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Phytic acid potentiates oxaliplatin effects in colorectal cancer induced by 1,2-DMH: the role of miR-224 and miR-200a. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 25:118-124. [PMID: 34667438 PMCID: PMC8506431 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The third most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the highest causes of tumour deaths worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). The main objective of this study was to determine the role of microRNA-224 (miR-224) as well as microRNA-200a (miR-200a) in CRC. Phytic acid (PA) is a natural antitumour product that was reported to inhibit CRC and play a vital role as a chemopreventive agent against CRC. Material and methods We induced CRC in albino rats using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). The miR-224, miR-200a, and β-catenin expressions were determined. ELISAs were performed to investigate Bcl-2 expression, caspase-3 activity, and total tissue antioxidants. Finally, histopathological investigations were performed. Results We observed a chemoprotective role of PA. PA has a synergistic effect as an antitumour agent with oxaliplatin in CRC treatment. The miR-224, miR-200a, and β-catenin expression, when treated with PA alone or with oxaliplatin, was decreased markedly in comparison with the positive control group. The histopathological investigations of colorectal tissues confirmed our molecular and biochemical findings. Conclusions Phytic acid possessed efficient anti-carcinogenic properties alone or with oxaliplatin against 1,2-DMH-induced CRC in rats through pathways of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and antioxidants.
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Pan F, Zhang D, Li N, Liu M. Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Promotes Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis via the miR-30e-5p/ITGA6 Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9980459. [PMID: 34257702 PMCID: PMC8257361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
circRNAs (circular RNAs) are a family of noncoding RNAs and have diverse physiological and pathological functions. However, the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the functions and roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC. qRT-PCR revealed that circFAT1(e2) in CRC tumor tissues was upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and was also upregulated in CRC cell lines. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against circFAT1(e2) were used to decrease the expression of circFAT1(e2) in HCT116 and RKO cells in vitro. The roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC cell metastasis and proliferation were then determined by transwell and CCK-8 assays. The results showed that circFAT1(e2) silencing markedly suppressed CRC growth. Moreover, we identified circFAT1(e2) as a promoter of CRC metastasis. Knockdown of circFAT1(e2) evidently reduced HCT116 and RKO cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the regulatory relationship between circFAT1(e2) and its target miRNAs was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. We demonstrated that circFAT1(e2) could sponge miR-30e-5p, which regulated the expression level of integrin α6 (ITGA6), the downstream target gene of miR-30e-5p. Rescue assays demonstrated that knockdown of miR-30e-5p enhanced CRC proliferation and migration via ITGA6. Taken together, our results reveal the novel oncogenic roles of circFAT1(e2) in CRC through the miR-30e-5p/ITGA6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of General Practice, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, 201199 Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Han L, Yu J, Li H, Li Q. miR-224 aggravates cancer-associated fibroblast-induced progression of non-small cell lung cancer by modulating a positive loop of the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1α axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10431-10449. [PMID: 33819917 PMCID: PMC8064154 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is among the most important tumor-host microenvironment components by affecting tumor progression. This study explored the role of miR-224 in CAF-induced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: A CAF-NSCLC cell co-culture model was established, and the miR-224 expression in CAF was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gain- and loss- of experiments of miR-224 were implemented to verify the effects of CAF on NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and endothelial cell (EC) angiogenesis. Overexpressing genetic or pharmacological interventions were performed to explore the potential mechanisms of Sirtuins 3/AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1α). Results: CAF enhanced the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells and induced EC angiogenesis. miR-224 was significantly altered in CAFs. miR-224 up-regulation exacerbated NSCLC development mediated by CAFs, while miR-224 inhibition mostly reversed CAF-induced effects. Mechanistically, miR-224 targeted the 3’-untranslated regions (UTR) of SIRT3 mRNA, thereby inhibiting SIRT3/AMPK and activating mTOR/HIF-1α. Forced overexpression of SIRT3 up-regulated AMPK and inactivated mTOR/HIF-1α, while inhibiting HIF-1α markedly up-regulated SIRT3/AMPK and reduced mTOR phosphorylation. Interestingly, both Sirt1 overexpression and HIF-1α inhibition repressed miR-224 levels and miR-224-mediated promotive effects in NSCLC. Conclusion: The miR-224-SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR/HIF-1α axis formed a positive feedback loop in modulating CAF-induced carcinogenic effects on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China
