1
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Gufe C, Jambwa P, Marumure J, Makuvara Z, Khunrae P, Kayoka-Kabongo PN. Are phenolic compounds produced during the enzymatic production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) beneficial: a review. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:867-882. [PMID: 38594834 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2328723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Phenolics produced during xylooligosaccharide production might inhibit xylanases and enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of XOS. The effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases may depend on the type and concentration of the compound, the plant biomass used, and the enzyme used. Understanding the effects of phenolic compounds on xylanases and their impact on XOS is critical for developing viable bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to XOS. Understanding the complex relationship between phenolic compounds and xylanases can lead to the development of strategies that improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of XOS manufacturing processes and optimise enzyme performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudious Gufe
- Department of Veterinary Technical Services, Central Veterinary Laboratories, Borrowdale Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Prosper Jambwa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Xu Y, Dong F, Wang R, Ajmal M, Liu X, Lin H, Chen H. Alternative splicing analysis of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes and enzyme variants in Aspergillus niger. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:302. [PMID: 38639796 PMCID: PMC11031446 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the protein diversity in eukaryotes. Although AS variants have been frequently reported existing in filamentous fungi, it remains unclear whether lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes in industrially important fungi undergo AS events. In this work, AS events of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes genes in Aspergillus niger under two carbon sources (glucose and wheat straw) were investigated by RNA-Seq. The results showed that a total of 23 out of the 56 lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes had AS events and intron retention was the main type of these AS events. The AS variant enzymes from the annotated endo-β-1,4-xylanase F1 gene (xynF1) and the endo-β-1,4-glucanase D gene (eglD), noted as XYNF1-AS and EGLD-AS, were characterized compared to their normal splicing products XYNF1 and EGLD, respectively. The AS variant XYNF1-AS displayed xylanase activity whereas XYNF1 did not. As for EGLD-AS and EGLD, neither of them showed annotated endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity. Instead, both showed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) activity with some differences in catalytic properties. Our work demonstrated that the AS variants in A. niger were good sources for discovering novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. KEY POINTS: • AS events were identified in the lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes of A. niger. • New β-1,4-xylanase and LPMO derived from AS events were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Feiyu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Maria Ajmal
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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3
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Medouni-Haroune L, Medouni-Adrar S, Houfani AA, Bouiche C, Azzouz Z, Roussos S, Desseaux V, Madani K, Kecha M. Statistical Optimization and Partial Characterization of Xylanases Produced by Streptomyces sp. S1M3I Using Olive Pomace as a Fermentation Substrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2012-2030. [PMID: 37458941 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Xylanase production by Streptomyces sp. S1M3I was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), followed by a partial characterization of these enzymes. Olive pomace was used as a substrate for growing Streptomyces sp. S1M3I in submerged fermentation. Effects of incubation time, pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source, and inoculum size on xylanase production were studied, through the one-factor-at-a-time method. Then, a 33-factorial experimental design with RSM and the Box-Behnken design was investigated for the major influence factors. Maximum xylanase production (11.28 U/mL) was obtained when the strain was grown in mineral medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) of olive pomace powder and 0.3% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate, at a pH 7.4 and an incubation temperature of 40 °C. The xylanases in the supernatant degraded all tested substrates, with higher activity for the low-viscosity wheat arabinoxylan substrate. Two xylanases with close molecular masses were detected by zymogram analysis: Xyl-1 and Xyl-2 with molecular masses of 24.14 kDa and 27 kDa, respectively. The optimization of enzyme production parameters of Streptomyces sp. S1M3I and the characterization of these enzymes are prerequisites to enhancing xylanase production yield, which is crucial for further biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Medouni-Haroune
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Sonia Medouni-Adrar
- Département Des Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Aicha Asma Houfani
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cilia Bouiche
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Zahra Azzouz
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Sevastianos Roussos
- Equipe Eco Technologies Et Bioremédiation, Faculté St Jérome, Campus Etoile, Aix Marseille Université & Université Avignon; IMBE UMR CNRS-7263/IRD-237, Case 421, 13397, Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Desseaux
- Institut Des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Faculté Des Sciences Et Techniques, St Jérome, Biosciences UMR CNRS 6263.Université Paul Cézanne, 13397, Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Mouloud Kecha
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté Des Sciences de La Nature Et de La Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
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Plouhinec L, Neugnot V, Lafond M, Berrin JG. Carbohydrate-active enzymes in animal feed. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108145. [PMID: 37030553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering an ever-growing global population, which hit 8 billion people in the fall of 2022, it is essential to find solutions to avoid the competition between human food and animal feed for croplands. Agricultural co-products have become important components of the circular economy with their use in animal feed. Their implementation was made possible by the addition of exogenous enzymes in the diet, especially carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In this review, we describe the diversity and versatility of microbial CAZymes targeting non-starch polysaccharides to improve the nutritional potential of diets containing cereals and protein meals. We focused our attention on cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases which were often found to be crucial in vivo. We also highlight the performance and health benefits brought by the exogenous addition of enzymatic cocktails containing CAZymes in the diets of monogastric animals. Taking the example of the well-studied commercial cocktail Rovabio™, we discuss the evolution, constraints and future challenges faced by feed enzymes suppliers. We hope that this review will promote the use and development of enzyme solutions for industries to sustainably feed humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Plouhinec
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France; ADISSEO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, INSA Toulouse, Hall Gilbert Durand, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Virginie Neugnot
- ADISSEO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, INSA Toulouse, Hall Gilbert Durand, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Univ., UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Lu C, Lu P, Yin C, Ye Z, Huang Z. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase from Streptomyces sp. T7 and Its Application in Xylo-Oligosaccharide Production. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082516. [PMID: 35458713 PMCID: PMC9032680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A xylanase-producing strain, identified as Streptomyces sp. T7, was isolated from soil by our lab. The endo-β-1,4-xylanase (xynST7) gene was found in the genome sequence of strain T7, which was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. XynST7 belonged to the glycoside hydrolase family 10, with a molecular mass of approximately 47 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of XynST7 were pH 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively, and it showed wide pH and temperature adaptability and stability, retaining more than half of its enzyme activity between pH 5.0 and 11.0 below 80 °C. XynST7 showed only endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity without cellulase- or β-xylosidase activity, and it showed maximal hydrolysis for corncob xylan in all the test substrates. Then, XynST7 was used for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) by hydrolyzing xylan extracted from raw corncobs. The maximum yield of the XOS was 8.61 ± 0.13 mg/mL using 15 U/mL of XynST7 and 1.5% corncob xylan after 10 h of incubation at 60 °C. The resulting hydrolysate products mainly consisted of xylobiose and xylotriose. These data indicated that XynST7 might by a promising tool for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaosong Huang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-82766825; Fax: +86-531-82765807
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A Fungal Versatile GH10 Endoxylanase and Its Glycosynthase Variant: Synthesis of Xylooligosaccharides and Glycosides of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031383. [PMID: 35163307 PMCID: PMC8836076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of endoxylanases as catalysts to valorize hemicellulosic residues and to obtain glycosides with improved properties is a topic of great industrial interest. In this work, a GH10 β-1,4-endoxylanase (XynSOS), from the ascomycetous fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae, has been heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris, purified, and characterized. rXynSOS is a highly glycosylated monomeric enzyme of 53 kDa that contains a functional CBM1 domain and shows its optimal activity on azurine cross-linked (AZCL)-beechwood xylan at 70 °C and pH 5. Substrate specificity and kinetic studies confirmed its versatility and high affinity for beechwood xylan and wheat arabinoxylan. Moreover, rXynSOS was capable of transglycosylating phenolic compounds, although with low efficiencies. For expanding its synthetic capacity, a glycosynthase variant of rXynSOS was developed by directed mutagenesis, replacing its nucleophile catalytic residue E236 by a glycine (rXynSOS-E236G). This novel glycosynthase was able to synthesize β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides (XOS) of different lengths (four, six, eight, and ten xylose units), which are known to be emerging prebiotics. rXynSOS-E236G was also much more active than the native enzyme in the glycosylation of a broad range of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The interesting capabilities of rXynSOS and its glycosynthase variant make them promising tools for biotechnological applications.
