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Robaszkiewicz K, Siatkowska M, Wadman RI, Kamsteeg EJ, Chen Z, Merve A, Parton M, Bugiardini E, de Bie C, Moraczewska J. A Novel Variant in TPM3 Causing Muscle Weakness and Concomitant Hypercontractile Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16147. [PMID: 38003336 PMCID: PMC10671854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel variant of unknown significance c.8A > G (p.Glu3Gly) in TPM3 was detected in two unrelated families. TPM3 encodes the transcript variant Tpm3.12 (NM_152263.4), the tropomyosin isoform specifically expressed in slow skeletal muscle fibers. The patients presented with slowly progressive muscle weakness associated with Achilles tendon contractures of early childhood onset. Histopathology revealed features consistent with a nemaline rod myopathy. Biochemical in vitro assays performed with reconstituted thin filaments revealed defects in the assembly of the thin filament and regulation of actin-myosin interactions. The substitution p.Glu3Gly increased polymerization of Tpm3.12, but did not significantly change its affinity to actin alone. Affinity of Tpm3.12 to actin in the presence of troponin ± Ca2+ was decreased by the mutation, which was due to reduced interactions with troponin. Altered molecular interactions affected Ca2+-dependent regulation of the thin filament interactions with myosin, resulting in increased Ca2+ sensitivity and decreased relaxation of the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity. The hypercontractile molecular phenotype probably explains the distal joint contractions observed in the patients, but additional research is needed to explain the relatively mild severity of the contractures. The slowly progressive muscle weakness is most likely caused by the lack of relaxation and prolonged contractions which cause muscle wasting. This work provides evidence for the pathogenicity of the TPM3 c.8A > G variant, which allows for its classification as (likely) pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Robaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Siatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Renske I. Wadman
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (Z.C.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ashirwad Merve
- Department of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Matthew Parton
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (Z.C.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (Z.C.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Charlotte de Bie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.R.); (M.S.)
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Zhang H, Zhang D, Lu H, Zou D, Hu B, Lian S, Lu S. Antiviral activity of mink interferon alpha expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:976347. [PMID: 36187832 PMCID: PMC9515496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.976347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses can cause infections in mink, including canine distemper virus, mink enteritis virus, and Aleutian disease virus. Current treatments are ineffective, and these infections are often fatal, causing severe economic losses. As antiviral drugs may effectively prevent and control these infections, recent research has increasingly focused on antiviral interferons. Herein, the gene encoding a mature mink interferon alpha (MiIFN-α) was synthesized according to the P. pastoris preference of codon usage and a recombinant plasmid, pPICZαA-MiIFN-α, was constructed. pPICZαA-MiIFN-α was linearized and transformed into the P. pastoris X33 strain, and zeocin-resistant transformants were selected. Protein expression was induced by methanol. SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses showed that a 25-kDa fusion protein was expressed in the culture supernatant. Antiviral activity of the expressed protein was determined using cytopathic effect inhibition (CPEI). The purified MiIFN-α significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus with a green fluorescent protein (VSV-GFP) in F81 feline kidney cells, with an antiviral activity of 6.4 × 107 IU/mL; it also significantly inhibited MEV replication in F81 cells. MiIFN-α antiviral activity against VSV-GFP was significantly reduced on treatment with pH 4 and pH 10 conditions for 24 h (p < 0.01). Serum MiIFN-α concentrations in rat were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay; MiIFN-α concentrations in rat serum peaked at ~36 h after injection. A high dose of MiIFN-α was safe for use. There were no significant differences in body temperature, tissue changes, and lymphocyte, total white blood cell, and central granulocyte counts between the injected and control groups (p > 0.05). These findings lay a foundation for the large-scale production of recombinant MiIFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Han Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Deying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shiying Lu
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Zinkevičiūtė R, Ražanskas R, Kaupinis A, Macijauskaitė N, Čiplys E, Houen G, Slibinskas R. Yeast Secretes High Amounts of Human Calreticulin without Cellular Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1768-1787. [PMID: 35678651 PMCID: PMC9164041 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ER chaperone calreticulin (CALR) also has extracellular functions and can exit the mammalian cell in response to various factors, although the mechanism by which this takes place is unknown. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae efficiently secretes human CALR, and the analysis of this process in yeast could help to clarify how it gets out of eukaryotic cells. We have achieved a secretion titer of about 140 mg/L CALR in our S. cerevisiae system. Here, we present a comparative quantitative whole proteome study in CALR-secreting yeast using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE)-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) as well as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in data-independent analysis mode (LC-MSE). A reconstructed carrier ampholyte (CA) composition of NEPHGE-based first-dimension separation for 2DE could be used instead of formerly commercially available gels. Using LC-MSE, we identified 1574 proteins, 20 of which exhibited differential expression. The largest group of differentially expressed proteins were structural ribosomal proteins involved in translation. Interestingly, we did not find any signs of cellular stress which is usually observed in recombinant protein-producing yeast, and we did not identify any secretory pathway proteins that exhibited changes in expression. Taken together, high-level secretion of human recombinant CALR protein in S. cerevisiae does not induce cellular stress and does not burden the cellular secretory machinery. There are only small changes in the cellular proteome of yeast secreting CALR at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Zinkevičiūtė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.R.); (N.M.); (E.Č.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raimundas Ražanskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.R.); (N.M.); (E.Č.); (R.S.)