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Morris NL, Choudhry MA. Maintenance of gut barrier integrity after injury: Trust your gut microRNAs. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:979-986. [PMID: 33577717 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0120-090rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly dynamic structure essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and providing an interface to prevent gut bacterial translocation. In order to maintain the barrier function, the gut utilizes many defense mechanisms including proliferation, apoptosis, and apical junctional complexes. Disruption of any of these parameters due to injury or disease could negatively impact the intestinal barrier function and homeostasis resulting in increased intestine inflammation, permeability, bacterial dysbiosis, and tissue damage. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA sequences that are master regulators of normal cellular homeostasis. These regulatory molecules affect cellular signaling pathways and potentially serve as candidates for providing a mechanism of impaired gut barrier integrity following GI-related pathologic conditions, ethanol exposure, or trauma such as burn injury. MicroRNAs influence cellular apoptosis, proliferation, apical junction complex expression, inflammation, and the microbiome. Due to their widespread functional affiliations, altered expression of microRNAs are associated with many pathologic conditions. This review explores the role of microRNAs in regulation of intestinal barrier integrity. The studies reviewed demonstrate that microRNAs largely impact intestine barrier function and provide insight behind the observed adverse effects following ethanol and burn injury. Furthermore, these studies suggest that microRNAs are excellent candidates for therapeutic intervention or for biomarkers to manage gut barrier integrity following trauma such as burn injury and other GI-related pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya L Morris
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Current address: Department of Medicine: Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University/Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Geogia, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Kajdasz A, Majer W, Kluzek K, Sobkowiak J, Milecki T, Derebecka N, Kwias Z, Bluyssen HAR, Wesoly J. Identification of RCC Subtype-Specific microRNAs-Meta-Analysis of High-Throughput RCC Tumor microRNA Expression Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:548. [PMID: 33535553 PMCID: PMC7867039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with a nearly non-symptomatic course until the advanced stages of the disease. RCC can be distinguished into three subtypes: papillary (pRCC), chromophobe (chRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing up to 75% of all RCC cases. Detection and RCC monitoring tools are limited to standard imaging techniques, in combination with non-RCC specific morphological and biochemical read-outs. RCC subtype identification relays mainly on results of pathological examination of tumor slides. Molecular, clinically applicable and ideally non-invasive tools aiding RCC management are still non-existent, although molecular characterization of RCC is relatively advanced. Hence, many research efforts concentrate on the identification of molecular markers that will assist with RCC sub-classification and monitoring. Due to stability and tissue-specificity miRNAs are promising candidates for such biomarkers. Here, we performed a meta-analysis study, utilized seven NGS and seven microarray RCC studies in order to identify subtype-specific expression of miRNAs. We concentrated on potentially oncocytoma-specific miRNAs (miRNA-424-5p, miRNA-146b-5p, miRNA-183-5p, miRNA-218-5p), pRCC-specific (miRNA-127-3p, miRNA-139-5p) and ccRCC-specific miRNAs (miRNA-200c-3p, miRNA-362-5p, miRNA-363-3p and miRNA-204-5p, 21-5p, miRNA-224-5p, miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-210-3p) and validated their expression in an independent sample set. Additionally, we found ccRCC-specific miRNAs to be differentially expressed in ccRCC tumor according to Fuhrman grades and identified alterations in their isoform composition in tumor tissue. Our results revealed that changes in the expression of selected miRNA might be potentially utilized as a tool aiding ccRCC subclass discrimination and we propose a miRNA panel aiding RCC subtype distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Kajdasz
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (H.A.R.B.)
| | - Weronika Majer
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (W.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Kluzek
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (H.A.R.B.)
| | - Jacek Sobkowiak
- Department of Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznan, Poland; (J.S.); (T.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tomasz Milecki
- Department of Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznan, Poland; (J.S.); (T.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Natalia Derebecka
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (W.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Kwias
- Department of Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznan, Poland; (J.S.); (T.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hans A. R. Bluyssen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (H.A.R.B.)
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (W.M.); (N.D.)
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Oncolytic Adenovirus CD55-Smad4 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, and Tumor Stemness in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120593. [PMID: 33322272 PMCID: PMC7763845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have significantly increased, and CRC has become the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, exploring novel effective therapies for CRC is imperative. In this study, we investigated the effect of oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 on CRC cell growth. Cell viability assay, animal experiments, flow cytometric analysis, cell migration, and invasion assays, and Western blotting were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. The oncolytic adenovirus CD55-Smad4 was successfully constructed and effectively suppressed CRC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Notably, CD55-Smad4 activated the caspase signaling pathway, inducing the apoptosis of CRC cells. Additionally, the generated oncolytic adenovirus significantly suppressed migration and invasion of CRC cells by overexpressing Smad4 and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. Moreover, CRC cells treated with CD55-Smad4 formed less and smaller spheroid colonies in serum-free culture than cells in control groups, suggesting that CD55-Smad4 suppressed the stemness of CRC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Together, the results of this study provide valuable information for the development of a novel strategy for cancer-targeting gene-virotherapy and provide a deeper understanding of the critical significance of Smad4 in gene therapy of CRC.
