jump in the time behaviors of the instantaneous slopes of classical and modified Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami models and high values of these instantaneous slopes at very early stages of tumor growth kinetics are observed. CONCLUSIONS The modified Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation can be used to describe unperturbed fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor growth. It reveals that diffusion-controlled nucleation/growth and impingement mechanisms are involved in tumor growth kinetics. On the other hand, tumor development kinetics reveals dynamical structural transformations rather than a pure growth curve. Tumor fractal property prevails during entire TGK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraelys Morales González
- Pharmacy Department, Oriente University, Natural Science Faculty, Patricio Lumumba Street, Santiago de Cuba, 90500, Cuba
| | - Javier Antonio González Joa
- National Center of Seismology Research, Street 7 # 2 between L and M, Terraza, Santiago de Cuba, 90400, Cuba
| | - Luis Enrique Bergues Cabrales
- Research and Innovation Department, Oriente University, National Center of Applied Electromagnetism, Ave. Las Américas, Santiago de Cuba, 90400, Cuba.
| | - Ana Elisa Bergues Pupo
- Physics Department, Oriente University, Natural Sciences Faculty, Patricio Lumumba Street, Santiago de Cuba, 90500, Cuba
| | - Baruch Schneider
- Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Department of Mathematics, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, 353300, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kondakci
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Department of Computer Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, 353300, Turkey
| | - Héctor Manuel Camué Ciria
- Research and Innovation Department, Oriente University, National Center of Applied Electromagnetism, Ave. Las Américas, Santiago de Cuba, 90400, Cuba
| | - Juan Bory Reyes
- ESIME-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, 07738, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tamara Rubio González
- Dirección Municipal de Salud Pública, Servicio de Genética, Santiago de Cuba, 90500, Cuba
| | | | - José Luis Hernández Cáceres
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Diez de Octubre", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Avenida Independencia No. 8126, Esquina a Calle 100, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
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Pacagnelli FL, Sabela AKDDA, Mariano TB, Ozaki GAT, Castoldi RC, Carmo EMD, Carvalho RF, Tomasi LC, Okoshi K, Vanderlei LCM. Fractal Dimension in Quantifying Experimental-Pulmonary-Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2016; 107:33-9. [PMID: 27223643 PMCID: PMC4976954 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right-sided heart failure has high morbidity and mortality, and may be caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Fractal dimension is a differentiated and innovative method used in histological evaluations that allows the characterization of irregular and complex structures and the quantification of structural tissue changes. OBJECTIVE To assess the use of fractal dimension in cardiomyocytes of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, in addition to providing histological and functional analysis. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 8) and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (M; n = 8). Five weeks after pulmonary arterial hypertension induction with monocrotaline, echocardiography was performed and the animals were euthanized. The heart was dissected, the ventricles weighed to assess anatomical parameters, and histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for fractal dimension analysis, performed using box-counting method. Data normality was tested (Shapiro-Wilk test), and the groups were compared with non-paired Student t test or Mann Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Higher fractal dimension values were observed in group M as compared to group C (1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.37 ± 0.04; p < 0.05). Echocardiography showed lower pulmonary artery flow velocity, pulmonary acceleration time and ejection time values in group M, suggesting function worsening in those animals. CONCLUSION The changes observed confirm pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction, and point to fractal dimension as an effective method to evaluate cardiac morphological changes induced by ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edna Maria do Carmo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, FCT, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katashi Okoshi
- Faculdade de Medicina, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Fractal analysis and Gray level co-occurrence matrix method for evaluation of reperfusion injury in kidney medulla. J Theor Biol 2016; 397:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fractal analysis and the diagnostic usefulness of silver staining nucleolar organizer regions in prostate adenocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:250265. [PMID: 26366372 PMCID: PMC4558419 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma often requires complementary methods. On prostate biopsy tissue from 39 patients including benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), and adenocarcinomas, we have performed combined histochemical-immunohistochemical stainings for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and glandular basal cells. After ascertaining the pathology, we have analyzed the number, roundness, area, and fractal dimension of individual AgNORs or of their skeleton-filtered maps. We have optimized here for the first time a combination of AgNOR morphological denominators that would reflect best the differences between these pathologies. The analysis of AgNORs' roundness, averaged from large composite images, revealed clear-cut lower values in adenocarcinomas compared to benign and atypical lesions but with no differences between different Gleason scores. Fractal dimension (FD) of AgNOR silhouettes not only revealed significant lower values for global cancer images compared to AAH and BNH images, but was also able to differentiate between Gleason pattern 2 and Gleason patterns 3–5 adenocarcinomas. Plotting the frequency distribution of the FDs for different pathologies showed clear differences between all Gleason patterns and BNH. Together with existing morphological classifiers, AgNOR analysis might contribute to a faster and more reliable machine-assisted screening of prostatic adenocarcinoma, as an essential aid for pathologists.