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7
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Characterisation of biomass degrading xylanolytic enzymes of Penicillium chrysogenum produced using sugarcane bagasse. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Intasit R, Cheirsilp B, Suyotha W, Boonsawang P. Purification and characterization of a highly-stable fungal xylanase from Aspergillus tubingensis cultivated on palm wastes through combined solid-state and submerged fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:311-317. [PMID: 34197716 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1941105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal xylanase was produced from lignocellulosic palm wastes through combined solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) by Aspergillus tubingensis TSIP9 in a helical-impeller equipped bioreactor. The combined SSF-SmF promoted the xylanase production by 15 and 70% higher than SSF and SmF, respectively. Sequential purification yielded 7.4-fold purified xylanase with 9.07% recovery. The maximum activities of crude and purified xylanase were observed at the same pH of 5.0 and the same temperature of 50 °C while purified xylanase is more active and highly stable at a wider pH range of 3-8 and temperature of 30-60 °C. The half-life of purified xylanase at various temperatures was also much improved by 2-8 folds compared to crude xylanase. Michaelis-Menten constants, Vmax and Km, for purified xylanase are 2,602.8 U/mg and 32.4 mg/mL, respectively. Purified xylanase activity was most enhanced with Ca2+ followed by Zn2+ and Fe2+ at 10 mM while significantly inhibited by Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ag+. This study has shown the effectiveness of combined SSF-SmF for xylanase production and superior properties of purified xylanase for industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawitsara Intasit
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Boonsawang
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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9
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Lopes AMM, Martins M, Goldbeck R. Heterologous Expression of Lignocellulose-Modifying Enzymes in Microorganisms: Current Status. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:184-199. [PMID: 33484441 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of the carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms is a promising approach to produce bio-based compounds, such as fuels, nutraceuticals and other value-added products from sustainable lignocellulosic sources. Several microorganisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans, have unique characteristics desirable for a biorefinery production approach like well-known genetic tools, thermotolerance, high fermentative capacity and product tolerance, and high amount of recombinant enzyme secretion. These microbial factories are already stablished in the heterologous production of the carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce, among others, ethanol, xylooligosaccharides and the valuable coniferol. A complete biocatalyst able to heterologous express the CAZymes of glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and auxiliary activities families could release these compounds faster, with higher yield and specificity. Recent advances in the synthetic biology tools could expand the number and diversity of enzymes integrated in these microorganisms, and also modify those already integrated. This review outlines the heterologous expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms, as well as recent updates in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Moura Mendes Lopes
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Manoela Martins
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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10
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Jlali M, Cozannet P, Alleno C, Preynat A. Evaluation of a multicarbohydrase and phytase complex in reduced energy, amino acids, available phosphorus and calcium diets fed to broilers. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Boonyapakron K, Chitnumsub P, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Enhancement of catalytic performance of a metagenome-derived thermophilic oligosaccharide-specific xylanase by binding module removal and random mutagenesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:13-19. [PMID: 33067124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharide (XO) is a promising pre-biotic with applications in food, feed and healthcare products. XO can be produced by enzymatic digestion of xylan with xylanase. In this study, we aimed to improve the biochemical properties relevant to catalysis and kinetics of X11, a thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 11 endo-β-1,4-xylanase derived from a metagenomic library isolated from sugarcane bagasse, under high-temperature conditions preferred for XO synthesis. Removal of a carbohydrate-binding module (X11C) resulted in 6.5 fold greater catalytic efficiency. X11C was further improved by a Pro71Thr mutation in the X11P variant obtained from a random mutagenesis library, which exhibited 15.9 fold greater catalytic efficiency compared with wild-type X11 under the enzyme's optimal conditions of 80°C and pH 6.0. Homology modeling suggested that the improved performance of X11P could be attributed to formation of an extra H-bond between Thr71 and Ser75, which stabilizes the key catalytic residue Glu180 at the active pocket and β-sheet layers and agrees with the respective increase in melting temperature (Tm) where X11P >X11C >X11 as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The X11P variant was tested for hydrolysis of beechwood xylan, which showed X6 as the major product followed by X3 and X4 XOs. The highest yield of 5.5 g total XOs product/mg enzyme was observed for X11P, equivalent to 3.7 fold higher than that of wild-type with XO production of >800 mg/g xylan. The X11P enzyme could be developed as a thermophilic biocatalyst for XO synthesis in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katewadee Boonyapakron
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- Biomolecular Analysis and Application Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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12
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Jing M, Tang R, Han G, Zhang S, Liu R. Exploring the influence of silver and lead on structure and function of xylanase: spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:182-190. [PMID: 32850115 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metal could induce the alteration of soil ecological environments, and soil enzyme activities are sensitive indicators for the soil toxicology. Xylanase is one of predominant soil enzymes related to carbon nitrogen cycle. In this work, we explored the underlying mechanisms for conformational and enzymatic activity alterations of xylanase after silver and lead exposure at molecular level with systematical measurements including multiple spectroscopic methods, isothermal titration calorimetry, and enzymatic activity. Both silver and lead could loosen and unfold the skeleton of xylanase with the quenching of endogenous fluorescence. Silver interacted with xylanase forming larger-size aggregations through Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, while lead interacted with xylanase forming larger-size aggregations through hydrophobic force. Silver and lead induced an obvious loss (67.1 and 56.31%) of the xylanase enzymatic activity, but silver has a greater impact on xylanase than that of lead. The xylanase enzymatic activity significantly decreased due to the conformational alterations. The negative effect of silver exposure on xylanase structure and function was more prominent than that of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P.R. China.,Penglai Jiaxin Dye Chemical Co., Ltd, 1#Jiaxin Road, Yantai, Shandong 265601, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P.R. China
| | - Guangye Han