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Neringa Macijauskaitė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.R.); (N.M.); (E.Č.); (R.S.)
| | - Evaldas Čiplys
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.R.); (N.M.); (E.Č.); (R.S.)
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.R.); (N.M.); (E.Č.); (R.S.)
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4
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Mapping human calreticulin regions important for structural stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140710. [PMID: 34358706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a highly conserved multifunctional chaperone protein primarily present in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it regulates Ca2+ homeostasis. Recently, CALR has gained special interest for its diverse functions outside the endoplasmic reticulum, including the cell surface and extracellular space. Although high-resolution structures of CALR exist, it has not yet been established how different regions and individual amino acid residues contribute to structural stability of the protein. In the present study, we have identified key residues determining the structural stability of CALR. We used a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system to express and purify 50 human CALR mutants, which were analysed for several parameters including secretion titer, melting temperature (Tm), stability and oligomeric state. Our results revealed the importance of a previously identified small patch of conserved surface residues, amino acids 166-187 ("cluster 2") for structural stability of the human CALR protein. Two residues, Tyr172 and Asp187, were critical for maintaining the native structure of the protein. Mutant D187A revealed a severe drop in secretion titer, it was thermally unstable, prone to degradation, and oligomer formation. Tyr172 was critical for thermal stability of CALR and interacted with the third free Cys163 residue. This illustrates an unusual thermal stability of CALR dominated by Asp187, Tyr172 and Cys163, which may interact as part of a conserved structural unit. Besides structural clusters, we found a correlation of some measured parameter values in groups of CALR mutants that cause myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and in mutants that may be associated with sudden unexpected death (SUD).
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Bandla S, Diaz S, Nasheuer HP, FitzGerald U. ATPase activity of human binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) variants is enhanced by signal sequence and physiological concentrations of Mn 2. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1355-1369. [PMID: 31033254 PMCID: PMC6668376 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B‐cell immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) is an essential endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone normally found in the ER lumen. However, BiP also has other extracellular and intracellular functions. As it is unclear whether peripheral BiP has a signal and/or ER retention sequence, here we produced and biochemically characterised four variants of BiP. The variants differed depending on the presence or the absence of signal and ER retention peptides. Proteins were purified using nickel affinity chromatography, and variant size and quality were confirmed using SDS/PAGE gels. The thermal denaturing temperature of these proteins was found to be 46–47 °C. In addition, we characterised nucleotide binding properties in the absence and the presence of divalent cations. Interestingly, in the absence of cations, ADP has a higher binding affinity to BiP than ATP. The presence of divalent cations results in a decrease of the Kd values of both ADP and ATP, indicating higher affinities of both nucleotides for BiP. ATPase assays were carried out to study the enzyme activity of these variants and to characterise the kinetic parameters of BiP variants. Variants with the signal sequence had higher specific activities than those without. Both Mg2+ and Mn2+ efficiently stimulated the ATPase activity of these variants at low micromolar concentrations, whereas calcium failed to stimulate BiP ATPase. Our novel findings indicate the potential functionality of BiP variants that retain a signal sequence, and also reveal the effect of physiological concentrations of cations on the nucleotide binding properties and enzyme activities of all variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanthi Bandla
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Suraya Diaz
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heinz Peter Nasheuer
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Centre for Chromosome Biology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Una FitzGerald
