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Garcia-Muchart E, Martínez-Avila O, Mejias L, Gilles E, Bluteau C, Lavergne L, Ponsá S. Novel biostimulant bacterial exopolysaccharides production via solid-state fermentation as a valorisation strategy for agri-food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34435-y. [PMID: 39044054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular polymer-based substances recently defined as potential plant biostimulants, as they can increase nutrient uptake, water retention, and resistance to abiotic stress. As sugar-based substances, the bacteria producing them need to grow in a sugar-rich substrate. Hence, some agri-food by-products could be used as suitable carbon sources for EPS production as a cost-effective and more sustainable alternative to conventional substrates. Thus, this study aimed to produce EPS from specific bacterial strains through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agri-food waste as a low-cost substrate. Six residues and five bacterial strains were tested in a lab-scale SSF system. From the assessed substrate-strain combinations, Burkholderia cepacia with ginger juice waste (GJW) resulted in the most promising considering several process parameters (EPS production, cumulative oxygen consumption, biomass growth, reducing sugars consumption). Also, dynamic monitoring of the system allowed for establishing 5 days as a suitable fermentation time. Then, using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design), the process was optimised based on airflow rate (AF), inoculum size (IS), and micronutrient concentration (MN). In this stage, the best conditions found were at 0.049 (± 0.014) L h-1 per gram of dry matter (DM) for AF, 8.4 (± 0.9) E + 09 CFU g-1 DM for IS, and 0.07 (± 0.01) mL g-1 DM for MN, reaching up to 71.1 (± 3.2) mg crude EPS g-1 DM. Results show the potential of this approach to provide a new perspective on the value chain for the agri-food industry by introducing it to a circular economy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Garcia-Muchart
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez-Avila
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain.
| | - Laura Mejias
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Eline Gilles
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Chloé Bluteau
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Lucie Lavergne
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Sergio Ponsá
- BETA Tech Centre (TECNIO Network), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Ctra. de Roda 70, 08500, Vic, Spain
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Dionisi HM, Lozada M, Campos E. Diversity of GH51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase homolog sequences from subantarctic intertidal sediments. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Carbonaro M, Aulitto M, Gallo G, Contursi P, Limauro D, Fiorentino G. Insight into CAZymes of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Characterization of a New Multifunctional GH9 Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010243. [PMID: 36613686 PMCID: PMC9820247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bio-based era, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are biocatalysts used in many industrial processes, playing a key role in the conversion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic waste biomasses. In this context, many thermophilic microorganisms are considered as convenient sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In this work, a functional genomic annotation of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18, a recently discovered thermo-acidophilic microorganism, showed a wide reservoir of putative CAZymes. Among them, a novel enzyme belonging to the family 9 of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs), named AmCel9, was identified; in-depth in silico analyses highlighted that AmCel9 shares general features with other GH9 members. The synthetic gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The monomeric enzyme has an optimal catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and has comparable activity at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C. It also has a broad substrate specificity, a typical behavior of multifunctional cellulases; the best activity is displayed on β-1,4 linked glucans. Very interestingly, AmCel9 also hydrolyses filter paper and microcrystalline cellulose. This work gives new insights into the properties of a new thermophilic multifunctional GH9 enzyme, that looks a promising biocatalyst for the deconstruction of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Loc NH, Ngoc LMT, Quang HT, Huy ND, Luong NN. Cloning and expression of two genes coding endo-β-1,4-glucanases from Trichoderma asperellum PQ34 in Pichia pastoris. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo genes coding endo-β-1,4-glucanases were cloned from Trichoderma asperellum PQ34 which was isolated from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The expression of these genes in Pichia pastoris produced two enzymes with molecular masses of approximately 46 kDa (about 42 kDa of enzymes and 4 kDa of signal peptide). The effects of induction time and temperature, inducer concentration, and culture medium on the endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity were investigated. The results showed that the highest total activities of two endo-β-1,4-glucanases were approximately 4.7 × 10