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd, Lixia, 50# Lishan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Shansheng Zhang
- Penglai Jiaxin Dye Chemical Co., Ltd, 1#Jiaxin Road, Yantai, Shandong 265601, P.R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P.R. China
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Effect of concentration of arabinoxylans and a carbohydrase mixture on energy, amino acids and nutrients total tract and ileal digestibility in wheat and wheat by-product-based diet for pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Cann I, Pereira GV, Abdel-Hamid AM, Kim H, Wefers D, Kayang BB, Kanai T, Sato T, Bernardi RC, Atomi H, Mackie RI. Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02296-19. [PMID: 31980431 PMCID: PMC7082577 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02296-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gabriel V Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Hamid
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Heejin Kim
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Boniface B Kayang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Tamotsu Kanai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rafael C Bernardi
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roderick I Mackie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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15
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Martínez-Pacheco MM, Flores-García A, Zamudio-Jaramillo MA, Chávez-Parga MC, Alvarez-Navarrete M. Optimization of production of xylanases with low cellulases in Fusarium solani by means of a solid state fermentation using statistical experimental design. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:328-338. [PMID: 32146034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for fungal xylanases in industrial biotechnological processes shows a clear increase worldwide, so there is an interest in adjusting the conditions of microbial xylanases production. In this study, the ability of the fungus Fusarium solani to produce extracellular xylanases with low cellulolytic activity was optimized by Box Wilson design. The best culture conditions were determined to obtain a crude enzyme preparation with significant xylanolytic activity and little cellulolytic activity. In most treatments, the xylanolytic activity was higher than the cellulolytic activity. A negative effect on the production of endoxylanases, β-xylosidases and endocellulases was observed with the increasing of xylan concentration. Increasing the incubation time adversely affected the production of endocellulases and β-xylosidases. According to the mathematical model and experimental tests, it is possible to produce endoxylanases with minimal endocellulase activity increasing incubation time and the concentration of ammonium sulfate. The optimal culture conditions to produce a greater amount of endoxylanases (10.65U/mg) and low endocellulases from F. solani were: 2.5% (w/v) xylan, 5.0, 2.0 and 0.4g/l, of yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively, with 120h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro M Martínez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n. Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58060, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Flores-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n. Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58060, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Zamudio-Jaramillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n. Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58060, Mexico
| | - Ma Carmen Chávez-Parga
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n. Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58060, Mexico
| | - Mariana Alvarez-Navarrete
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n. Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58060, Mexico
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16
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Alyassin M, Campbell GM, Masey O'Neill H, Bedford MR. Simultaneous determination of cereal monosaccharides, xylo- and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and uronic acids using HPAEC-PAD. Food Chem 2020; 315:126221. [PMID: 32000077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xylo- and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (XOS and AXOS) are of interest for their prebiotic activity. The production of these oligomers might be accompanied with monosaccharides. The measurement of both oligosaccharides and monosaccharides usually requires two methods. The current work presents an HPAEC-PAD method based on gradient elution of aqueous solvents sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate, in contrast to conventional isocratic elution, for the simultaneous separation of 16 standards of monosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and uronic acids using CarboPac PA 200 column. The presented method showed a stable baseline and high-resolution separation of the standards. The method showed acceptable accuracy and precision. Limits of Detection and Quantitation (LOD and LOQ) were estimated for all the standards. The method was applied to measure the activity of a commercial endoxylanase on wheat bran; a steady release of xylose monosaccharide was observed. Enzyme action on oligosaccharide standards showed a preference for the larger oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alyassin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - G M Campbell
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - H Masey O'Neill
- AB Agri Ltd., 64 Innovation Way, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough PE2 6FL, UK
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista Ltd., Woodstock Court, Blenheim Road, Marlborough, UK
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17
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CHAVES NATÁLIAR, NASCIMENTO KARINAM, KIEFER CHARLES, ROSA MAURÍCIOS, FEITAS HENRIQUEB, PAIVA LUANNAL, SILVA THIAGOR, SILVA LARISSAA, MACIE VIOLETAA, LEAL CÁSSIAR, SOUZA ALDAI, ZANOELO FABIANAF. Phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments and their effects on serum biochemistry, morphometry and intestinal health of broilers. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 1:e20190278. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Liew KJ, Ngooi CY, Shamsir MS, Sani RK, Chong CS, Goh KM. Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a new endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Rhodothermaceae bacterium RA. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Xian L, Li Z, Tang AX, Qin YM, Li QY, Liu HB, Liu YY. A novel neutral and thermophilic endoxylanase from Streptomyces ipomoeae efficiently produced xylobiose from agricultural and forestry residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121293. [PMID: 30999191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoxylanases capable of producing high ratios of xylobiose from agricultural and forestry residues in neutral and high temperature conditions are attractive for the prebiotic and alternative sweetener industries. In this study, a putative glycosyl hydrolase gene from Streptomyces ipomoeae was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme, named as SipoEnXyn10A, hydrolyzed beechwood xylan in endo-action mode releasing xylobiose as its main end product. It was most active at pH 6.5 and 75-80 °C and showed remarkable stability at 65 °C. The xylobiose yield from 10 g corncob and moso bamboo reached 1.123 ± 0.021 and 0.229 ± 0.005 g, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 70 °C, whichwas higher than other reports using the same material. Moreover, high ratios of xylobiose in the xylose-based product of about 85% were obtained from corncob, moso bamboo sawdust, cassava stem and Chinese fir sawdust. These results demonstrated that SipoEnXyn10A has potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ai-Xing Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - You-Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China.
