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Miyahara S, Jenke A, Yazdanyar M, Kistner J, Immohr MB, Sugimura Y, Aubin H, Kamiya H, Okita Y, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. The combination approach with Rho-kinase inhibition and mechanical circulatory support in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Rho-kinase inhibition and ventricular unloading. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2022; 30:894-905. [PMID: 35837687 PMCID: PMC9513506 DOI: 10.1177/02184923221114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background It remains unclear whether the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition in combination
with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) had a synergic protective effect
on myocardial ischemia (MI)/reperfusion injury in therapeutic strategies for
acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We report the results of an approach
using a rat model consisting of a miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
and AMI. Methods A total of 25 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: (1) Sham: a
suture was passed under the left anterior descending artery (LAD) creating
no MI. A vehicle solution (0.9% saline) was injected intraperitoneally. (2)
Myocardial ischemia (MI) + vehicle (MI + V): LAD was ligated for 30 min and
reperfused for 120 min, followed by administration of vehicle solution. (3)
MI + fasudil (MI + F): the work sequence of group 2, but the selective ROCK
inhibitor fasudil (10 mg/kg) was administered instead. (4) MI + V + CPB: CPB
was initiated 15 min after the ligation of the LAD to the end of the
reperfusion, in addition to the work sequence in group 2. (5) In the
MI + F + CPB group, the work sequence of group 4, but with fasudil
administration (10 mg/kg). Results Measurements of cardiac function through conductance catheter indicated that
the drop of + dP/dt after reperfusion was moderately limited in MI + F + CPB
(vs. MI + V, dP/dt p = 0.22). The preload recruitable
stroke work was moderately improved in the MI + F + CPB
(p = 0.23) compared with the corresponding control animals
(MI + V). Phosphorylated protein kinase B expression in the MI + V + CPB and
MI + F + CPB was higher than that in MI + V (p = 0.33). Conclusion Therefore, fasudil administration with MCS resulted in a moderately better
left ventricular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyahara
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Jenke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariam Yazdanyar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Kistner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yukiharu Sugimura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 38051Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, 38303Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, 9170Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wang H, Fang F, Chen S, Jing X, Zhuang Y, Xie Y. Dual efficacy of Fasudil at improvement of survival and reinnervation of flap through RhoA/ROCK/PI3K/Akt pathway. Int Wound J 2022; 19:2000-2011. [PMID: 35315211 PMCID: PMC9705174 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasudil is reported to be effective at protecting against ischaemic diseases, and at augmenting axon growth. In this study, we aim to evaluate its efficacy in promoting flap survival and reinnervation. Ninety-two Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used and divided into the control, Fasudil, LY294002, Fasudil+LY294002 groups, receiving a daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, Fasudil (10 mg/kg), LY294002 (5 mg/kg), and Fasudil (10 mg/kg) + LY294002 (5 mg/kg), respectively. On days 0 and 5, the blood perfusion and diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle of the flaps in the four groups were evaluated using laser speckling contrast imaging (LSCI). On day 5, the flaps were photographed and the necrosis rate of the flaps was calculated using Photoshop CS6. In addition, tissues were harvested from the flaps and divided into two parts. One part underwent routine cryosection and immunofluorescent staining using the antibody against CD31 for evaluation of the microvascular density in the four groups. In the other part, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1+2, p-CPI-17, p-MYPT, p-PTEN, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the flaps were determined using western blotting. Moreover, at days 0, 7, 15, and 30 after flap surgery, the axons within the flaps were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining with the antibody against Neurofilament-200. It turned out that the necrosis rate was (24.4 ± 7.7)%, (5.2 ± 1.6)%, (29.8 ± 4.2)%, and (30.9 ± 7.1)%, respectively, in the control, Fasudil, LY294002, LY294002+Fasudil groups. There was a significant reduction in the necrosis rate of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .001). The LSCI and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that Fasudil could significantly expand the diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle, boost the overall blood perfusion, and increase the microvascular density of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .05), which could all be abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. On day 5, the expression of p-CPI-17, p-MYPT, and p-PTEN were downregulated, whereas pPI3K, p-Akt, and VEGF were upregulated in the Fasudil group (P < .001). As for reinnervation, Neurofilament-200 fluorescent staining revealed that at days 15 and 30 after flap harvest, only in the Fasudil group could new axons be observed. It can be concluded that Fasudil could simultaneously improve the survival and axon growth after flap harvest, a dual efficacy achieved by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, which in turn activates /PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Orthopedic Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Clinical Applied Anatomy, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Clinical Applied Anatomy, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Clinical Applied Anatomy, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Orthopedic Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Li J, Zhou W, Chen W, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yu T. Mechanism of the hypoxia inducible factor 1/hypoxic response element pathway in rat myocardial ischemia/diazoxide post‑conditioning. