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Ali M, Mooi J, Lawrentschuk N, McKay RR, Hannan R, Lo SS, Hall WA, Siva S. The Role of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2022; 82:613-622. [PMID: 35843777 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment modality for primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). OBJECTIVE To review and summarise the evidence on the use of SABR in RCC in a narrative review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed an online search of the PubMed database from January 2000 through December 2021. Studies of SABR/stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) targeting primary, extracranial, or intracranial metastatic RCC were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Two meta-analyses (including 54 studies), and 13 prospective and 20 retrospective studies were included in this review. In aggregate, SABR for 589 primary RCCs in 575 patients resulted in a local control rate of above 90% with grade 3-4 toxicity of 0-9%. Similarly, the local control rate ranged between 90% and 97% with SRS in 1225 patients with intracranial metastatic RCC. SABR was able to delay systemic therapy for at least 1 yr in 70-90% of oligometastatic RCC patients with grade 3-4 toxicity of <10%. As per the early data, the combination of SABR with systemic therapy for metastatic RCC, such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy, appears safe, feasible, and tolerable. CONCLUSIONS We outlined data supporting SABR in the key clinical scenarios of primary and metastatic, including oligometastatic, RCC in lieu of systemic therapy, in combination with systemic therapy, and palliation of brain and spinal metastases. PATIENT SUMMARY Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a relatively new treatment option in kidney cancer. Here, we review the published literature on the experience of using SABR in kidney cancer. The accumulated evidence demonstrates that SABR can be used safely and effectively to treat selected cases of primary or secondary kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Mooi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Raquibul Hannan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Simon S Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Shankar Siva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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How vitamin E and its derivatives regulate tumour cells via the MAPK signalling pathway?'. Gene 2022; 808:145998. [PMID: 34626718 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In tumour cells, vitamin E and its derivatives play a critical role in the regulation of multiple signalling pathways through their oxidative and nonoxidative functions. To date, there are 8 known natural vitamin E forms and many kinds of derivatives, among which VES and α-TEA have excellent anticancer activities. The MAPK pathway consists of a complex cascade of proteins that control the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of tumour cells. The MAPK pathway includes four subfamilies, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, and ERK5. Most of the proteins in these subfamilies interact with each other in a complex manner. The anticancer function of vitamin E and its derivatives is closely related to the MAPK cascade. Studies have shown that in tumour cells, α-T/γ-T/γ-T3/δ-T3/VES/α-TEA regulated ERK1/2, prevent tumorigenesis, inhibit tumour cell growth and metastasis and induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest; γ-T3/δ-T3/VES/α-TEA regulates JNK1/2, induce apoptosis, reduce ceramide synthesis and inhibit proliferation; and γ-T3/δ-T3/VES regulate p38 MAPK and induce apoptosis. This paper reviews the role of vitamin E and its derivatives in the MAPK cascade, and tumour cells are used as a model in an attempt to explore the mechanism of their interactions.
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Mollica V, Santoni M, Di Nunno V, Cimadamore A, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Battelli N, Montironi R, Massari F. Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1463-1475. [PMID: 32160846 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200311121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of renal cell carcinoma is rapidly evolving and immunotherapy, mostly consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors, is revolutionizing the treatment scenario of metastatic patients. Novel fractionation schedules of radiotherapy, consisting of high doses in few fractions, can overcome the radioresistance of this tumor. Localized radiotherapy is associated with a systemic effect, known as the abscopal effect. This effect mediated by the immune system can be enhanced associating radiotherapy with immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE In this review, we explore the role of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in RCC, the rationale of combining these strategies and the on-going clinical trials investigating combinations of these two treatment modalities. CONCLUSION Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy has a strong rationale and pre-clinical studies support their association because it can overcome the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment and increase the anti-tumor immune response. More clinical evidence, deriving from onclinical trials, are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of these treatments combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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γ-Tocotrienol and α-Tocopherol Ether Acetate Enhance Docetaxel Activity in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020398. [PMID: 31963634 PMCID: PMC7024271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, and metastatic prostate cancer is currently incurable. Prostate cancer frequently becomes resistant to standard of care treatments, and the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Combination therapy is one tool that can be used to combat therapeutic resistance and drug toxicity. Vitamin E (VE) compounds and analogs have been proposed as potential non-toxic chemotherapeutics. Here we modeled combination therapy using mixture design response surface methodology (MDRSM), a statistical technique designed to optimize mixture compositions, to determine whether combinations of three chemotherapeutic agents: γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), α-tocopherol ether acetate (α-TEA), and docetaxel (DOC), would prove more effective than docetaxel alone in the treatment of human prostate cancer cells. Response surfaces were generated for cell viability, and the optimal treatment combination for reducing cell viability was calculated. We found that a combination of 20 µM γ-T3, 30 µM α-TEA, and 25 nm DOC was most effective in the treatment of PC-3 cells. We also found that the combination of γ-T3 and α-TEA with DOC decreased the amount of DOC required to reduce cell viability in PC-3 cells and ameliorated therapeutic resistance in DOC-resistant PC-3 cells.