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20
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Deshors M, Guais O, Neugnot-Roux V, Cameleyre X, Fillaudeau L, Francois JM. Combined in situ Physical and ex-situ Biochemical Approaches to Investigate in vitro Deconstruction of Destarched Wheat Bran by Enzymes Cocktail Used in Animal Nutrition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:158. [PMID: 31297370 PMCID: PMC6607472 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran is a foodstuff containing more than 40% of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) that are hardly digestible by monogastric animals. Therefore, cocktails enriched of hydrolytic enzymes (termed NSPases) are commonly provided as feed additives in animal nutrition. However, how these enzymes cocktails contribute to NSPs deconstruction remains largely unknown. This question was addressed by employing an original methodology that makes use of a multi-instrumented bioreactor that allows to dynamically monitor enzymes in action and to extract in-situ physical and ex-situ biochemical data from this monitoring. We report here that the deconstruction of destarched wheat bran by an industrial enzymes cocktail termed Rovabio® was entailed by two concurrent events: a particles fragmentation that caused in <2 h a 70% drop of the suspension viscosity and a solubilization that released <30 % of the wheat bran NSPs. Upon longer exposure, the fragmentation of particles continued at a very slow rate without any further solubilization. Contrary to this cocktail, xylanase C alone caused a moderate 25% drop of viscosity and a very weak fragmentation. However, the amount of xylose and arabinose from solubilized sugars after 6 h treatment with this enzyme was similar to that obtained after 2 h with Rovabio®. Altogether, this multi-scale analysis supported the synergistic action of enzymes mixture to readily solubilize complex polysaccharides, and revealed that in spite of the richness and diversity of hydrolytic enzymes in the cocktail, the deconstruction of NSPs in wheat bran was largely incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Deshors
- LISBP, UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, Toulouse, France.,Cinabio-Adisseo France S.A.S., Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Luc Fillaudeau
- LISBP, UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT (Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
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21
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Champreda V, Mhuantong W, Lekakarn H, Bunterngsook B, Kanokratana P, Zhao XQ, Zhang F, Inoue H, Fujii T, Eurwilaichitr L. Designing cellulolytic enzyme systems for biorefinery: From nature to application. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:637-654. [PMID: 31204199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes play a key role on conversion of lignocellulosic plant biomass to biofuels and biochemicals in sugar platform biorefineries. In this review, we survey composite carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) among groups of cellulolytic fungi and bacteria that exist under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Recent advances in designing effective cellulase mixtures are described, starting from the most complex microbial consortium-based enzyme preparations, to single-origin enzymes derived from intensively studied cellulase producers such as Trichoderma reesei, Talaromyces cellulolyticus, and Penicellium funiculosum, and the simplest minimal enzyme systems comprising selected sets of mono-component enzymes tailor-made for specific lignocellulosic substrates. We provide a comprehensive update on studies in developing high-performance cellulases for biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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22
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Ullah SF, Souza AA, Hamann PRV, Ticona ARP, Oliveira GM, Barbosa JARG, Freitas SM, Noronha EF. Structural and functional characterisation of xylanase purified from Penicillium chrysogenum produced in response to raw agricultural waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:385-395. [PMID: 30654038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial interest in plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) is motivated by their potential for energy or bioproduct generation that reduced dependency on non-renewable (fossil-derived) feedstock. Therefore, underlying work analysed the Penicillium chrysogenum isolate for PCWDE production by employing different biomass as a carbon source. Among the produced enzymes, three xylanase isoforms were observed in the culture filtrate containing sugarcane bagasse. Xylanase (PcX1) presenting 35 kDa molecular mass was purified by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Unfolding was probed and analysed using fluorescence, circular dichroism and enzyme assay methods. Secondary structure contents were estimated by circular dichroism 45% α-helix and 10% β-sheet, consistent with the 3D structure predicted by homology. PcX1 optimally active at pH 5.0 and 30 °C, presenting t1/2 19 h at 30 °C and 6 h at 40 °C. Thermodynamic parameters/melting temperature 51.4 °C confirmed the PcX1 stability at pH 5.0. PcX1 have a higher affinity for oat spelt xylan, KM 1.2 mg·mL-1, in comparison to birchwood xylan KM 29.86 mg·mL-1, activity was inhibited by Cu+2 and activated by Zn+2. PcX1 exhibited significant tolerance for vanillin, trans-ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, syringaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, activity slightly inhibited (17%) by gallic and tannic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Fida Ullah
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araújo Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ricardo V Hamann
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Alonso Roberto P Ticona
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Gideane M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia M Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Laboratory de Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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23
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Tauzin AS, Bruel L, Laville E, Nicoletti C, Navarro D, Henrissat B, Perrier J, Potocki-Veronese G, Giardina T, Lafond M. Sucrose 6 F-phosphate phosphorylase: a novel insight in the human gut microbiome. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30913025 PMCID: PMC6521584 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining human health including in degradation of dietary fibres and carbohydrates further used as nutrients by both the host and the gut bacteria. Previously, we identified a polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) involved in sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) metabolism from one of the most common Firmicutes present in individuals, Ruminococcus gnavus E1. One of the enzymes encoded by this PUL was annotated as a putative sucrose phosphate phosphorylase (RgSPP). In the present study, we have in-depth characterized the heterologously expressed RgSPP as sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylase (SPP), expanding our knowledge of the glycoside hydrolase GH13_18 subfamily. Specifically, the enzymatic characterization showed a selective activity on sucrose 6F-phosphate (S6FP) acting both in phosphorolysis releasing alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and alpha-d-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), and in reverse phosphorolysis from G1P and F6P to S6FP. Interestingly, such a SPP activity had never been observed in gut bacteria before. In addition, a phylogenetic and synteny analysis showed a clustering and a strictly conserved PUL organization specific to gut bacteria. However, a wide prevalence and abundance study with a human metagenomic library showed a correlation between SPP activity and the geographical origin of the individuals and, thus, most likely linked to diet. Rgspp gene overexpression has been observed in mice fed with a high-fat diet suggesting, as observed for humans, that intestine lipid and carbohydrate microbial metabolisms are intertwined. Finally, based on the genomic environment analysis, in vitro and in vivo studies, results provide new insights into the gut microbiota catabolism of sucrose, RFOs and S6FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Tauzin
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.,2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France.,‡Present address: LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Bruel
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- 2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - David Navarro
- 3INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, PolyTech, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- 4Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288 Marseille, France.,5Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josette Perrier
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Giardina
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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24
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Ouephanit C, Boonvitthya N, Theerachat M, Bozonnet S, Chulalaksananukul W. Efficient expression and secretion of endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Penicillium citrinum in non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica directed by the native and the preproLIP2 signal peptides. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 160:1-6. [PMID: 30923012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are the most common industrial xylanase producers. In this study, the xynA gene encoding xylanase A of Penicilium citrinum was successfully synthesized and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica under the control of the strong constitutive TEF promoter. Native and preproLIP2 secretion signals were used for comparison of the expression and secretion level. The recombinant xylanase was produced as a soluble protein, and the total activity production reached 11 and 52 times higher than the level of activity produced by the fungus P. citrinum native strain, respectively. Maximum activity was observed with the preproLIP2 secretion signal at 180 U/mL. Post translational glycosylation affected the molecular mass of the recombinant xylanase, resulting in an apparent molecular weight larger than 60 kDa, whereas after deglycosylation, the recombinant XynA displayed a molecular mass of 20 kDa. The deglycosylated xylanase was purified by ion exchange chromatography and reached 185-fold of purification. The enzyme was optimally active at 55 °C and pH 5 and stable over a broad pH range (3-9). It retained more than 80% of the original activity after 24 h. It conserved around 80% of the original activity after pre-incubation at 40 °C for 6 h. With birchwood xylan as substrate, the enzyme showed a Km of 5.2 mg/mL, and kcat of 245 per s. The high level of secretion and the stability over a wide range of pH and at moderate temperatures of the re-XynA could be useful for variety of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanika Ouephanit