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1527-1536. [PMID: 32016463 PMCID: PMC7003038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic post-conditioning (IPO) and diazoxide post-conditioning (DPO) has been proven to reduce myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI); however, the mechanisms of IPO/DPO are still not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) channels are activated by IPO/DPO, which may further activate the hypoxia inducible factor 1/hypoxic response element (HIF-1/HRE) pathway to mitigate MIRI. Using a Langendorff perfusion device, healthy male (250–300 g) Sprague Dawley rat hearts were randomly divided into the following groups. Group N was aerobically perfused with K-H solution for 120 min. Group ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) was aerobically perfused for 20 min, then subjected to 40 min hypoxia plus 60 min reperfusion. Group IPO was treated like the I/R group, but with 10 sec of hypoxia plus 10 sec of reperfusion for six rounds before reperfusion. Group DPO was exposed to 50 µM diazoxide for 5 min before reperfusion and otherwise treated the same as group I/R. In groups IPO+5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD), DPO+5HD and I/R+5HD, exposure to 100 µM 5HD (a mitoKATP channel specific blocker) for 5 min before reperfusion as described for groups IPO, DPO and I/R, respectively. In groups IPO+2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), DPO+2ME2 and I/R+2ME2, exposure to 2 µM 2ME2 (a HIF-1α specific blocker) for 10 min before reperfusion as described for groups IPO, DPO and I/R respectively. Cardiac hemodynamics, myocardial injury and the expression of HIF-1/HRE pathway [HIF-1α, heme oxygenase (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were detected in each group. The infarct size and mitochondrial Flameng scores of groups IPO/DPO were significantly decreased compared with the I/R group (P<0.05), but the myocardial protective effects of IPO/DPO could be eliminated by 5HD or 2ME2 (P<0.05). In addition, IPO/DPO could increase the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and the downstream factors of the HIF-1/HRE pathway (the mRNA and protein expression of HO-1, iNOS and VEGF; P<0.05). However, the myocardial protective effects and the activation the HIF-1/HRE pathway mediated by IPO/DPO could be eliminated by 5HD or 2ME2 (P<0.05). Therefore, the activation of the HIF-1/HRE pathway by opening mitoKATP channels may work with the mechanism of IPO/DPO in reducing MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Song YJ, Dai CX, Li M, Cui MM, Ding X, Zhao XF, Wang CL, Li ZL, Guo MY, Fu YY, Wen XR, Qi DS, Wang YL. The potential role of HO-1 in regulating the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 module scaffolded by JIP1 during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:528-535. [PMID: 30412737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO-1), which may be induced by Cobaltic protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPPIX) or Rosiglitazone (Ros), is a neuroprotective agent that effectively reduces ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that the neuroprotective mechanisms of HO-1 are related to JNK signaling. The expression of HO-1 protects cells from death through the JNK signaling pathway. This study aimed to ascertain whether the neuroprotective effect of HO-1 depends on the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module scaffolded by JIP1 and further influences the JNK signal transmission through HO-1. Prior to the ischemia-reperfusion experiment, CoPPIX was injected through the lateral ventricle for 5 consecutive days or Ros was administered via intraperitoneal administration in the week prior to transient ischemia. Our results demonstrated that HO-1 could inhibit the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module scaffolded by JIP1 and could ultimately diminish the phosphorylation of JNK3. Furthermore, the inhibition of JNK3 phosphorylation downregulated the level of p-c-Jun and elevated neuronal cell death in the CA1 of the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings suggested that HO-1 could ameliorate brain injury by regulating the MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 signaling module, which was scaffolded by JIP1 and JNK signaling during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Dai
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Man Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xin Ding
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Cai-Lin Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ling Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Guo
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; School of Basic Education Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
| | - Da-Shi Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China.