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Guglielmi L, Nardella M, Musa C, Cifola I, Porru M, Cardinali B, Iannetti I, Di Pietro C, Bolasco G, Palmieri V, Vilardo L, Panini N, Bonaventura F, Papi M, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Leonetti C, Falcone G, Felsani A, D’Agnano I. Circulating miRNAs in Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by a Human Melanoma Xenograft in Mouse Brains. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061635. [PMID: 32575666 PMCID: PMC7352810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of liquid biomarkers remains a major challenge to improve the diagnosis of melanoma patients with brain metastases. Circulating miRNAs packaged into tumor-secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to tumor progression. To investigate the release of tumor-secreted miRNAs by brain metastasis, we developed a xenograft model where human metastatic melanoma cells were injected intracranially in nude mice. The comprehensive profiles of both free miRNAs and those packaged in sEVs secreted by the melanoma cells in the plasma demonstrated that most (80%) of the sEV-associated miRNAs were also present in serum EVs from a cohort of metastatic melanomas, included in a publicly available dataset. Remarkably, among them, we found three miRNAs (miR-224-5p, miR-130a-3p and miR-21-5p) in sEVs showing a trend of upregulation during melanoma progression. Our model is proven to be valuable for identifying miRNAs in EVs that are unequivocally secreted by melanoma cells in the brain and could be associated to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Guglielmi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Marta Nardella
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Musa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ingrid Cifola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Manuela Porru
- UOSD SAFU–IRCCS-Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ilaria Iannetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | | | - Valentina Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (M.P.)
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vilardo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bonaventura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (M.P.)
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- UOSD SAFU–IRCCS-Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (C.M.); (B.C.); (I.I.); (C.D.P.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | | | - Igea D’Agnano
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (L.G.); (I.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence:
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LINC00619 restricts gastric cancer progression by preventing microRNA-224-5p-mediated inhibition of OPCML. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108390. [PMID: 32359894 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been linked to carcinogenesis; however, little is known about the role of LINC00619 in gastric cancer (GC). LINC00619 was identified among differentially expressed lncRNAs linked to gastric cancer based on microarray analysis and its relationships with miR-224-5p and opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like gene (OPCML) were investigated. LINC00619, miR-224-5p, and OPCML expression were measured in GC tissues and cells. Ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted to assess the effects of LINC00619, miR-224-5p and OPCML on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis as well as their effects on the expression of apoptosis- and metastasis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-2 and MMP-9). Tumorigenicity in the nude mice was also examined. Gastric cancer was characterized by downregulation of LINC00619 and OPCML and upregulation of miR-224-5p. Additionally, we found that miR-224-5p could interact with both LINC00619 and OPCML. Upregulation of LINC00619, which binds to miR-224-5p, led to decreased miR-224-5p expression while increasing the expression of OPCML, a target gene of miR-224-5p. Overexpression of LINC00619 or OPCML or downregulation of miR-224-5p suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration and tumorigenicity while promoting apoptosis in GC. Our results indicated that LINC00619 functions as a tumor suppressor in GC by impairing miR-224-5p-mediated inhibition of OPCML.
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The clinical significance of serum miRNA-224 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:20-27. [PMID: 32166120 PMCID: PMC7062117 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.93052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNA) are small single stranded RNA molecules. They act as key regulators of several cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, tumor differentiation, invasion and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most common primary liver cancer. miRNA-224 is an oncomiR that is highly upregulated in HCC tissues. The aim of the present study was to measure the relative expression of circulating miRNA-224 in the serum of patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and HCC and to assess its usefulness in the diagnosis of HCC. Material and methods Forty-eight patients were classified into two groups: 24 HCV-related HCC patients (HCC group), and 24 HCV-related liver cirrhosis patients (LC group). A third group included 24 healthy volunteers (control group). Clinical examination, imaging studies and routine laboratory investigations, including serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), were done. Quantification of serum miRNA-224 expression was performed using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The relative expression of serum miRNA-224 was significantly higher in HCC patients compared to LC patients and healthy control subjects. Its level correlated positively with the serum concentration of AFP and with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage of HCC. By combining miRNA-224 relative expression with AFP, their diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy increased significantly (95.0%, 92.1% and 93.2%, respectively) compared with either of the two markers alone in discriminating HCC from liver cirrhosis. Conclusions Serum miRNA-224 relative expression may aid in the diagnosis of HCC. Better diagnostic performance is obtained if miRNA-224 is combined with other tumor markers such as AFP.