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Monnat Theerachat
- Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Warawut Chulalaksananukul
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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25
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Llanos A, Déjean S, Neugnot-Roux V, François JM, Parrou JL. Carbon sources and XlnR-dependent transcriptional landscape of CAZymes in the industrial fungus Talaromyces versatilis: when exception seems to be the rule. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:14. [PMID: 30691469 PMCID: PMC6348686 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on filamentous fungi emphasized the remarkable redundancy in genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes, the similarities but also the large differences in their expression, especially through the role of the XlnR/XYR1 transcriptional activator. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificities of the industrial fungus Talaromyces versatilis, getting clues into the role of XlnR and the importance of glucose repression at the transcriptional level, to provide further levers for cocktail production. Results By studying a set of 62 redundant genes representative of several categories of enzymes, our results underlined the huge plasticity of transcriptional responses when changing nutritional status. As a general trend, the more heterogeneous the substrate, the more efficient to trigger activation. Genetic modifications of xlnR led to significant reorganisation of transcriptional patterns. Just a minimal set of genes actually fitted in a simplistic model of regulation by a transcriptional activator, and this under specific substrates. On the contrary, the diversity of xlnR+ versus ΔxlnR responses illustrated the existence of complex and unpredicted patterns of co-regulated genes that were highly dependent on the culture condition, even between genes that encode members of a functional category of enzymes. They notably revealed a dual, substrate-dependant repressor-activator role of XlnR, with counter-intuitive transcripts regulations that targeted specific genes. About glucose, it appeared as a formal repressive sugar as we observed a massive repression of most genes upon glucose addition to the mycelium grown on wheat straw. However, we also noticed a positive role of this sugar on the basal expression of a few genes, (notably those encoding cellulases), showing again the strong dependence of these regulatory mechanisms upon promoter and nutritional contexts. Conclusions The diversity of transcriptional patterns appeared to be the rule, while common and stable behaviour, both within gene families and with fungal literature, the exception. The setup of a new biotechnological process to reach optimized, if not customized expression patterns of enzymes, hence appeared tricky just relying on published data that can lead, in the best scenario, to approximate trends. We instead encourage preliminary experimental assays, carried out in the context of interest to reassess gene responses, as a mandatory step before thinking in (genetic) strategies for the improvement of enzyme production in fungi.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Llanos
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Adisseo France S.A.S, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219-Université de Toulouse; CNRS-UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jean M François
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrou
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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Souza LO, de Brito AR, Bonomo RCF, Santana NB, Almeida Antunes Ferraz JLD, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Araújo Fernandes AGD, Ferreira MLO, de Oliveira JR, Franco M. Comparison of the biochemical properties between the xylanases of Thermomyces lanuginosus (Sigma®) and excreted by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 during the solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cozannet P, Kidd MT, Montanhini Neto R, Geraert PA. Next-generation non-starch polysaccharide-degrading, multi-carbohydrase complex rich in xylanase and arabinofuranosidase to enhance broiler feed digestibility. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2743-2750. [PMID: 28431149 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a multi-carbohydrase complex (MCC) rich in xylanase (Xyl) and arabinofuranosidase (Abf) on overall broiler feed digestibility in broilers. Energy utilization and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), protein, starch, fat, and insoluble and soluble fibers were measured using the mass-balance method. The experiment was carried out on 120 broilers (3-week-old chickens). Broilers were distributed over 8 treatments to evaluate the effect of the dietary arabinoxylan content and nutrient density with and without MCC (Rovabio® Advance). The graded content of arabinoxylan (AX) was obtained using different raw materials (wheat, rye, barley, and dried distillers' wheat). Diet-energy density was modified with added fat. Measurements indicated that nutrient density and AX content had a significant effect on most digestibility parameters. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was significantly increased (265 kcal kg-1) by MCC. The addition of MCC also resulted in significant improvement in the digestibility of all evaluated nutrients, with average improvements of 3.0, 3.3, 3.2, 3.0, 6.2, 2.9, 5.8, and 3.8% units for DM, OM, protein, starch, fat, insoluble and soluble fibers, and energy utilization, respectively. The interaction between MCC and diet composition was significant for the digestibility of OM, fat, protein, and energy. Nutrient digestibility and diet AME were negatively correlated with AX content (P < 0.001). However, the addition of MCC resulted in a reduction of this negative effect (P < 0.001). The AME of diets with and without the addition of MCC were successfully predicted by the diet digestible nutrient (i.e., starch, protein, fat, insoluble and soluble fibers) content with and without MCC (R2 = 0.87; RSD = 78 kcal kg-1). This study confirms that the presence of AX in wheat-based diets and wheat-based diets with other cereals and cereal by-products reduces nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Furthermore, the dietary addition of MCC, which is rich in Xyn and Abf, reduced deleterious effect of fiber and improved overall nutrient digestibility in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Biochemical and biophysical characterization of novel GH10 xylanase prospected from a sugar cane bagasse compost-derived microbial consortia. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:560-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Expression of catalytically efficient xylanases from thermophilic fungus Malbranchea cinnamomea for synergistically enhancing hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Linares-Pastén JA, Aronsson A, Karlsson EN. Structural Considerations on the Use of Endo-Xylanases for the Production of prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides from Biomass. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 19:48-67. [PMID: 27670134 PMCID: PMC5738707 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160923155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained increased interest as prebiotics during the last years. XOS and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) can be produced from major fractions of biomass including agricultural by-products and other low cost raw materials. Endo-xylanases are key enzymes for the production of (A)XOS from xylan. As the xylan structure is broadly diverse due to different substitutions, diverse endo-xylanases have evolved for its degradation. In this review structural and functional aspects are discussed, focusing on the potential applications of endo-xylanases in the production of differently substituted (A)XOS as emerging prebiotics, as well as their implication in the processing of the raw materials. Endo-xylanases are found in at least eight different glycoside hydrolase families (GH), and can either have a retaining or an inverting catalytic mechanism. To date, it is mainly retaining endo-xylanases that are used in applications to produce (A)XOS. Enzymes from these GH-families (mainly GH10 and GH11, and the more recently investigated GH30) are taken as prototypes to discuss substrate preferences and main products obtained. Finally, the need of new and accessory enzymes (new specificities from new families or sources) to increase the yield of different types of (A)XOS is discussed, along with in vitro tests of produced oligosaccharides and production of enzymes in GRAS organisms to facilitate use in functional food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Aronsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lim JM, Choi JH, Choi JW, Yun JW, Park TJ, Park JP. Cloning, Expression, and Production of Xylo-Oligosaccharides by Using a Newly Screened Xylanase Isolated from Bovine Rumen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1347-1357. [PMID: 29027104 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - T J Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Research Institute of Halal Industrialization Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - J P Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea.