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5
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Huang YY, Wu JM, Su T, Zhang SY, Lin XJ. Fasudil, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, Exerts Cardioprotective Function in Animal Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1083. [PMID: 30327600 PMCID: PMC6174418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, has shown outstanding therapeutic effects against cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in humans. Studies show various biological effects of fasudil in the cardiovascular system. We conducted a preclinical systematic review to determine the efficacy and possible mechanisms of fasudil on animal models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nineteen studies involving 400 animals were identified after searching 8 databases for articles published till June 2018. The methodological quality was assessed by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) 10-item checklist. The data were analyzed using Rev-Man 5.3 software, and the score of study quality ranged from 3 to 6 points. Compared to the control group, fasudil treated animals showed reduced myocardial infarct size (P < 0.05), lower levels of cardiac enzymes (P < 0.05) and cardiac troponin T (P < 0.05), improved systolic and diastolic functions (P < 0.05), and increased degree of decline in the ST-segment (P < 0.05). The possible mechanisms of fasudil action against myocardial I/R injury are improvement in coronary vasodilation, inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress, relieving inflammation, and reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and metabolism. In conclusion, fasudil exerts a cardio-protective function through multiple signaling pathways in animal models of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Overexpression of protein kinase C ɛ improves retention and survival of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in rat acute myocardial infarction. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2056. [PMID: 26775707 PMCID: PMC4816190 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of protein kinase C ɛ (PKCɛ) for improving stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from rat bone marrow. PKCɛ-overexpressed MSCs and control MSCs were transplanted into infarct border zones in a rat AMI model. MSCs and PKCɛ distribution and expression of principal proteins involved in PKCɛ signaling through the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot 1 day after transplantation. Echocardiographic measurements and histologic studies were performed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and MSC survival, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and factor VIII and apoptosis in infarct border zones were assessed. Rat heart muscles retained more MSCs and SDF-1, CXCR4, PI3K and phosphorylated AKT increased with PKCɛ overexpression 1 day after transplantation. MSC survival and VEGF, bFGF, TGFβ, cTnI, vWF, SMA and factor VIII expression increased in animals with PKCɛ-overexpressed MSCs at 4 weeks after transplantation and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling improved. Infarct size and apoptosis decreased as well. Inhibitory actions of CXCR4 or PI3K partly attenuated the effects of PKCɛ. Activation of PKCɛ may improve retention, survival and differentiation of transplanted MSCs in myocardia. Augmentation of PKCɛ expression may enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy for AMI.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Gu E, Zhu B, Zhao X, Chen J. Long-term insulin treatment restores cardioprotection induced by sufentanil postconditioning in diabetic rat heart. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:650-7. [PMID: 26748398 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215622706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufentanil, a commonly used opioid analgesic, could mimic ischemia postconditioning to attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury, but this effect might be hindered in diabetic animals by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation. Also, diabetes can abrogate the cardioprotection of sevoflurane (an inhaled anesthetic) against ischemia reperfusion injury, and short-term insulin treatment does not restore protection by sevoflurane postconditioning. We hypothesized that long-term insulin treatment might restore the cardioprotective effect of sufentanil postconditioning in diabetic rats via phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats received insulin (Novolin N, 6-8 u/d) for two days or two weeks, then were exposed to 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Sufentanil postconditioning was performed 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Controls included non-diabetic rats, sham surgery for ischemia/reperfusion, and sufentanil vehicle. Infarct size, cardiac troponin I, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β were examined. Sufentanil postconditioning reduced infarct size by 46% in non-diabetic rats (P < 0.001), but diabetes prevented this protective effect. Two-day insulin treatment was not effective, but two-week treatment reduced infarct size by 45% (P < 0.001), reduced cardiac troponin I by 33% (P < 0.001), and increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β levels (P < 0.001) in the diabetic sufentanil postconditioning group. In conclusion, sufentanil-induced cardioprotection was restored by long-term insulin treatment. The underlying mechanism may be increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Erwei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xianya Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