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Liao H, Zheng H, Li S, Wei Z, Mei X, Ma H, Shen Q, Xu Y. Functional diversity and properties of multiple xylanases from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26224514 PMCID: PMC4519791 DOI: 10.1038/srep12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiple xylanase system with high levels of xylanase activity produced from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 using agricultural waste as a substrate has been previously reported. However, the eco-physiological properties and origin of the multiplicity of xylanases remain unclear. In the present study, eight active bands were detected using zymography, and all bands were identified as putative xylanases using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. These putative xylanases are encoded by six different xylanase genes. To evaluate the functions and eco-physiological properties of xylanase genes, xyn10A, xyn11A, xyn10B and xyn11B were expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzymes xyn10A and xyn10B belong to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 xylanases, while xyn11A and xyn11B belong to GH11 xylanases. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant proteins revealed that all enzymes exhibited xylanase activity against xylans but with different substrate specificities, properties and kinetic parameters. These results demonstrated that the production of multiple xylanases in P. oxalicum GZ-2 was attributed to the genetic redundancy of xylanases and the post-translational modifications, providing insight into a more diverse xylanase system for the efficient degradation of complex hemicelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Liao
- 1] National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China [2] Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 88 Zhong Ke Road, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuixian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinlan Mei
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of plant protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Qian C, Liu N, Yan X, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Wang Q. Engineering a high-performance, metagenomic-derived novel xylanase with improved soluble protein yield and thermostability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boyce A, Walsh G. Characterisation of a novel thermostable endoglucanase from Alicyclobacillus vulcanalis of potential application in bioethanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7515-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liao H, Li S, Zheng H, Wei Z, Liu D, Raza W, Shen Q, Xu Y. A new acidophilic thermostable endo-1,4-β-mannanase from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2: cloning, characterization and functional expression in Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 25348022 PMCID: PMC4219100 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-014-0090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endo-1,4-β-mannanase is an enzyme that can catalyze the random hydrolysis of β-1, 4-mannosidic linkages in the main chain of mannans, glucomannans and galactomannans and has a number of applications in different biotechnology industries. Penicillium oxalicum is a powerful hemicellulase-producing fungus (Bioresour Technol 123:117-124, 2012); however, few previous studies have focused on the cloning and expression of the endo-1,4-β-mannanase gene from Penicillium oxalicum. Results A gene encoding an acidophilic thermostable endo-1,4-β-mannanase (E.C. 3.2.1.78) from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 5, was cloned and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. A high enzyme activity (84.4 U mL−1) was detected in the culture supernatant. The recombinant endo-1,4-β-mannanase (rPoMan5A) was tagged with 6 × His at its C-terminus and purified using a Ni-NTA Sepharose column to apparent homogeneity. The purified rPoMan5A showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of approximately 61.6 kDa. The specific activity of the purified rPoMan5A was 420.9 U mg−1 using locust bean gum as substrate. The optimal catalytic temperature (10 min assay) and pH value for rPoMan5A are 80°C and pH 4.0, respectively. The rPoMan5A is highly thermostable with a half-life of approximately 58 h at 60°C at pH 4.0. The Km and Vmax values for locust bean gum, konjac mannan, and guar gum are 7.6 mg mL−1 and 1425.5 μmol min−1 mg−1, 2.1 mg mL−1 and 154.8 μmol min−1 mg−1, and 2.3 mg mL−1 and 18.9 μmol min−1 mg−1, respectively. The enzymatic activity of rPoMan5A was not significantly affected by an array of metal ions, but was inhibited by Fe3+ and Hg2+. Analytical results of hydrolytic products showed that rPoMan5A could hydrolyze various types of mannan polymers and released various mannose and manno-oligosaccharides, with the main products being mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannopentaose. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the high-efficient expression and secretion of acid stable and thermostable recombinant endo-1, 4-β-mannanase in Pichia pastoris is suitable for various biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Liao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuixian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haiping Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang S, Wang H, Shi P, Xu B, Bai Y, Luo H, Yao B. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a thermostable β-xylosidase from thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gu C, Zheng F, Long L, Wang J, Ding S. Engineering the expression and characterization of two novel laccase isoenzymes from Coprinus comatus in Pichia pastoris by fusing an additional ten amino acids tag at N-terminus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93912. [PMID: 24710109 PMCID: PMC3977997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The detail understanding of physiological/biochemical characteristics of individual laccase isoenzymes in fungi is necessary for fundamental and application purposes, but our knowledge is still limited for most of fungi due to difficult to express laccases heterologously. In this study, two novel laccase genes, named lac3 and lac4, encoding proteins of 547 and 532-amino acids preceded by 28 and 16-residue signal peptides, respectively, were cloned from the edible basidiomycete Coprinus comatus. They showed 70% identity but much lower homology with other fungal laccases at protein level (less than 58%). Two novel laccase isoenzymes were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris by fusing an additional 10 amino acids (Thr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Pro-Phe-Asn-Thr-Asn-Ser) tag at N-terminus, and the volumetric activities could be dramatically enhanced from undetectable level to 689 and 1465 IU/l for Lac3 and Lac4, respectively. Both laccases possessed the lowest Km and highest kcat/Km value towards syringaldazine, followed by ABTS, guaiacol and 2,6-dimethylphenol similar as the low redox potential laccases from other microorganisms. Lac3 and Lac4 showed resistant to SDS, and retained 31.86% and 43.08% activity in the presence of 100 mM SDS, respectively. Lac3 exhibited higher decolorization efficiency than Lac4 for eleven out of thirteen different dyes, which may attribute to the relatively higher catalytic efficiency of Lac3 than Lac4 (in terms of kcat/Km) towards syringaldazine and ABTS. The mild synergistic decolorization by two laccases was observed for triphenylmethane dyes but not for anthraquinone and azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Gu
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lu H, Luo H, Shi P, Huang H, Meng K, Yang P, Yao B. A novel thermophilic endo-β-1,4-mannanase from Aspergillus nidulans XZ3: functional roles of carbohydrate-binding module and Thr/Ser-rich linker region. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2155-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cellulose degradation by Sulfolobus solfataricus requires a cell-anchored endo-β-1-4-glucanase. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:5091-100. [PMID: 22821975 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00672-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sequence encoding a putative extracellular endoglucanase (sso1354) was identified in the complete genome sequence of Sulfolobus solfataricus. The encoded protein shares signature motifs with members of glycoside hydrolases family 12. After an unsuccessful first attempt at cloning the full-length coding sequences in Escherichia coli, an active but unstable recombinant enzyme lacking a 27-residue N-terminal sequence was generated. This 27-amino-acid sequence shows significant similarity with corresponding regions in the sugar binding proteins AraS, GlcS, and TreS of S. solfataricus that are responsible for anchoring them to the plasma membrane. A strategy based on an effective vector/host genetic system for Sulfolobus and on expression control by the promoter of the S. solfataricus gene which encodes the glucose binding protein allowed production of the enzyme in sufficient quantities for study. In fact, the enzyme expressed in S. solfataricus was stable and highly thermoresistant and showed optimal activity at low pH and high temperature. The protein was detected mainly in the plasma membrane fraction, confirming the structural similarity to the sugar binding proteins. The results of the protein expression in the two different hosts showed that the SSO1354 enzyme is endowed with an endo-β-1-4-glucanase activity and specifically hydrolyzes cellulose. Moreover, it also shows significant but distinguishable specificity toward several other sugar polymers, such as lichenan, xylan, debranched arabinan, pachyman, and curdlan.
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Bai Y, Huang H, Meng K, Shi P, Yang P, Luo H, Luo C, Feng Y, Zhang W, Yao B. Identification of an acidic α-amylase from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 and assessment of its application in the starch industry. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Purification and characterization of a β-1,3-glucomannanase expressed in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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