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Lu Y, Huang W, Chen H, Wei H, Luo A, Xia G, Deng X, Zhang G. MicroRNA-224, negatively regulated by c-jun, inhibits growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype via targeting ADAM17 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4913-4920. [PMID: 31207072 PMCID: PMC6653679 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of miR-224 has been reported to promote cancer progression. However, the role of miR-224 is seldom reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We reported that miR-224 expression was significantly down-regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR-224 decreased OSCC cell growth and invasion. In addition, luciferase and Western blot assays revealed that ADAM17 protein was a downstream target of miR-224. The overexpression of ADAM17 dismissed miR-224's effect on cell growth and invasion. We concluded that miR-224 inhibited OSCC cell growth and invasion through regulating ADAM17 expression. Subsequently, we revealed that c-jun directly bind to miR-224 promoter and decreased miR-224 expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that miR-224 may function as a tumour-suppressive microRNA in OSCC and suggested that miR-224 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyong Lu
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Haiwen Chen
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Huajun Wei
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Aihua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Guangsheng Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Xubin Deng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
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Fassan M, Cui R, Gasparini P, Mescoli C, Guzzardo V, Vicentini C, Munari G, Loupakis F, Lonardi S, Braconi C, Scarpa M, D'Angelo E, Pucciarelli S, Angriman I, Agostini M, D'Incá R, Farinati F, Gafà R, Lanza G, Frankel WL, Croce CM, Valeri N, Rugge M. miR-224 Is Significantly Upregulated and Targets Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 During Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:282-291. [PMID: 30448733 PMCID: PMC6240712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-224 has recently emerged as a driver oncomiR in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, but its pathogenetic role is still controversial. A large phenotypical and molecularly characterized series of preinvasive and invasive colorectal lesions was investigated for miR-224 expression by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The caspase-3 and caspase-7 status was also assessed and correlated to miR-224 dysregulation. miR-224 was significantly upregulated during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in the context of inflammatory bowel disease dysplastic lesions, whereas its expression was significantly downregulated among BRAF-mutated tumors and in the presence of a DNA mismatch repair deficiency. miR-224 targets caspase-3 and caspase-7 in colorectal cancer, and this inverse relation was already evident from the earliest phases of transformation in intestinal mucosa. The miR-224/caspases axis may represent an interesting field of study for innovative biomarkers/therapeutics for BRAF-mutated/DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ri Cui
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Giada Munari
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Scarpa
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Imerio Angriman
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incá
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Carlo Maria Croce
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK; Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK.
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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12
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Cheng Y, Li Z, Xie J, Wang P, Zhu J, Li Y, Wang Y. MiRNA-224-5p inhibits autophagy in breast cancer cells via targeting Smad4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:793-798. [PMID: 30389135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Autophagy is known as a protective intracellular procedure, which can be regulated by several factors. MiRNA has been suggested as a potential element to mediate autophagy pathway in carcinomas. Our study was aim to investigate the role of autophagy in breast cancer cells and identify the involved molecular mechanism METHODS: The expression of LC3I/II, SQSTM1 and Smad4 were detected by western blot. The mRNA level were quantified by real-time PCR. MDC staining was used to directly visualize autophagosome formation. Target Scan 7.2 was used to predict biological targets of miR-224-5p RESULTS: MiR-224 -5p expression was upregulated in metastatic breast cancer and non-metastatic breast cancer cells compare with control. Moreover, miR-224-5p inhibition enhanced cellular autophagy levels in breast cancer cells. MiR-224-5p could suppress Smad4 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, which indicated that Smad4 was identified as a target of miR-224-5p in breast cancer cells with high metastatic potential CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that miR-224-5p inhibited autophagy by targeting Smad4 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results indicated that miR-224-5p/Smad4 regulating autophagy might be a novel regulatory network contributing to metastasis of breast cancer. MiR-224-5p and Smad4 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, which is possibly a novel target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No.1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Zhaoyun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jiaogui Xie
- Department of Urology, The Fifteenth Military Hospital of China, Wusu, Xinjiang, 833000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No.1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
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13
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Salem SM, Hamed AR, Fayez AG, Nour Eldeen G. Non-target Genes Regulate miRNAs-Mediated Migration Steering of Colorectal Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:559-566. [PMID: 30361904 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) trigger a two-layer regulatory network directly or through transcription factors and their co-regulators. Unlike miR-375, the role of miR-145 and miR-224 in inhibiting or driving cancer cell migration is controversial. This study is a step towards addressing the potential of miR-375, miR-145 and miR-224 expression modulation to inhibit colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells migration in vitro through regulation of non-target genes VEGFA, TGFβ1, IGF1, CD105 and CD44. Transwell migration assay results revealed a significant subdue of migration ability of cells transfected with miR-375 and miR-145 mimics and miR-224 inhibitor. Real time PCR data showed that expression of VEGFA, TGFβ1, IGF1, CD105 and CD44 was downregulated as a consequence of exogenous re-expression of miR-375 and inhibition of miR-224. On the other hand, ectopic expression of miR-145 did not affect VEGFA, TGFβ1 and CD44 expression, while it elevated CD105 and suppressed IGF1 expression. MAP4K4, a predicted target of miR-145, was validated as a target that could play a role in miR-145-mediated regulation of migration. At mRNA level, no change was observed in expression of MAP4K4 in cells with restored expression of miR-145, while western blotting analysis revealed a 25% reduction of protein level. By applying luciferase reporter assay, a significant decrease in luciferase activity was observed, supporting that miR-145 directly target 3' UTR of MAP4K4. The study highlighted the involvement of non-target genes VEGFA, TGFβ1, IGF1, CD105 and CD44 in mediating anti- and pro-migratory effect of miR-375 and miR-224, respectively, and validated MAP4K4 as a direct target of anti-migratory miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M Salem