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Martins de Oliveira S, Moreno-Perez S, Romero-Fernández M, Fernandez-Lorente G, Rocha-Martin J, Guisan JM. Immobilization and stabilization of commercial β-1,4-endoxylanase Depol™ 333MDP by multipoint covalent attachment for xylan hydrolysis: Production of prebiotics (xylo-oligosaccharides). BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1308497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Martins de Oliveira
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Perez
- Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Romero-Fernández
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology (MICRO-BIO), Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CSIC – Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Wu H, Li H, Xue Y, Luo G, Gan L, Liu J, Mao L, Long M. High efficiency co-production of ferulic acid and xylooligosaccharides from wheat bran by recombinant xylanase and feruloyl esterase. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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de Sousa Gomes K, Maitan-Alfenas GP, de Andrade LGA, Falkoski DL, Guimarães VM, Alfenas AC, de Rezende ST. Purification and Characterization of Xylanases from the Fungus Chrysoporthe cubensis for Production of Xylooligosaccharides and Fermentable Sugars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:818-830. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang X, Huang H, Xie X, Ma R, Bai Y, Zheng F, You S, Zhang B, Xie H, Yao B, Luo H. Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:277-284. [PMID: 27723474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. MEY-1. TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. These modifications altogether account for the improved performance of TlXyn10A_P. Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Xie
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai You
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Soleimani M, Mirmohammad-Sadeghi H, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Jahanian-Najafabadi A. Expression and purification of toxic anti-breast cancer p28-NRC chimeric protein. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:70. [PMID: 27169101 PMCID: PMC4854029 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.180639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric proteins consisting of a targeting moiety and a cytotoxic moiety are now under intense research focus for targeted therapy of cancer. Here, we report cloning, expression, and purification of such a targeted chimeric protein made up of p28 peptide as both targeting and anticancer moiety fused to NRC peptide as a cytotoxic moiety. However, since the antimicrobial activity of the NRC peptide would intervene expression of the chimeric protein in Escherichia coli, we evaluated the effects of two fusion tags, that is, thioredoxin (Trx) and 6x-His tags, and various expression conditions, on the expression of p28-NRC chimeric protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to express the chimeric protein with only 6x-His tag, pET28 expression plasmid was used. Cloning in pET32 expression plasmid was performed to add both Trx and 6x-His tags to the chimeric protein. Expression of the chimeric protein with both plasmids was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis following optimization of expression conditions and host strains. RESULTS Expression of the chimeric protein in pET28a was performed. However, expression yield of the chimeric protein was low. Optimization of culture conditions and host strains led to reasonable expression yield of the toxic chimeric protein in pET32a vector. In cases of both plasmids, approximately 10 kDa deviation of the apparent molecular weight from the theoretical one was seen in SDS-PAGE of purified chimeric proteins. CONCLUSIONS The study leads to proper expression and purification yield of p28-NRC chimeric protein with Trx tag following optimizing culture conditions and host strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ogunmolu FE, Kaur I, Gupta M, Bashir Z, Pasari N, Yazdani SS. Proteomics Insights into the Biomass Hydrolysis Potentials of a Hypercellulolytic Fungus Penicillium funiculosum. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4342-58. [PMID: 26288988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The quest for cheaper and better enzymes needed for the efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has placed filamentous fungi in the limelight for bioprospecting research. In our search for efficient biomass degraders, we identified a strain of Penicillium funiculosum whose secretome demonstrates high saccharification capabilities. Our probe into the secretome of the fungus through qualitative and label-free quantitative mass spectrometry based proteomics studies revealed a high abundance of inducible CAZymes and several nonhydrolytic accessory proteins. The preferential association of these proteins and the attending differential biomass hydrolysis gives an insight into their interactions and clues about possible roles of novel hydrolytic and nonhydrolytic proteins in the synergistic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Our study thus provides the first comprehensive insight into the repertoire of proteins present in a high-performing secretome of a hypercellulolytic Penicillium funiculosum, their relative abundance in the secretome, and the interaction dynamics of the various protein groups in the secretome. The gleanings from the stoichiometry of these interactions hold a prospect as templates in the design of cost-effective synthetic cocktails for the optimal hydrolysis of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funso Emmanuel Ogunmolu
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Zeenat Bashir
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Nandita Pasari
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Synthetic Biology and Biofuels Group, ‡Malaria Group, and §DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110 067 New Delhi, India
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Lafond M, Bouza B, Eyrichine S, Rouffineau F, Saulnier L, Giardina T, Bonnin E, Preynat A. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:5. [PMID: 25785187 PMCID: PMC4362821 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatilis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat-based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β(1,4)-xylanases. In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GH11 respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. RESULTS Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. Polysaccharide degradation appeared to occur mainly at the jejunal level and was higher with Isengrain than with Caphorn. For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. CONCLUSIONS The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Lafond
- />iSm2 - BiosCiences UMR 7313, Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Bouza
- />Adisseo France S.A.S., Centre d’Expertise et de Recherche en Nutrition, Commentry, France
| | - Sandrine Eyrichine
- />INRA, UR 1268 - Biopolymères - Interactions – Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Friedrich Rouffineau
- />Adisseo France S.A.S., Centre d’Expertise et de Recherche en Nutrition, Commentry, France
| | - Luc Saulnier
- />INRA, UR 1268 - Biopolymères - Interactions – Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Giardina
- />iSm2 - BiosCiences UMR 7313, Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- />INRA, UR 1268 - Biopolymères - Interactions – Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Preynat
- />Adisseo France S.A.S., Centre d’Expertise et de Recherche en Nutrition, Commentry, France