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8
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Abstract
Classical angina refers to typical substernal discomfort triggered by effort or emotions, relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. The well-accepted pathogenesis is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Goals in therapy are improvement in quality of life by limiting the number and severity of attacks, protection against future lethal events, and measures to lower the burden of risk factors to slow disease progression. New pathophysiological data, drugs, as well as conceptual and technological advances have improved patient care over the past decade. Behavioral changes to improve diets, increase physical activity, and encourage adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs, are difficult to achieve but are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kones
- The Cardiometabolic Research Institute, 8181 Fannin Street, Unit 314, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Umme Rumana
- The Cardiometabolic Research Institute, 8181 Fannin Street, Unit 314, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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9
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He H, Li N, Zhao Z, Han F, Wang X, Zeng Y. Ischemic postconditioning improves the expression of cellular membrane connexin 43 and attenuates the reperfusion injury in rat acute myocardial infarction. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:668-674. [PMID: 26405543 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of cellular membrane connexin 43 (Cx43) and the potential details in ischemic postconditioning (IPOC)-induced cardioprotection, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) models were generated in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating the left coronary artery anterior descending branch. The serum levels of myocardial creatases, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, infarct size, arrhythmia events, expression and distribution of Cx43, ultrastructure and apoptosis in the myocardium in different treatments with IR, IR + IPOC, IR + diazoxide or IR + IPOC + 5-hydroxydecanoate acid (5-HD) were investigated. Consequently, IPOC decreased infarct size (10.9 vs. 43.3%, P<0.01) and the levels of myocardial creatases, NO and MDA, and improved the expression (16.8 vs. 25.2% and 6.4 vs. 32.8%, after 1- and 3-h reperfusion, respectively; P<0.01) and distribution of Cx43, ultrastructure and apoptosis (19.2 vs. 42.9%, P<0.01) significantly. Diazoxide partly simulated the effects, and 5-HD attenuated but not completely abolished the effects of IPOC. In addition, the phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) level in the IR + IPOC group was lower than that in the IR + diazoxide group after 1-h reperfusion (26.1 vs. 29.4%, P>0.05); however, it was reversed after 3-h reperfusion and the p-Cx43 level in the IR + IPOC group was significantly higher than that in the IR + diazoxide group (32.8 vs. 18.7%, P<0.01). In conclusion, cell membrane Cx43 is also involved in the process of IPOC-induced cardioprotection and the improvement of membrane Cx43 is more dependent on mitochondrial KATP in the earlier phase of IPOC compared to the late phase of IPOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pudong New Area District Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Han
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zeng
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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10
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Stable ischemic heart disease. Cardiol Clin 2014; 32:333-51. [PMID: 25091962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical angina refers to typical substernal discomfort triggered by effort or emotions, relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. The well-accepted pathogenesis is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. Goals in therapy are improvement in quality of life by limiting the number and severity of attacks, protection against future lethal events, and measures to lower the burden of risk factors to slow disease progression. New pathophysiological data, drugs, as well as conceptual and technological advances have improved patient care over the past decade. Behavioral changes to improve diets, increase physical activity, and encourage adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programs, are difficult to achieve but are effective.