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.,Biology Unit - Central Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaaeldin G Fayez
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour Eldeen
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research Unit, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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14
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Yu J, Cao X, Zheng Y, Yan L, Wang J. Abnormal expression of miR‑133a in patients with acute myocardial infarction following radical surgery for gastric cancer and the underlying mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5023-5029. [PMID: 30320356 PMCID: PMC6236279 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)‑133a in patients with or without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following radical surgery for gastric cancer, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Blood samples were collected from patients with or without AMI in order to detect the expression levels of miR‑133a and endothelial injury markers. In addition, an AMI rat model was established. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of miR‑133a and B‑cell lymphoma 2‑like 1 (Bcl2l1). In addition, an ELISA assay was used for endothelial injury marker analysis. To investigate the effects of miR‑133a on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a miR‑133a inhibitor was used. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were subsequently detected using an MTT assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was also conducted to detect Bcl2l1 protein expression. The results suggested that patients with AMI exhibited significantly increased expression of endothelial injury markers (von Willebrand factor, heart‑type fatty acid‑binding protein and cardiac troponin I) and miR‑133a in blood samples compared with patients without AMI. In addition, treatment with a miR‑133a mimic was able to upregulate the expression of endothelial injury markers in an AMI rat model, whereas treatment with a miR‑133a inhibitor had the opposite effect. Furthermore, cellular experiments indicated that a miR‑133a inhibitor could promote HUVEC proliferation and reduce cell apoptosis. The present results also confirmed that miR‑133a directly targets Bcl2l1 and negatively regulates Bcl2l1 expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that miR‑133a was involved in the endothelial injury process after AMI by targeting Bcl2l1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xufen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Liqiu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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15
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Hibner G, Kimsa-Furdzik M, Francuz T. Relevance of MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102944. [PMID: 30262723 PMCID: PMC6213499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third and the second most common cancer in men and in women, respectively. Every year, more than one million new CRC cases and more than half a million deaths are reported worldwide. The majority of new cases occur in developed countries. Current screening methods have significant limitations. Therefore, a lot of scientific effort is put into the development of new diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. Currently used prognostic markers are also limited in assessing the effectiveness of CRC therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a promising subject of research especially since single miRNA can recognize a variety of different mRNA transcripts. MiRNAs have important roles in epigenetic regulation of basic cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration, and may serve as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors during cancer development. Indeed, in a large variety of human tumors, including CRC, significant distortions in miRNA expression profiles have been observed. Thus, the use of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer, particularly in CRC, appears to be an inevitable consequence of the advancement in oncology and gastroenterology. Here, we review the literature to discuss the potential usefulness of selected miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Hibner
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kimsa-Furdzik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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16
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Lei P. Long non‑coding RNA ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 pseudogene 3 controls glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis via regulation of the microRNA‑224‑5p/tumor protein D52 axis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4239-4246. [PMID: 30221720 PMCID: PMC6172404 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role and regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNA ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3) in glioma development. The expression of FTH1P3 in low- and high-grade glioma tissues was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. FTH1P3 expression was overexpressed or suppressed in U251 glioma cells to examine the involvement of FTH1P3 in glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis using MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively. In addition, the regulatory association between FTH1P3, microRNA (miR)-224-5p and tumor protein (TP) D52 was investigated to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms of FTH1P3 in glioma by luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that FTH1P3 was up-regulated in glioma tissues, and FTH1P3 expression in high-grade glioma tissues was significantly higher compared with that in low-grade glioma tissues. Upregulation of FTH1P3 promoted glioma cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, FTH1P3 inhibited miR-224-5p expression, which in turn negatively regulated TPD52 expression. Overexpression of miR-224-5p significantly inhibited U251 cell proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis; this effect was clearly reversed following co-transfection of miR-224-5p and TPD52. These data revealed that upregulation of FTH1P3 may have promoted glioma cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Thus, the miR-224-5p/TPD52 axis may be a downstream mechanism of FTH1P3 in glioma progression. The findings of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the treatment of glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Geriatric Ward of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Tianjin Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lei