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Ribeiro LFC, De Lucas RC, Vitcosque GL, Ribeiro LF, Ward RJ, Rubio MV, Damásio ARL, Squina FM, Gregory RC, Walton PH, Jorge JA, Prade RA, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTM. A novel thermostable xylanase GH10 from Malbranchea pulchella expressed in Aspergillus nidulans with potential applications in biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:115. [PMID: 25788980 PMCID: PMC4364333 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for novel thermostable xylanases for industrial use has intensified in recent years, and thermophilic fungi are a promising source of useful enzymes. The present work reports the heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable xylanase (GH10) from the thermophilic fungus Malbranchea pulchella, the influence of glycosylation on its stability, and a potential application in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. RESULTS Xylanase MpXyn10A was overexpressed in Aspergillus nidulans and was active against birchwood xylan, presenting an optimum activity at pH 5.8 and 80°C. MpXyn10A was 16% glycosylated and thermostable, preserving 85% activity after 24 hours at 65°C, and deglycosylation did not affect thermostability. Circular dichroism confirmed the high alpha-helical content consistent with the canonical GH10 family (β/α)8 barrel fold observed in molecular modeling. Primary structure analysis revealed the existence of eight cysteine residues which could be involved in four disulfide bonds, and this could explain the high thermostability of this enzyme even in the deglycosylated form. MpXyn10A showed promising results in biomass degradation, increasing the amount of reducing sugars in bagasse in natura and in three pretreated sugarcane bagasses. CONCLUSIONS MpXyn10A was successfully secreted in Aspergillus nidulans, and a potential use for sugarcane bagasse biomass degradation was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane FC Ribeiro
- />Immunology and Biochemistry Department of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Rosymar C De Lucas
- />Immunology and Biochemistry Department of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Gabriela L Vitcosque
- />Immunology and Biochemistry Department of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Lucas F Ribeiro
- />Immunology and Biochemistry Department of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Richard J Ward
- />Chemistry Department of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Rubio
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Andre RL Damásio
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Fabio M Squina
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Paul H Walton
- />Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, UK
| | - João A Jorge
- />Biology Department of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901 Brazil
| | - Rolf A Prade
- />Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes TM Polizeli
- />Biology Department of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901 Brazil
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Differences in lactococcal cell wall polysaccharide structure are major determining factors in bacteriophage sensitivity. mBio 2014; 5:e00880-14. [PMID: 24803515 PMCID: PMC4010823 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00880-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the genetic locus encompassing a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) biosynthesis operon of eight strains of Lactococcus lactis, identified as belonging to the same CWPS type C genotype, revealed the presence of a variable region among the strains examined. The results allowed the identification of five subgroups of the C type named subtypes C1 to C5. This variable region contains genes encoding glycosyltransferases that display low or no sequence homology between the subgroups. In this study, we purified an acidic polysaccharide from the cell wall of L. lactis 3107 (subtype C2) and confirmed that it is structurally different from the previously established CWPS of subtype C1L. lactis MG1363. The CWPS of L. lactis 3107 is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units linked by phosphodiester bonds with the structure 6-α-Glc-3-β-Galf-3-β-GlcNAc-2-β-Galf-6-α-GlcNAc-1-P. Combinations of genes from the variable region of subtype C2 were introduced into a mutant of subtype C1L. lactis NZ9000 deficient in CWPS biosynthesis. The resulting recombinant mutant synthesized a polysaccharide with a composition characteristic of that of subtype C2L. lactis 3107 and not wild-type C1L. lactis NZ9000. By challenging the recombinant mutant with various lactococcal phages, we demonstrated that CWPS is the host cell surface receptor of tested bacteriophages of both the P335 and 936 groups and that differences between the CWPS structures play a crucial role in determining phage host range. Despite the efforts of nearly 80 years of lactococcal phage research, the precise nature of the cell surface receptors of the P335 and 936 phage group receptors has remained elusive. This work demonstrates the molecular nature of a P335 group receptor while bolstering the evidence of its role in host recognition by phages of the 936 group and at least partially explains why such phages have a very narrow host range. The information generated will be instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how phages recognize specific saccharidic receptors located on the surface of their bacterial host.
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Lafond M, Guais O, Maestracci M, Bonnin E, Giardina T. Four GH11 xylanases from the xylanolytic fungus Talaromyces versatilis act differently on (arabino)xylans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6339-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kishishita S, Yoshimi M, Fujii T, Taylor LE, Decker SR, Ishikawa K, Inoue H. Cellulose-inducible xylanase Xyl10A from Acremonium cellulolyticus: Purification, cloning and homologous expression. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 94:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Efficient function and characterization of GH10 xylanase (Xyl10g) from Gloeophyllum trabeum in lignocellulose degradation. J Biotechnol 2014; 172:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Functional characterization of a vacuolar invertase from Solanum lycopersicum: post-translational regulation by N-glycosylation and a proteinaceous inhibitor. Biochimie 2013; 101:39-49. [PMID: 24374160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant vacuolar invertases, which belong to family 32 of glycoside hydrolases (GH32), are key enzymes in sugar metabolism. They hydrolyse sucrose into glucose and fructose. The cDNA encoding a vacuolar invertase from Solanum lycopersicum (TIV-1) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The functional role of four N-glycosylation sites in TIV-1 has been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Single mutations to Asp of residues Asn52, Asn119 and Asn184, as well as the triple mutant (Asn52, Asn119 and Asn184), lead to enzymes with reduced specific invertase activity and thermostability. Expression of the N516D mutant, as well as of the quadruple mutant (N52D, N119D, N184D and N516D) could not be detected, indicating that these mutations dramatically affected the folding of the protein. Our data indicate that N-glycosylation is important for TIV-1 activity and that glycosylation of N516 is crucial for recombinant enzyme stability. Using a functional genomics approach a new vacuolar invertase inhibitor of S. lycopersicum (SolyVIF) has been identified. SolyVIF cDNA was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Specific interactions between SolyVIF and TIV-1 were investigated by an enzymatic approach and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Finally, qRT-PCR analysis of TIV-1 and SolyVIF transcript levels showed a specific tissue and developmental expression. TIV-1 was mainly expressed in flowers and both genes were expressed in senescent leaves.