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11
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Wu N, Zhang X, Jia D. High‑dose fasudil preconditioning and postconditioning attenuate myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury in hypercholesterolemic rats. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:560-6. [PMID: 24271017 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasudil may induce preconditioning and postconditioning against myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury in normal rats, however, their effectivenesses in hypercholesterolemia remains to be determined. The study aimed to investigate whether fasudil induces preconditioning and postconditioning in hypercholesterolemic rats and to determine the roles of the phosphoinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and mitochondrial KATP (m‑KATP) channels in this process. Isolated rat hearts underwent 30 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Low‑ (1 mg/kg) or high‑dose (10 mg/kg) fasudil was administered 15 min prior to ischemia and at the initial onset of reperfusion. 5‑Hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD), an m‑KATP channel blocker, at 10 mg/kg was administered 5 min prior to reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was estimated by 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase‑MB (CK‑MB) were analyzed from coronary effluents. Phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS was measured by immunoblotting. High‑dose fasudil‑induced preconditioning and postconditioning significantly reduced infarct size and the release of LDH and CK‑MB and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS compared with the control group, whereas low‑dose fasudil did not exert these beneficial effects. In addition, the cardioprotection of high‑dose fasudil‑induced preconditioning and postconditioning are blocked by 5HD. Low‑dose fasudil‑induced preconditioning and postconditioning are abrogated by hypercholesterolemia, while high‑dose fasudil restores the cardioprotection, which is involved in upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and inducing the opening of the m‑KATP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chen C, Chi YL, Yang XQ, Xu Y, Li XT, Guo SL, Xiong SH, Shen MR, Sun Y, Zhang CS, Hu KM. Interferon regulatory factor-1 together with reactive oxygen species promotes the acceleration of cell cycle progression by up-regulating the cyclin E and CDK2 genes during high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:147. [PMID: 24119616 PMCID: PMC3852693 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development of diabetic vascular diseases. In a previous study, we confirmed that Interferon regulatory factor-1 (Irf-1) is a positive regulator of the high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMCs. However, the mechanisms remain to be determined. Methods The levels of cyclin/CDK expression in two cell models involving Irf-1 knockdown and overexpression were quantified to explore the relationship between Irf-1 and its downstream effectors under normal or high glucose conditions. Subsequently, cells were treated with high glucose/NAC, normal glucose/H2O2, high glucose/U0126 or normal glucose/H2O2/U0126 during an incubation period. Then proliferation, cyclin/CDK expression and cell cycle distribution assays were performed to determine whether ROS/Erk1/2 signaling pathway was involved in the Irf-1-induced regulation of VSMC growth under high glucose conditions. Results We found that Irf-1 overexpression led to down-regulation of cyclin D1/CDK4 and inhibited cell cycle progression in VSMCs under normal glucose conditions. In high glucose conditions, Irf-1 overexpression led to an up-regulation of cyclin E/CDK2 and an acceleration of cell cycle progression, whereas silencing of Irf-1 suppressed the expression of both proteins and inhibited the cell cycle during the high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMCs. Treatment of VSMCs with antioxidants prevented the Irf-1 overexpression-induced proliferation of VSMCs, the up-regulation of cyclin E/CDK2 and the acceleration of cell cycle progression in high glucose conditions. In contrast, under normal glucose conditions, H2O2 stimulation and Irf-1 overexpression induced cell proliferation, up-regulated cyclin E/CDK2 expression and promoted cell cycle acceleration. In addition, overexpression of Irf-1 promoted the activation of Erk1/2 and when VSMCs overexpressing Irf-1 were treated with U0126, the specific Erk1/2 inhibitor abolished the proliferation of VSMCs, the up-regulation of cyclin E/CDK2 and the acceleration of cell cycle progression under high glucose or normal glucose/H2O2 conditions. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the downstream effectors of Irf-1 are cyclin E/CDK2 during the high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMCs, whereas they are cyclin D1/CDK4 in normal glucose conditions. The Irf-1 overexpression-induced proliferation of VSMCs, the up-regulation of cyclin E/CDK2 and the acceleration of cell cycle progression are associated with ROS/Erk1/2 signaling pathway under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Molineris I, Ala U, Provero P, Di Cunto F. Drug repositioning for orphan genetic diseases through Conserved Anticoexpressed Gene Clusters (CAGCs). BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:288. [PMID: 24088245 PMCID: PMC3851137 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new therapies for orphan genetic diseases represents an extremely