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Waliszewski P, Wagenlehner F, Kribus S, Schafhauser W, Weidner W, Gattenlöhner S. [Objective grading of prostate carcinoma based on fractal dimensions: Gleason 3 + 4= 7a ≠ Gleason 4 + 3 =7b]. Urologe A 2015; 53:1504-11. [PMID: 25015793 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant intra- and interobserver variability ranging between 40 and 80% is observed in tumor grading of prostate carcinoma. By combining geometric and statistical methods, an objective system of grading can be designed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The distributions of cell nuclei in two-dimensional patterns of prostate cancer classified subjectively as Gleason score 3+3, 3+4, 4+3, 4+4, 4+5, 5+4, and 5+5 were analyzed with algorithms measuring the global fractal dimensions of the Rényi family and with the algorithm for the local connected fractal dimension (LCFD). RESULTS The dimensions for global fractal capacity, information, and correlation (standard deviation) were 1.470 (045), 1.528 (046), and 1.582 (099) for homogenous Gleason grade 3 (n = 16), 1.642 (034), 1.678 (041), and 1.673 (084) for homogenous Gleason grade 4 (n=18), and 1.797 (042), 1.791 (026), and 1.854 (031) for homogenous Gleason grade 5 (n=12), respectively. The LCFD algorithm can be used to distinguish both qualitatively and quantitatively between mixed and heterogeneous patterns, such as Gleason score 3+4=7a (intermediate risk cancer) and Gleason score 4+3=7b (high-risk cancer). Sensitivity of the method is 89.3%, and specificity 84.3%. CONCLUSION The method of fractal geometry enables both an objective and quantitative grading of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Waliszewski
- Klinik für Urologie, Andrologie und Kinderurologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Rudolf-Buchheim-Straße 7, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland,
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Waliszewski P, Wagenlehner F, Gattenlöhner S, Weidner W. On the relationship between tumor structure and complexity of the spatial distribution of cancer cell nuclei: a fractal geometrical model of prostate carcinoma. Prostate 2015; 75:399-414. [PMID: 25545623 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A risk of the prostate cancer patient is defined by both the objective and subjective criteria, that is, PSA concentration, Gleason score, and pTNM-stage. The subjectivity of tumor grading influences the risk assessment owing to a large inter- and intra-observer variability. Pathologists propose a central prostate pathology review as a remedy for this problem; yet, the review cannot eliminate the subjectivity from the diagnostic algorithm. The spatial distribution of cancer cell nuclei changes during tumor progression. It implies changes in complexity measured by the capacity dimension D0, the information dimension D1, and the correlation dimension D2. METHODS The cornerstone of the approach is a model of prostate carcinomas composed of the circular fractals CF(4), CF(6 + 0), and CF(6 + 1). This model is both geometrical and analytical, that is, its structure is well-defined, the capacity fractal dimension D0 can be calculated for the infinite circular fractals, and the dimensions D0, D1, D2 can be computed for their finite counterparts representing distribution of cell nuclei. The model enabled both the calibration of the software and the validation of the measurements in 124 prostate carcinomas. The ROC analysis defined the cut-off D0 values for seven classes of complexity. RESULTS The Gleason classification matched in part with the classification based on the D0 values. The mean ROC sensitivity was 81.3% and the mean ROC specificity 75.2%. Prostate carcinomas were re-stratified into seven classes of complexity according to their D0 values. This increased both the mean ROC sensitivity and the mean ROC specificity to 100%. All homogeneous Gleason patterns were subordinated to the class C1, C4, or C7. D0 = 1.5820 was the cut-off D0 value between the complexity class C2 and C3 representing low-risk cancers and intermediate-risk cancers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The global fractal dimensions eliminate the subjectivity in the diagnostic algorithm of prostate cancer. Those complexity measures enable the objective subordination of carcinomas to the well-defined complexity classes, and define subgroups of carcinomas with very low malignant potential (complexity class C1) or at a large risk of progression (complexity ass C7).