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Rojas C, Sala M, Thomas AG, Datta Chaudhuri A, Yoo SW, Li Z, Dash RP, Rais R, Haughey NJ, Nencka R, Slusher B. A novel and potent brain penetrant inhibitor of extracellular vesicle release. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3857-3870. [PMID: 31273753 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are constitutively shed from cells and released by various stimuli. Their protein and RNA cargo are modified by the stimulus, and in disease conditions can carry pathological cargo involved in disease progression. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is a major regulator in at least one of several independent routes of EV biogenesis, and its inhibition is a promising new therapeutic approach for neurological disorders. Unfortunately, known inhibitors exhibit μM potency, poor physicochemical properties, and/or limited brain penetration. Here, we sought to identify a drug-like inhibitor of nSMase2. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We conducted a human nSMase2 high throughput screen (>365,000 compounds). Selected hits were optimized focusing on potency, selectivity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetics, and ability to inhibit EV release in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS We identified phenyl(R)-(1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-8-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamate (PDDC), a potent (pIC50 = 6.57) and selective non-competitive inhibitor of nSMase2. PDDC was metabolically stable, with excellent oral bioavailability (%F = 88) and brain penetration (AUCbrain /AUCplasma = 0.60). PDDC dose-dependently (pEC50 = 5.5) inhibited release of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEV). In an in vivo inflammatory brain injury model, PDDC robustly inhibited ADEV release and the associated peripheral immunological response. A closely related inactive PDDC analogue was ineffective. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PDDC is a structurally novel, potent, orally available, and brain penetrant inhibitor of nSMase2. PDDC inhibited release of ADEVs in tissue culture and in vivo. PDDC is actively being tested in animal models of neurological disease and, along with closely related analogues, is being considered for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Rojas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michal Sala
- Chem Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ranjeet P Dash
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Radim Nencka
- Chem Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mery B, Rancoule C, Rowinski E, Bosacki C, Vallard A, Guy JB, Magné N. Cancer du rein et radiothérapie : radiorésistance et au-delà. Bull Cancer 2019; 105 Suppl 3:S280-S285. [PMID: 30595157 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(18)30383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
KIDNEY CANCER AND RADIOTHERAPY RADIORESISTANCE AND BEYOND: Metastatic renal cancer has a poor prognosis because of the limited impact of usual treatment modalities, and notably radiotherapy. Renal cell carcinoma is traditionally considered to be radioresistant, and conventional radiotherapy fraction sizes of 1.8 to 2 Gy are thought to have little role in its management. Technological advances in radiation oncology have led to stereotactic approaches that overcome radio resistance mechanisms of renal cancer cells and could be successful. The technical ability of applying high dose per fraction, leads to a distinct biological response which is different from the one observed with conventional irradiation through high responses rates. The increased radiobiological effect is attributed to endothelial apoptosis triggered by high fractional dose. The combination of such radiotherapy regimens with targeted drugs paves the way for new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoîte Mery
- Département d'oncologie médicale, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Rancoule
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Rowinski
- Département d'oncologie médicale, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France
| | - Claire Bosacki
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Vallard
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Guy
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez Cedex, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de physique nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Palau VE, Chakraborty K, Wann D, Lightner J, Hilton K, Brannon M, Stone W, Krishnan K. γ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by upregulation of ceramide synthesis and modulation of sphingolipid transport. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:564. [PMID: 29769046 PMCID: PMC5956825 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramide synthesis and metabolism is a promising target in cancer drug development. γ-tocotrienol (GT3), a member of the vitamin E family, orchestrates multiple effects that ensure the induction of apoptosis in both, wild-type and RAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether these effects involve changes in ceramide synthesis and transport. Methods The effects of GT3 on the synthesis of ceramide via the de novo pathway, and the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin were analyzed by the expression levels of the enzymes serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase-6, and dihydroceramide desaturase, and acid sphingomyelinase in wild-type RAS BxPC3, and RAS-mutated MIA PaCa-2 and Panc 1 pancreatic cancer cells. Quantitative changes in ceramides, dihydroceramides, and sphingomyelin at the cell membrane were detected by LCMS. Modulation of ceramide transport by GT3 was studied by immunochemistry of CERT and ARV-1, and the subsequent effects at the cell membrane was analyzed via immunofluorescence of ceramide, caveolin, and DR5. Results GT3 favors the upregulation of ceramide by stimulating synthesis at the ER and the plasma membrane. Additionally, the conversion of newly synthesized ceramide to sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide at the Golgi is prevented by the inhibition of CERT. Modulation ARV1 and previously observed inhibition of the HMG-CoA pathway, contribute to changes in membrane structure and signaling functions, allows the clustering of DR5, effectively initiating apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggest that GT3 targets ceramide synthesis and transport, and that the upregulation of ceramide and modulation of transporters CERT and ARV1 are important contributors to the apoptotic properties demonstrated by GT3 in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Palau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Kanishka Chakraborty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Daniel Wann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Janet Lightner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Keely Hilton
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Marianne Brannon
- Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Koyamangalath Krishnan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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Chang CY, Li JR, Wu CC, Wang JD, Yang CP, Chen WY, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Indomethacin induced glioma apoptosis involving ceramide signals. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ma Z, Xue X. Differentially expressed proteins in the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca‑109, in the presence and absence of gemcitabine. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1873-1878. [PMID: 29138856 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen and study the roles of differentially expressed proteins in the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca‑109, in the presence and absence of gemcitabine (GEM). The 3‑(4,5)‑dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) method was used to assay the vitality of the Eca‑109 cells following treatment with GEM (1‑16 µg/ml). The cell apoptosis was measured by using fluorescence activated cell sorting. The proteins in the treated Eca‑109 cells were extracted, validated, and assayed via two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF‑MS). The differentially expressed proteins were then determined by western blotting. Furthermore, alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure of the treated cells were observed under a transmission electron microscope. GEM significantly inhibited the growth of the Eca‑109 cells in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner, and the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) value was 3.87 µg/ml. The MALDI‑TOF‑MS analysis revealed that there were three differentially expressed proteins following the GEM treatment, compared with the control. The differential proteins were verified to be B cell lymphoma‑2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax)‑α, apoptosis‑associated speck‑like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence (Mcl)‑1. Western blotting revealed that the expression levels of ASC and Bax‑α proteins in the treated cancer cells were significantly upregulated, whereas the Mcl‑1 protein expression was markedly downregulated compared with the control. Furthermore, the GEM treatment destroyed the mitochondrial ultrastructure of the cancer cells, leaving swelled mitochondria, a fading matrix and destroyed the mitochondrial cristae. GEM significantly inhibits the growth and promotes apoptosis of the Eca‑109 cells, due to the alterations in the expression levels of the differential proteins, including ASC, Mcl‑1 and Bax‑α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghuang Ma
- Huangshi Center for Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have identified ceramide as a multifunctional central molecule in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Given its diverse tumor suppressive activities, molecular understanding of ceramide action will produce fundamental insights into processes that limit tumorigenesis and may identify key molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Ceramide can be activated by a diverse array of stresses such as heat shock, genotoxic damage, oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Ceramide triggers a variety of tumor suppressive and anti-proliferative cellular programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and necroptosis by activating or repressing key effector molecules. Defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer contribute to tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The potent and versatile anticancer activity profile of ceramide has motivated drug development efforts to (re-)activate ceramide in established tumors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of ceramide and highlights the potential downstream targets of ceramide which are involved in its tumor suppressive action.