important medical and social challenge. Drug repositioning, i.e. finding new indications for approved drugs, could be one of the most cost- and time-effective strategies to cope with this problem, at least in a subset of cases. Therefore, many computational approaches based on the analysis of high throughput gene expression data have so far been proposed to reposition available drugs. However, most of these methods require gene expression profiles directly relevant to the pathologic conditions under study, such as those obtained from patient cells and/or from suitable experimental models. In this work we have developed a new approach for drug repositioning, based on identifying known drug targets showing conserved anti-correlated expression profiles with human disease genes, which is completely independent from the availability of ‘ad hoc’ gene expression data-sets. Results By analyzing available data, we provide evidence that the genes displaying conserved anti-correlation with drug targets are antagonistically modulated in their expression by treatment with the relevant drugs. We then identified clusters of genes associated to similar phenotypes and showing conserved anticorrelation with drug targets. On this basis, we generated a list of potential candidate drug-disease associations. Importantly, we show that some of the proposed associations are already supported by independent experimental evidence. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that the identification of gene clusters showing conserved anticorrelation with drug targets can be an effective method for drug repositioning and provide a wide list of new potential drug-disease associations for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Molineris
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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14
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Pearson JT, Jenkins MJ, Edgley AJ, Sonobe T, Joshi M, Waddingham MT, Fujii Y, Schwenke DO, Tsuchimochi H, Yoshimoto M, Umetani K, Kelly DJ, Shirai M. Acute Rho-kinase inhibition improves coronary dysfunction in vivo, in the early diabetic microcirculation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:111. [PMID: 24059472 PMCID: PMC3734116 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) is increasingly implicated in acute vasospasm and chronic vasoconstriction in major organ systems. Therefore we aimed to ascertain whether an increase in ROCK activity plays a role in the deterioration of coronary vascular function in early stage diabetes. METHODS Synchrotron radiation microangiography was used to determine in vivo coronary responses in diabetic (3 weeks post streptozotocin 65 mg/kg ip) and vehicle treated male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 and 6). Changes in vessel number and calibre during vasodilator stimulation before and after blockade of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase were compared between rats. Acute responses to ROCK inhibitor, fasudil (10 mg/kg iv) was evaluated. Further, perivascular and myocardial fibrosis, arterial intimal thickening were assessed by histology, and capillary density, nitrotyrosine and ROCK1/2 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Diabetic rats had significantly elevated plasma glucose (P < 0.001 vs control), but did not differ in fibrotic scores, media to lumen ratio, capillary density or baseline visible vessel number or calibre. Responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside stimulation were similar between groups. However, in comparison to control rats the diabetic rats showed more segmental constrictions during blockade, which were not completely alleviated by acetylcholine, but were alleviated by fasudil. Further, second order vessel branches in diabetic rats were significantly more dilated relative to baseline (37% vs 12% increase, P < 0.05) after fasudil treatment compared to control rats, while visible vessel number increased in both groups. ROCK2 expression was borderline greater in diabetic rat hearts (P < 0.053). CONCLUSIONS We found that ahead of the reported decline in coronary endothelial vasodilator function in diabetic rats there was moderate elevation in ROCK expression, more widespread segmental constriction when nitric oxide and prostacyclin production were inhibited and notably, increased calibre in second and third order small arteries-arterioles following ROCK inhibition. Based on nitrotyrosine staining oxidative stress was not significantly elevated in early diabetic rats. We conclude that tonic ROCK mediated vasoconstriction contributes to coronary vasomotor tone in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mathew J Jenkins
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Mandar Joshi
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark T Waddingham
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Misa Yoshimoto
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Keiji Umetani
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Harima, Japan
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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15