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Oliveira MABD, Brandi AC, Santos CAD, Botelho PHH, Cortez JLL, Godoy MFD, Braile DM. Comparison of fractal dimension and Shannon entropy in myocytes from rats treated with histidine-tryptophan-glutamate and histidine-tryptophan cetoglutarate. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 29:156-62. [PMID: 25140464 PMCID: PMC4389459 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solutions that cause elective cardiac arrest are constantly evolving, but the ideal compound has not yet been found. The authors compare a new cardioplegic solution with histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (Group 2) and other one with histidine-tryptophan-cetoglutarate (Group 1) in a model of isolated rat heart. OBJECTIVE To quantify the fractal dimension and Shannon entropy in rat myocytes subjected to cardioplegia solution using histidine-tryptophan with glutamate in an experimental model, considering the caspase markers, IL-8 and KI-67. METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, the heart was withdrawn and 40 ml/kg of cardioplegia (with histidine-tryptophan-cetoglutarate or histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution) was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 min with Ringer-Locke solution. Analyzes were performed for immunohistochemical caspase, IL-8 and KI-67. RESULTS The fractal dimension and Shannon entropy were not different between groups histidine-tryptophan-glutamate and histidine-tryptophan-acetoglutarate. CONCLUSION The amount of information measured by Shannon entropy and the distribution thereof (given by fractal dimension) of the slices treated with histidine-tryptophan-cetoglutarate and histidine-tryptophan-glutamate were not different, showing that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution is as good as histidine-tryptophan-acetoglutarate to preserve myocytes in isolated rat heart.
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Sirri R, Bianco C, De Vico G, Carella F, Bonaldo A, Sarli G, Tondini G, Mandrioli L. Proliferation, apoptosis, and fractal dimension analysis for the quantification of intestinal trophism in sole (Solea solea) fed mussel meal diets. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:148. [PMID: 24997003 PMCID: PMC4094408 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of intestinal trophism, mainly the mucosal layer, is an important issue in various conditions associated with injury, atrophy, recovery, and healing of the gut. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the kinetics of the proliferation and apoptosis of enterocytes by immunohistochemistry and to assess the complexity of intestinal mucosa by fractal dimension (FD) analysis in Solea solea fed different experimental diets. Results Histomorphological evaluation of all intestinal segments did not show signs of degeneration or inflammation. Cell proliferation index and FD were significantly reduced with a diet high in mussel meal (MM; p = 0.0034 and p = 0.01063, respectively), while apoptotic index did not show any significant difference for the same comparison (p = 0.3859). Linear regression analysis between apoptotic index (independent variable) and FD (dependent variable) showed a statistically significant inverse relationship (p = 0.002528). Linear regression analysis between cell proliferation index (independent variable) and FD (dependent variable) did not show any significant correlation (p = 0.131582). Conclusions The results demonstrated that diets containing increasing levels of mussel meal in substitution of fishmeal did not incite a hyperplastic response of the intestinal mucosa. The mussel meal, which is derived from molluscs, could mimic the characteristics of the sole’s natural prey, being readily digestible, even without increasing the absorptive surface of intestinal mucosa. Interestingly, from this study emerged that FD could be used as a numeric indicator complementary to in situ quantification methods to measure intestinal trophism, in conjunction with functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Sirri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Stratification of gene coexpression patterns and GO function mining for a RNA-Seq data series. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:969768. [PMID: 24955372 PMCID: PMC4052503 DOI: 10.1155/2014/969768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA-Seq is emerging as an increasingly important tool in biological research, and it provides the most direct evidence of the relationship between the physiological state and molecular changes in cells. A large amount of RNA-Seq data across diverse experimental conditions have been generated and deposited in public databases. However, most developed approaches for coexpression analyses focus on the coexpression pattern mining of the transcriptome, thereby ignoring the magnitude of gene differences in one pattern. Furthermore, the functional relationships of genes in one pattern, and notably among patterns, were not always recognized. In this study, we developed an integrated strategy to identify differential coexpression patterns of genes and probed the functional mechanisms of the modules. Two real datasets were used to validate the method and allow comparisons with other methods. One of the datasets was selected to illustrate the flow of a typical analysis. In summary, we present an approach to robustly detect coexpression patterns in transcriptomes and to stratify patterns according to their relative differences. Furthermore, a global relationship between patterns and biological functions was constructed. In addition, a freely accessible web toolkit “coexpression pattern mining and GO functional analysis” (COGO) was developed.
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Klein K, Maier T, Hirschfeld-Warneken VC, Spatz JP. Marker-free phenotyping of tumor cells by fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5474-9. [PMID: 24079895 PMCID: PMC3831548 DOI: 10.1021/nl4030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenotyping of tumor cells by marker-free quantification is important for cancer diagnostics. For the first time, fractal analysis of reflection interference contrast microscopy images of single living cells was employed as a new method to distinguish between different nanoscopic membrane features of tumor cells. Since tumor progression correlates with a higher degree of chaos within the cell, it can be quantified mathematically by fractality. Our results show a high accuracy in identifying malignant cells with a failure chance of 3%, which is far better than today's applied methods.
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