- Geriatric Ward of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Tianjin Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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17
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Yu LM, Wang WW, Qi R, Leng TG, Zhang XL. MicroRNA-224 inhibition prevents progression of cervical carcinoma by targeting PTX3. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10278-10290. [PMID: 30129088 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is known as one of the most lethal and common conditions in women worldwide. Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. This study investigates the correlation between expression of miR-224 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and both diagnosis and prognosis of cervical carcinoma to clarify the effect miR-224 has on the biological behaviors of the subjected cervical carcinoma cells. Initially, 132 patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma and 120 healthy subjects were recruited. Peripheral blood expression of miR-224 and PTX3 was detected. A telephone follow-up was performed every 3 months after treatment. The diagnostic value of miR-224 in cervical carcinoma was analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. The effects of both miR-224 and PTX3 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated with an intervention of miR-224 ectopic expression or depletion and PTX3 silencing. The bioinformatics prediction website and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed PTX3 to be a target gene for miR-224. Moreover, miR-224 was detected as over-expressed, but PTX3 was under-expressed in cervical carcinoma. Additionally, as a diagnostic biomarker, a high miR-224 expression was closely linked with the progression of cervical carcinoma. Both miR-224 overexpression and PTX3 silencing promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas, the aforementioned properties were depressed when miR-224 was inhibited. Altogether, the miR-224 overexpression may be a biological indicator in predicting the progression of cervical carcinoma. Thus, miR-224 inhibition may significantly prevent cervical carcinoma progression by targeting the PTX3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Tian-Gang Leng
- Department of Imaging, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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18
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Gao S, Zhao ZY, Wu R, Zhang Y, Zhang ZY. Prognostic value of microRNAs in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:907-929. [PMID: 29750053 PMCID: PMC5935085 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s157493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that miRNA levels are closely related to the survival time of patients with colon, rectal, or colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the outcomes of different investigations have been inconsistent. Accordingly, a meta-analysis was conducted to study associations among the three types of cancers. Materials and methods Studies published in English that estimated the expression levels of miRNAs with survival curves in CRC were identified until May 20, 2017 by online searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library by two independent authors. Pooled HRs with 95% CIs were used to estimate the correlation between miRNA expression and overall survival. Results A total of 63 relevant articles regarding 13 different miRNAs, with 10,254 patients were ultimately included. CRC patients with high expression of blood miR141 (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.68-3.77), tissue miR21 (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53), miR181a (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26-1.83), or miR224 (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.04-4.34), or low expression of tissue miR126 (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.93) had significantly poor overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusion In general, blood miR141 and tissue miR21, miR181a, miR224, and miR126 had significant prognostic value. Among these, blood miR141 and tissue miR224 were strong biomarkers of prognosis for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang
| | - Rong Wu
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yue Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Zhang
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
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AIM: A Computational Tool for the Automatic Quantification of Scratch Wound Healing Assays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Y, Guo CC, Guan DH, Yang CH, Jiang YH. Prognostic Value of microRNA-224 in Various Cancers: A Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:472-482. [PMID: 29133193 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During previous studies, microRNA-224 (miR-224) was frequently investigated and discovered to be of vital significance to prognosis of patients with various cancers. However, its accurate prognostic value has not been estimated worldwide. Herein, we performed meta-analysis to assess its potential predictive value in a variety of human tumors. METHODS Qualified researches were identified up to March 1, 2017 through performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) or progression-free survival (PFS) as a prognosis for various cancers were extracted and calculated, if available. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata version 13.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). RESULTS 22 eligible studies with 3000 patients were ultimately brought into the current meta-analysis. It suggested that high miR-224 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in tissue (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.00-2.03). During multivariate analysis, high miR-224 expression was more significantly associated with OS in tissue (HR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.91-4.13). Likewise, there were significant associations between tissue miR-224 expression and colorectal cancer (CRC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and gastric cancer (GC) patients (p <0.05). Nevertheless, there were not significant associations between high tissue miR-224 expression and DFS (HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.97-4.79) or PFS (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.53-1.59). CONCLUSION As far as the present researches are concerned, tissue miR-224 has a significantly prognostic value in various cancers, especially in CRC, DLBCL and GC. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cancers, more large-scale and standard researches are requisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Guo