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Qin Y, Bao L, Gao M, Chen M, Lei Y, Liu G, Qu Y. Penicillium decumbens BrlA extensively regulates secondary metabolism and functionally associates with the expression of cellulase genes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10453-67. [PMID: 24113825 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium decumbens has been used in the industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in China for more than 15 years. Conidiation is essential for most industrial fungi because conidia are used as starters in the first step of fermentation. To investigate the mechanism of conidiation in P. decumbens, we generated mutants defective in two central regulators of conidiation, FluG and BrlA. Deletion of fluG resulted in neither "fluffy" phenotype nor alteration in conidiation, indicating possible different upstream mechanisms activating brlA between P. decumbens and Aspergillus nidulans. Deletion of brlA completely blocked conidiation. Further investigation of brlA expression in different media (nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor) and different culture states (liquid or solid) showed that brlA expression is required but not sufficient for conidiation. The brlA deletion strain exhibited altered hyphal morphology with more branches. Genome-wide expression profiling identified BrlA-dependent genes in P. decumbens, including genes previously reported to be involved in conidiation as well as previously reported chitin synthase genes and acid protease gene (pepB). The expression levels of seven secondary metabolism gene clusters (from a total of 28 clusters) were drastically regulated in the brlA deletion strain, including a downregulated cluster putatively involved in the biosynthesis of the mycotoxins roquefortine C and meleagrin. In addition, the expression levels of most cellulase genes were upregulated in the brlA deletion strain detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The brlA deletion strain also exhibited an 89.1 % increase in cellulase activity compared with the wild-type strain. The results showed that BrlA in P. decumbens not only has a key role in regulating conidiation, but it also regulates secondary metabolism extensively as well as the expression of cellulase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China,
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Ding H, Wang F. A novel highly thermostable xylanase stimulated by Ca2+ from Thermotoga thermarum: cloning, expression and characterization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:26. [PMID: 23418789 PMCID: PMC3598563 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylanase is an important component of hemicellulase enzyme system. Since it plays an important role in the hydrolysis of hemicellulose into xylooligosaccharides (XOs), high thermostable xylanase has been the focus of much recent attention as powerful enzyme as well as in the field of biomass utilization. RESULTS A xylanase gene (xyn10A) with 3,474 bp was cloned from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga thermarum that encodes a protein containing 1,158 amino acid residues. Based on amino acid sequence homology, hydrophobic cluster and three dimensional structure analyses, it was attested that the xylanase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 10 with five carbohydrate binding domains. When the xylanase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the specific enzyme activity of xylanase produced by the recombinant strain was up to 145.8 U mg-1. The xylanase was optimally active at 95°C, pH 7.0. In addition, it exhibited high thermostability over broad range of pH 4.0-8.5 and temperature 55-90°C upon the addition of 5 mM Ca2+. Confirmed by Ion Chromatography System (ICS) analysis, the end products of the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan were xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose, xylopentaose and xylohexaose. CONCLUSIONS The xylanase from T. thermarum is one of the hyperthermophilic xylanases that exhibits high thermostability, and thus, is a suitable candidate for generating XOs from cellulosic materials such as agricultural and forestry residues for the uses as prebiotics and precursors for further preparation of furfural and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjuan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaihai Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, 213337, Nanjing, China
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Dimarogona M, Topakas E, Christakopoulos P, Chrysina ED. The structure of a GH10 xylanase fromFusarium oxysporumreveals the presence of an extended loop on top of the catalytic cleft. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 68:735-42. [DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912007044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Zheng Z, Chen T, Zhao M, Wang Z, Zhao X. Engineering Escherichia coli for succinate production from hemicellulose via consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:37. [PMID: 22455836 PMCID: PMC3340313 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrant nature of hemicellulosic materials and the high cost in depolymerization are the primary obstacles preventing the use of xylan as feedstock for fuel and chemical production. Consolidated bioprocessing, incorporating enzyme-generating, biomass-degrading and bioproduct-producing capabilities into a single microorganism, could potentially avoid the cost of the dedicated enzyme generation in the process of xylan utilization. In this study, we engineered Escherichia coli strains capable of exporting three hemicellulases to the broth for the succinate production directly from beechwood xylan. RESULTS Xylanases were extracellular environment-directed by fusing with OsmY. Subsequently, twelve variant OsmY fused endoxylanase-xylosidase combinations were characterized and tested. The combination of XynC-A from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and XyloA from Fusarium graminearum which appeared to have optimal enzymatic properties was identified as the best choice for xylan hydrolysis (0.18 ± 0.01 g/l protein in the broth with endoxylanase activity of 12.14 ± 0.34 U/mg protein and xylosidase activity of 92 ± 3 mU/mg protein at 8 h after induction). Further improvements of hemicellulases secretion were investigated by lpp deletion, dsbA overexpression and expression level optimization. With co-expression of α-arabinofuranosidase, the engineered E. coli could hydrolyze beechwood xylan to pentose monosaccharides. The hemicellulolytic capacity was further integrated with a succinate-producing strain to demonstrate the production of succinate directly from xylan without externally supplied hydrolases and any other organic nutrient. The resulting E. coli Z6373 was able to produce 0.37 g/g succinate from xylan anaerobically equivalent to 76% of that from xylan acid hydrolysates. CONCLUSIONS This report represents a promising step towards the goal of hemicellulosic chemical production. This engineered E. coli expressing and secreting three hemicellulases demonstrated a considerable succinate production on the released monosaccharides from xylan. The ability to use lower-cost crude feedstock will make biological succinate production more economically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Activity-based metagenomic screening and biochemical characterization of bovine ruminal protozoan glycoside hydrolases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8106-13. [PMID: 21948825 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05925-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen, the foregut of herbivorous ruminant animals such as cattle, functions as a bioreactor to process complex plant material. Among the numerous and diverse microbes involved in ruminal digestion are the ruminal protozoans, which are single-celled, ciliated eukaryotic organisms. An activity-based screen was executed to identify genes encoding fibrolytic enzymes present in the metatranscriptome of a bovine ruminal protozoan-enriched cDNA expression library. Of the four novel genes identified, two were characterized in biochemical assays. Our results provide evidence for the effective use of functional metagenomics to retrieve novel enzymes from microbial populations that cannot be maintained in axenic cultures.
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