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Vieira Gomes AM, Souza Carmo T, Silva Carvalho L, Mendonça Bahia F, Parachin NS. Comparison of Yeasts as Hosts for Recombinant Protein Production. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020038. [PMID: 29710826 PMCID: PMC6027275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production emerged in the early 1980s with the development of genetic engineering tools, which represented a compelling alternative to protein extraction from natural sources. Over the years, a high level of heterologous protein was made possible in a variety of hosts ranging from the bacteria Escherichia coli to mammalian cells. Recombinant protein importance is represented by its market size, which reached $1654 million in 2016 and is expected to reach $2850.5 million by 2022. Among the available hosts, yeasts have been used for producing a great variety of proteins applied to chemicals, fuels, food, and pharmaceuticals, being one of the most used hosts for recombinant production nowadays. Historically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the dominant yeast host for heterologous protein production. Lately, other yeasts such as Komagataella sp., Kluyveromyces lactis, and Yarrowia lipolytica have emerged as advantageous hosts. In this review, a comparative analysis is done listing the advantages and disadvantages of using each host regarding the availability of genetic tools, strategies for cultivation in bioreactors, and the main techniques utilized for protein purification. Finally, examples of each host will be discussed regarding the total amount of protein recovered and its bioactivity due to correct folding and glycosylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Milton Vieira Gomes
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Talita Souza Carmo
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Silva Carvalho
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Mendonça Bahia
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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Wu S, Zhang H, Luo M, Chen K, Yang W, Bai L, Huang A, Wang D. High Level Soluble Expression and ATPase Characterization of Human Heat Shock Protein GRP78. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2017; 82:186-191. [PMID: 28320302 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human GRP78 has been shown to promote cancer progression and is regarded as a novel target for anticancer drugs. However, generation of recombinant full-length GRP78 remains challenging. This report demonstrates that E. coli autoinduction is an excellent method for the preparation of active recombinant GRP78 protein. The final yield was approximately 50 mg/liter of autoinduction culture. Gel-filtration experiments confirmed that the chaperone is a monomer. The purified human GRP78 catalyzed the conversion of ATP to ADP without requiring metal ions as cofactors. Three mutants, T38A, T229A, and S300A, exhibited much lower activity than wild-type GRP78, indicating that the active sites of the ATPase are located at the negatively charged cavity. Three mutants in the negatively charged cavity region dramatically reduced GRP78 activity, further confirming the region as the site of ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Disease, YiXueYuanlu-1, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China.
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Zinkevičiūtė R, Bakūnaitė E, Čiplys E, Ražanskas R, Raškevičiūtė J, Slibinskas R. Heat shock at higher cell densities improves measles hemagglutinin translocation and human GRP78/BiP secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:690-700. [PMID: 25907596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The yield of heterologous proteins is often limited by several bottlenecks in the secretory pathway of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was shown earlier that synthesis of measles virus hemagglutinin (MeH) is inefficient mostly due to a bottleneck in the translocation of viral protein precursors into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of yeast cells. Here we report that heat shock with subsequent induction of MeH expression at 37°C improved translocation of MeH precursors when applied at higher cell densities. The amount of MeH glycoprotein increased by about 3-fold after heat shock in the late-log phases of both glucose and ethanol growth. The same temperature conditions increased both secretion titer and yield of another heterologous protein human GRP78/BiP by about 50%. Furthermore, heat shock at the late-log glucose growth phase also improved endogenous invertase yield by approximately 2.7-fold. In contrast, a transfer of yeast culture to lower temperature at diauxic shift followed by protein expression at 20°C almost totally inhibited translocation of MeH precursors. The difference in amounts of MeH glycoprotein under expression at 37°C and 20°C was about 80-fold, while amounts of unglycosylated MeH polypeptides were similar under both conditions. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that besides over-expressed ER-resident chaperone Kar2, an increased expression of several cytosolic proteins (such as Hsp104, Hsp90 and eEF1A) may contribute to improved translocation of MeH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Zinkevičiūtė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania
| | - Edita Bakūnaitė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Čiplys
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania
| | - Raimundas Ražanskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Raškevičiūtė
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.Graiciuno 8, Vilnius, LT-02241, Lithuania.