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Xiong A, Yu W, Liu Y, Sanders BG, Kline K. Elimination of ALDH+ breast tumor initiating cells by docosahexanoic acid and/or gamma tocotrienol through SHP-1 inhibition of Stat3 signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:420-30. [PMID: 25648304 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Study investigated the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone and in combination with gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) to eliminate aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) cells and to inhibit mammosphere formation, biomarker and functional assay for tumor initiating cells (TICs), respectively, in human triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), and investigated possible mechanisms of action. DHA upregulated Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) protein levels and suppressed levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pStat3) and its downstream mediators c-Myc, and cyclin D1. siRNA to SHP-1 enhanced the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling, as well as inhibited, in part, the ability of DHA to reduce the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling. γT3 alone and in combination with DHA reduced ALDH+ TNBCs, up-regulated SHP-1 protein levels, and suppressed Stat-3 signaling. Taken together, data demonstrate the anti-TIC potential of achievable concentrations of DHA alone as well as in combination with γT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Xiong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Yaobin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Bob G Sanders
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kimberly Kline
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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De Meerleer G, Khoo V, Escudier B, Joniau S, Bossi A, Ost P, Briganti A, Fonteyne V, Van Vulpen M, Lumen N, Spahn M, Mareel M. Radiotherapy for renal-cell carcinoma. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:e170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee US, Ban JO, Yeon ET, Lee HP, Udumula V, Ham YW, Hong JT. Growth Inhibitory Effect of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butenal Diacetate through Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Increasing DR3 Expression in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:538-43. [PMID: 24009847 PMCID: PMC3762290 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.6.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) are chemical compounds which have been known to be effective in chemoprevention. Death receptors (DR) play a central role in directing apoptosis in several cancer cells. In our previous study, we demonstrated that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal, a MRP product, inhibited human colon cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inactivation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In this study, (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate, a new (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal derivative, was synthesized to improve their solubility and stability in water and then evaluated against NCI-H460 and A549 human lung cancer cells. (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate reduced the viability in both cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner. We also found that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate increased apoptotic cell death through the upregulation of the expression of death receptor (DR)-3 and DR6 in both lung cancer cell lines. In addition to this, the transfection of DR3 siRNA diminished the growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effect of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate on lung cancer cells, however these effects of (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate was not changed by DR6 siRNA. These results indicated that (E)-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal diacetate inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via increasing apoptotic cell death by upregulation of the expression of DR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ung-Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 368-701, Republic of Korea
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Gopalan A, Yu W, Jiang Q, Jang Y, Sanders BG, Kline K. Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1803-11. [PMID: 23065795 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study further examines mechanisms involved in the pro-apoptotic action of gamma-tocopherol (γT) and gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) in human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS γT upregulates phospho-JNK (pJNK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and death receptor-5 (DR5) protein expression as detected by Western blot assays. siRNA knockdown of JNK, CHOP, or DR5 shows that γT-induced apoptosis is JNK/CHOP/DR5 signaling dependent, which is similar to γT3-mediated apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, both γT and γT3 induce increased levels of cellular ceramides and dihydroceramides as determined by LC-MS/MS analyses. Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis using chemical inhibitors blocked the ability of γT and γT3 to induce apoptosis as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and to activate JNK/CHOP/DR5 pro-apoptotic signaling thereby demonstrating the involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in γT- and γT3-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, data show that both γT and γT3 induce apoptosis via de novo ceramide synthesis dependent activation of JNK/CHOP/DR5 pro-apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gopalan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Xiong A, Yu W, Tiwary R, Sanders BG, Kline K. Distinct roles of different forms of vitamin E in DHA-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:923-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Xiong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin; Austin; TX; USA
| | - Weiping Yu
- School of Biological Sciences/C0900; University of Texas at Austin; Austin; TX; USA
| | - Richa Tiwary
- School of Biological Sciences/C0900; University of Texas at Austin; Austin; TX; USA