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Van der Mieren G, Nevelsteen I, Vanderper A, Oosterlinck W, Flameng W, Herijgers P. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and food restriction in diabetic mice do not correct the increased sensitivity for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:89. [PMID: 22853195 PMCID: PMC3444392 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome reaches epidemic proportions. On top of their diabetic cardiomyopathy, these patients experience frequent and severe cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) insults, which further aggravate their degree of heart failure. Food restriction and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) are standard therapies in these patients but the effects on cardiac IR injury have never been investigated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 1° food restriction and 2° ACE-I reduce infarct size and preserve cardiac contractility after IR injury in mouse models of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Methods C57Bl6/J wild type (WT) mice, leptin deficient ob/ob (model for type II diabetes) and double knock-out (LDLR-/-;ob/ob, further called DKO) mice with combined leptin and LDL-receptor deficiency (model for metabolic syndrome) were used. The effects of 12 weeks food restriction or ACE-I on infarct size and load-independent left ventricular contractility after 30 min regional cardiac ischemia were investigated. Differences between groups were analyzed for statistical significance by Student’s t-test or factorial ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Results Infarct size was larger in ob/ob and DKO versus WT. Twelve weeks of ACE-I improved pre-ischemic left ventricular contractility in ob/ob and DKO. Twelve weeks of food restriction, with a weight reduction of 35-40%, or ACE-I did not reduce the effect of IR. Conclusion ACE-I and food restriction do not correct the increased sensitivity for cardiac IR-injury in mouse models of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Van der Mieren
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Experimental Cardiac Surgery, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Miki T, Itoh T, Sunaga D, Miura T. Effects of diabetes on myocardial infarct size and cardioprotection by preconditioning and postconditioning. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:67. [PMID: 22694800 PMCID: PMC3461466 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the current optimal therapy, the mortality of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains high, particularly in cases with diabetes mellitus (DM) as a co-morbidity. Myocardial infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis in IHD patients, and development of a novel strategy to limit infarction is of great clinical importance. Ischemic preconditioning (PC), postconditioning (PostC) and their mimetic agents have been shown to reduce infarct size in experiments using healthy animals. However, a variety of pharmacological agents have failed to demonstrate infarct size limitation in clinical trials. One of the possible reasons for the discrepancy between the results of animal experiments and clinical trials is that co-morbidities, including DM, modified myocardial responses to ischemia/reperfusion and to cardioprotective agents. Here we summarize observations of the effects of DM on myocardial infarct size and ischemic PC and PostC and discuss perspectives for protection of DM hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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Li H, Peng W, Jian W, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Xu Y. ROCK inhibitor fasudil attenuated high glucose-induced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:65. [PMID: 22694757 PMCID: PMC3461463 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that the RhoA/ROCK pathway may contribute to vascular complications in diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate whether ROCK inhibitor fasudil could prevent high glucose-induced monocyte-endothelial cells adhesion, and whether this was related to fasudil effects on vascular endothelial cell expression of chemotactic factors, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Methods HUVECs were stimulated with high glucose (HG) or HG + fasudil in different concentration or different time. Monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was determined using fluorescence-labeled monocytes. The mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were measured using real-time PCR and western blot. The protein levels of RhoA, ROCKI and p-MYPT were determined using western blot analysis. ELISA was employed to measure the expression of soluble VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in cell supernatants and human serum samples. Results Fasudil significantly suppressed HG-induced adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs. Fasudil reduced Rho/ROCK activity (as indicated by lower p-MYPT/MYPT ratio), and prevented HG induced increases in VCAM-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels. Fasudil also decreased MCP-1 concentration in HUVEC supernatants, but increased sVCAM-1 shedding into the media. In human diabetic subjects, 2 weeks of fasudil treatment significantly decreased serum MCP-1 level from 27.9 ± 10.6 pg/ml to 13.8 ± 7.0 pg/ml (P < 0.05), while sVCAM-1 increased from 23.2 ± 7.5 ng/ml to 39.7 ± 5.6 ng/ml after fasudil treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with the Rho/ROCK pathway inhibitor fasudil attenuated HG-induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, possibly by reducing endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1. These results suggest inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling may have therapeutic potential in preventing diabetes associated vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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