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Čiplys E, Žitkus E, Gold LI, Daubriac J, Pavlides SC, Højrup P, Houen G, Wang WA, Michalak M, Slibinskas R. High-level secretion of native recombinant human calreticulin in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:165. [PMID: 26471510 PMCID: PMC4608220 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calreticulin (CRT) resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and functions to chaperone proteins, ensuring proper folding, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Emerging evidence shows that CRT is a multifunctional protein with significant roles in physiological and pathological processes with presence both inside and outside of the ER, including the cell surface and extracellular space. These recent findings suggest the possible use of this ER chaperone in development of new therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Our study was focused on human CRT production in two yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Results Expression of a full-length human CRT precursor including its native signal sequence resulted in high-level secretion of mature recombinant protein into the culture medium by both S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris. To ensure the structural and functional quality of the yeast-derived CRTs, we compared yeast-secreted human recombinant CRT with native CRT isolated from human placenta. In ESI–MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), both native and recombinant full-length CRT showed an identical molecular weight (mass) of 46,466 Da and were monomeric by non-denaturing PAGE. Moreover, limited trypsin digestion yielded identical fragment patterns of calcium-binding recombinant and native CRT suggesting that the yeast-derived CRT was correctly folded. Furthermore, both native and recombinant CRT induced cellular proliferation (MTS assay) and migration of human dermal fibroblasts (in vitro wound healing assay) with the same specific activities (peak responses at 1–10 ng/ml) indicating that the functional integrity of yeast-derived CRT was completely preserved. Simple one-step purification of CRT from shake-flask cultures resulted in highly pure recombinant CRT protein with yields reaching 75 % of total secreted protein and with production levels of 60 and 200 mg/l from S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, respectively. Finally, cultivation of P. pastoris in a bioreactor yielded CRT secretion titer to exceed 1.5 g/l of culture medium. Conclusions Yeasts are able to correctly process and secrete large amounts of mature recombinant human CRT equally and fully biologically active as native human CRT. This allows efficient production of high-quality CRT protein in grams per liter scale. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0356-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Čiplys
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.A. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Eimantas Žitkus
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.A. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Leslie I Gold
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NB17E4, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Julien Daubriac
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NB17E4, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Savvas C Pavlides
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NB17E4, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Peter Højrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, V.A. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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10
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Korbelik M, Banáth J, Saw KM, Zhang W, Čiplys E. Calreticulin as cancer treatment adjuvant: combination with photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines. Front Oncol 2015; 5:15. [PMID: 25692097 PMCID: PMC4315177 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is recognized as one of the pivotal damage-associated molecular pattern molecules alerting the host of the presence of distressed cells. In this role, calreticulin becomes exposed on the surface of tumor cells treated by several types of cancer therapy including photodynamic therapy (PDT). The goal of the present study was to examine the potential of externally added calreticulin for augmenting antitumor effect mediated by PDT. Recombinant calreticulin was found to bind to mouse SCCVII tumor cells treated by PDT. Compared to the outcome with PDT alone, cure rates of SCCVII tumors grown in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice were elevated when calreticulin (0.4 mg/mouse) was injected peritumorally immediately after PDT. Such therapeutic gain with PDT plus calreticulin combination was not obtained with SCCVII tumors growing in immunodeficient NOD-scid mice. In PDT-vaccine protocol, where PDT-treated SCCVII cells are used for vaccination of SCCVII tumor-bearing mice, adding recombinant calreticulin to cells before their injection produced improved therapeutic effect. The expression of calreticulin gene was reduced in PDT-treated cells, while no changes were observed with the expression of this gene in tumor, liver, and spleen tissues in PDT-vaccine-treated mice. These findings reveal that externally added recombinant calreticulin can boost antitumor response elicited by PDT or PDT-generated vaccines, and can thus serve as an effective adjuvant for cancer treatment with PDT and probably other cancer cell stress-inducing modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Banáth
- British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Kyi Min Saw
- British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Evaldas Čiplys
- Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology , Vilnius , Lithuania
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