| | - Bob G. Sanders
- School of Biological Sciences/C0900; University of Texas at Austin; Austin; TX; USA
| | - Kimberly Kline
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin; Austin; TX; USA
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Tiwary R, Yu W, deGraffenried LA, Sanders BG, Kline K. Targeting cholesterol-rich microdomains to circumvent tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R120. [PMID: 22115051 PMCID: PMC3326562 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen substantially improves survival of women with estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) tumors. Tamoxifen resistance (TAMR) limits clinical benefit. RRR-α-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid analogue (α-TEA) is a small bioactive lipid with potent anticancer activity. We evaluated the ability of α-TEA in the presence of tamoxifen to circumvent TAMR in human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Two genotypically matched sets of TAM-sensitive (TAMS) and TAM-resistant (TAMR) human breast cancer cell lines were assessed for signal-transduction events with Western blotting, apoptosis induction with Annexin V-FITC/PI assays, and characterization of cholesterol-rich microdomains with fluorescence staining. Critical involvement of selected mediators was determined by using RNA interference and chemical inhibitors. RESULTS Growth-factor receptors (total and phosphorylated forms of HER-1 and HER-2), their downstream prosurvival mediators pAkt, pmTOR, and pERK1/2, phosphorylated form of estrogen receptor-α (pER-α at Ser-167 and Ser-118, and cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains were highly amplified in TAMR cell lines and enhanced by treatment with TAM. α-TEA disrupted cholesterol-rich microdomains, acted cooperatively with TAM to reduce prosurvival mediators, and induced DR5-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via an endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered pro-death pJNK/CHOP/DR5 amplification loop. Furthermore, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a chemical disruptor of cholesterol rich microdomains, acted cooperatively with TAM to reduce prosurvival mediators and to induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Data for the first time document that targeting cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains is a potential strategy to circumvent TAMR, and the combination of α-TEA + TAM can circumvent TAMR by suppression of prosurvival signaling via disruption of cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains and activation of apoptotic pathways via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tiwary
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Anti-cancer effect of bee venom toxin and melittin in ovarian cancer cells through induction of death receptors and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 258:72-81. [PMID: 22027265 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether bee venom and melittin, a major component of bee venom, inhibit cell growth through enhancement of death receptor expressions in the human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3 and PA-1. Bee venom (1-5 μg/ml) and melittin (0.5-2 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of SKOV3 and PA-1 ovarian cancer cells by the induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner. Consistent with apoptotic cell death, expression of death receptor (DR) 3 and DR6 was increased in both cancer cells, but expression of DR4 was increased only in PA-1 cells. Expression of DR downstream pro-apoptotic proteins including caspase-3, 8, and Bax was concomitantly increased, but the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and the expression of Bcl-2 were inhibited by treatment with bee venom and melittin in SKOV3 and PA-1 cells. Expression of cleaved caspase-3 was increased in SKOV3, but cleaved caspase-8 was increased in PA-1 cells. Moreover, deletion of DR3, DR4, and DR6 by small interfering RNA significantly reversed bee venom and melittin-induced cell growth inhibitory effect as well as down regulation of STAT3 by bee venom and melittin in SKOV3 and PA-1 ovarian cancer cell. These results suggest that bee venom and melittin induce apoptotic cell death in ovarian cancer cells through enhancement of DR3, DR4, and DR6 expression and inhibition of STAT3 pathway.
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Gimenez MS, Oliveros LB, Gomez NN. Nutritional deficiencies and phospholipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2408-33. [PMID: 21731449 PMCID: PMC3127125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are important components of the cell membranes of all living species. They contribute to the physicochemical properties of the membrane and thus influence the conformation and function of membrane-bound proteins, such as receptors, ion channels, and transporters and also influence cell function by serving as precursors for prostaglandins and other signaling molecules and modulating gene expression through the transcription activation. The components of the diet are determinant for cell functionality. In this review, the effects of macro and micronutrients deficiency on the quality, quantity and metabolism of different phospholipids and their distribution in cells of different organs is presented. Alterations in the amount of both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A, E and folate, and other micronutrients, such as zinc and magnesium, are discussed. In all cases we observe alterations in the pattern of phospholipids, the more affected ones being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. The deficiency of certain nutrients, such as essential fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and some metals may contribute to a variety of diseases that can be irreversible even after replacement with normal amount of the nutrients. Usually, the sequelae are more important when the deficiency is present at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S. Gimenez
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.G.); (L.B.O.); Tel.: 54-2652-423789; Fax: 54-2652-431301
| | - Liliana B. Oliveros
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.G.); (L.B.O.); Tel.: 54-2652-423789; Fax: 54-2652-431301
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