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Abstract
Curcumin is a hydrophobic compound with good anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer properties but has poor bioavailability. Liquid crystals (LC) can accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a novel vaginal drug delivery system for cervical cancer using a curcumin LC system. The curcumin LC system was formulated using surfactant, glycerol, and water together with curcumin. Three types of surfactants were used to optimize the formulation, i.e., Tween 80, Cremphor EL, and Labrasol. The optimized formulations were subjected to physicochemical analysis, and their efficacy was evaluated in HeLa cells. The pH of the formulations was in the range of 3.91–4.39. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) observations revealed spherical as well as hexagonal micelles. In vitro release of LC curcumin from vaginal simulated fluid (VSF, pH 4.5) showed a release from 20.47% to 87.25%. The IC50 of curcumin in HeLa cells was 22.5 μg/mL, while the IC25 and IC75 were 6.5 μg/mL and 35μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the formulations was determined in comparison with liquid crystals without curcumin and pure curcumin by performing a t-test based on a significance level of p less than or equal to 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05). The curcumin LC system was able to release the required amount of drug and was effective against the cervical cancer cell line examined.
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Vallamkondu J, Corgiat EB, Buchaiah G, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Liquid Crystals: A Novel Approach for Cancer Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E462. [PMID: 30469457 PMCID: PMC6267481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals are defined as the fourth state of matter forming between solid and liquid states. Earlier the applications of liquid crystals were confined to electronic instruments, but recent research findings suggest multiple applications of liquid crystals in biology and medicine. Here, the purpose of this review article is to discuss the potential biological impacts of liquid crystals in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer along with the risk assessment. In this review, we also discussed the recent advances of liquid crystals in cancer biomarker detection and treatment in multiple cell line models. Cases reviewed here will demonstrate that cancer diagnostics based on the multidisciplinary technology and intriguingly utilization of liquid crystals may become an alternative to regular cancer detection methodologies. Additionally, we discussed the formidable challenges and problems in applying liquid crystal technologies. Solving these problems will require great effort and the way forward is through the multidisciplinary collaboration of physicists, biologists, chemists, material-scientists, clinicians, and engineers. The triumphant outcome of these liquid crystals and their applications in cancer research would be convenient testing for the detection of cancer and may result in treating the cancer patients non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
- Centre for Advanced Materials, NIT Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
| | - Edwin Bernard Corgiat
- Department of Cellular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Yang S, Zhao Q, Xiang H, Liu M, Zhang Q, Xue W, Song B, Yang S. Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of constituents from Toona sinensis on human cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:12. [PMID: 23394678 PMCID: PMC3620677 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural products, including plants, microorganisms and marines, have been considered as valuable sources for anticancer drug discovery. Many Chinese herbs have been discovered to be potential sources of antitumor drugs. Methods In the present study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of the compounds isolated from Toona sinensis, an important herbal medicine. The inhibitory activities of these compounds were investigated on MGC-803, PC3, A549, MCF-7, and NIH3T3 cells in vitro by MTT assay. The mechanism of the antitumor action of active compounds was investigated through AO/EB staining, Hoechst 33258 staining, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting analysis. Results Fifteen compounds were isolated from the roots of Toona sinensis. Betulonic acid (BTA) and 3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (OEA) isolated from the plant inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 and PC3 cells, with IC50 values of 17.7 μM and 13.6 μM, 26.5 μM and 21.9 μM, respectively. Both could lead to cell apoptosis, and apoptosis ratios reached 27.3% and 24.5% in MGC-803 cells at 72 h after treatment at 20 μM, respectively. Moreover, the study of cancer cell apoptotic signaling pathway indicated that both of them could induce cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, involving the expressions of p53, Bax, caspase 9 and caspase 3. Conclusions The study shows that most of the compounds obtained from Toona sinensis could inhibit the growth of human cancer cells. Furthermore, BTA and OEA exhibited potent antitumor activities via induction of cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P,R, China.
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