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Huang L, Liang H, Zhang R, Chen G, Pang Y, Feng Z. Clinical value and potential targets of miR-224-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma validated by a TCGA- and GEO- based study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9970-9989. [PMID: 31966887 PMCID: PMC6965914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to explore clinical value and potential targets of MicroRNA-224-5p in the tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We evaluated the clinical value of MicroRNA-224-5p from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Meanwhile, target genes of MicroRNA-224-5p were predicted by bioinformatics method. The target genes of MicroRNA-224-5p were finally analyzed in Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network annotation. RESULTS MicroRNA-224-5p expression level in HCC was higher than in non-tumor tissues (SMD=1.24; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.81; P<0.0001) and MicroRNA-224-5p might represent a diagnostic marker (overall AUC=0.92; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.94). 262 target genes were acquired by overlapping 4927 genes predicted by more than four computational prediction tools with 1,123 down-regulated DEGs in HCC. Furthermore, gene sets enrichment analysis of the 262 overlapping genes was implemented. The mostly significant GO terms within the overlapping target genes of MicroRNA-224-5p were cellular response to chemical stimulus, plasma membrane part and coenzyme binding. KEGG pathway annotation showed the overlapping genes mostly took part in metabolic pathways. In PPI analysis, one hub gene, GNA14, stood out cause for the significant negative correlation with MicroRNA-224. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-224-5p is upregulated in HCC and may be a prospective biomarker for diagnosis. Moreover, MicroRNA-224-5p might play an oncogenic role in HCC by targeting GNA14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lanshan Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haiwei Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuyan Pang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhenbo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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22
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Salem SM, Hamed AR, Mosaad RM. MTDH and MAP3K1 are direct targets of apoptosis-regulating miRNAs in colorectal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:767-773. [PMID: 28802228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificially designed miRNAs mimics and inhibitors that specifically target known oncogenes have attracted significant research attention. Herein, we aimed to explore whether MIR-375, MIR-145, and MIR-224 are involved in induction of apoptosis of CRC cells by regulating apoptosis-mediating genes MTDH, MAP3K1, PDK1, BAX, and BCL-XL. MTT assay was used to assess cell growth. Apoptosis was determined in terms of caspase activity measurement and phosphatidylserine detection using annexin V staining by flow cytometry. Quantitative real time PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to validate genes regulation and targeting by miRNAs. We found that ectopic expression of MIR-375 and MIR-145, and inhibition of MIR-224 can decrease cell growth and induce cell ability to undergo early apoptosis. At mRNA level, transfected cells displayed down-regulation of MTDH, PDK1 and BCL-XL, while BAX and MAP3K1 were up-regulated. Protein expression of MTDH was decreased in cells transfected with MIR-145 mimic and MIR-224 inhibitor but remained unchanged in MIR-375 mimic-transfected cells. Furthermore, MAP3K1 protein expression exibited a decreased level after MIR-375 transient expression with no significant change after MIR-145 mimic or MIR-224 inhibitor transfection. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that MIR-375 and MIR-145 can bind to 3'UTR of MTDH, supporting that MTDH is directly targeted by both miRNAs. Similarly, MAP3K1 was found to be directly regulated by MIR-375. The study concluded that the expression modulation of tumor suppressors MIR-375 and MIR-145, and oncomiR MIR-224 have the ability to induce apoptosis of CRC cells through regulation of apoptosis mediating genes MTDH, MAP3K1, PDK1, BCL-XL and BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M Salem
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Mosaad
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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23
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Miao X, Gao H, Liu S, Chen M, Xu W, Ling X, Deng X, Rao C. Down-regulation of microRNA-224 -inhibites growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype -via modulating SUFU expression in bladder cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:234-240. [PMID: 28780419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-224 is usually found in cancer studies; however, the role of miR-224 has seldom been reported in bladder cancer (BC). We explored miR-224's function and the underlying mechanism in BC. It was found that miR-224 expression was significantly up-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of miR-224 decreased BC cell growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We identified the SUFU protein as a downstream target of miR-224 by using luciferase and western blot assays. We proposed that miR-224 promoted BC cell growth and invasion via sustaining the activity of Hedgehog pathway, which was negatively regulated by SUFU. Taken together, our study demonstrated that miR-224 may function as an onco-miR in BC and suggested that miR-224 may be a potential therapeutic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Miao
- Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy Dept. 2, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Health and Human Service Department, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Outpatient Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Ling
- Department of Emergency Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Deng
- Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chuangzhou Rao
- Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy Dept. 2, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Lin J, Chuang CC, Zuo L. Potential roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer: diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17328-17346. [PMID: 28061475 PMCID: PMC5370044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, colorectal adenocarcinoma often occurs sporadically in individuals aged 50 or above and there is an increase among younger patients under 50. Routine screenings are recommended for this age group to improve early detection. The multifactorial etiology of colorectal cancer consists of both genetic and epigenetic factors. Recently, studies have shown that the development and progression of colorectal cancer can be attributed to aberrant expression of microRNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a key role in cancer cell survival, can also lead to carcinogenesis and cancer exacerbations. Given the rapid accumulating knowledge in the field, an updated review regarding microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer is necessary. An extensive literature search has been conducted in PubMed/Medline databases to review the roles of microRNAs and ROS in colorectal cancer. Unique microRNA expression in tumor tissue, peripheral blood, and fecal samples from patients with colorectal cancer is outlined. Therapeutic approaches focusing on microRNA and ROS in colorectal cancer treatment is also delineated. This review aims to summarize the newest knowledge on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in the hopes of discovering novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Downregulated USP3 mRNA functions as a competitive endogenous RNA of SMAD4 by sponging miR-224 and promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4281. [PMID: 28655924 PMCID: PMC5487320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) can affect the expression of other transcripts by sequestering common microRNAs (miRNAs), and participate in tumourigenesis. As a potent tumour suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC), SMAD4 is regulated by many miRNAs. However, the regulation of SMAD4 by ceRNAs has never been examined. In the present study, we found that USP3 modulated SMAD4 expression in a miRNA dependent, and protein-coding gene independent manner. USP3 and SMAD4 were directly targeted by miR-224, and overexpression of the USP3 3'UTR could inhibit metastasis caused by the loss of USP3. The correlation of USP3, SMAD4 and miR-224 expression was further verified in CRC specimens. Additionally, the loss of USP3 was associated with distal metastasis and a poor prognosis. Altogether, our study demonstrates USP3 as a bona fide SMAD4 ceRNA. The results from this study may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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26
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Qi R, Huang J, Wang Q, Liu H, Wang R, Wang J, Yang F. MicroRNA‐224‐5p regulates adipocyte apoptosis induced by TNFα via controlling NF‐κB activation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1236-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry SciencesMinistry of AgricultureRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry SciencesMinistry of AgricultureRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry SciencesMinistry of AgricultureRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal ScienceRongchangChongqingChina
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27
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Xiao J, Lv D, Zhou J, Bei Y, Chen T, Hu M, Zhou Q, Fu S, Huang Q. Therapeutic Inhibition of miR-4260 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer via Targeting MCC and SMAD4. Am J Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28638476 PMCID: PMC5479277 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) and their putative target genes have been increasingly reported to contribute to colorectal cancer. However, miRNAs that directly target the mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene, a tumor suppressor which is downregulated or inactivated in colorectal cancer, remain largely unknown. By using an array-based miRNA analysis, we identified a group of miRNAs that were dysregulated in human metastatic versus non-metastatic colorectal cancer tissues. One of these miRNAs, miR-4260, was predicted to target MCC in the miRDB database. Results using human HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines showed that miR-4260 mimic enhanced cell proliferation and migration and reduced apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil while miR-4260 inhibitor had inverse effects. Furthermore, miR-4260 negatively regulated MCC as well as SMAD4 by directly binding to the 3'untranslational region (3'UTR). Using siRNAs targeting MCC or SMAD4, we showed that upregulation of MCC and SMAD4 was essential to mediate the functional roles of miR-4260 inhibitor in colorectal cancer cells. Our in vivo experiments indicated that inhibition of miR-4260 reduced colorectal tumor growth in nude mice subcutaneously implanted with HCT116 cells. Significantly, miR-4260 was increased in human colorectal cancer tissues with simultaneous downregulation of MCC and SMAD4, strongly suggesting the clinical relevance of targeting miR-4260 in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In summary, we identified miR-4260 as a novel oncomiR for colorectal cancer that targets MCC and SMAD4. Inhibition of miR-4260 can, therefore, be a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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28
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Zhou J, Hu M, Wang F, Song M, Huang Q, Ge B. miR-224 Controls Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line HCT116 Proliferation by Targeting Smad4. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:937-942. [PMID: 28924364 PMCID: PMC5599916 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Better understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer would help advance the novel therapeutics. miR-224 has been identified to be elevated in colorectal cancer and promote human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 proliferation and invasion. However, the effect of miRNAs on cancer cell proliferation could be significantly changeable among different cell lines. HCT116 is a commonly used cell line for colorectal cancer study and the target gene responsible for the function of miR-224 in its proliferation is unclear. Methods: miR-224 expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) in human colorectal cancer tissues compared with their corresponding matched peritumoral tissues. HCT116 cell viability and cell proliferation were determined by CCK-8, EdU incorporation assays and flow cytometry for cell cycle. Target gene of miR-224 was confirmed by Western blots and siRNA for Smad4. Results: miR-224 was significantly increased by 29.49 fold in colorectal cancer tissues compared with their corresponding matched peritumoral tissues based on 12 colorectal cancer patients. miR-224 mimic significantly increased HCT116 cell viability, EdU positive cells rate, and decreased G1 phase cell population and increased S phase cell population. miR-224 inhibitor had opposite effects. Smad4 could be negatively regulated by miR-224 in HCT116 cells and was responsible for its effects in proliferation. Conclusion: miR-224 mediates HCT116 cell proliferation by targeting Smad4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Muren Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bujun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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29
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Huang Z, Yuan X, Wang M, Wu N, Song Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G, Zhao W. Molecular cloning of the SMAD4 gene and its mRNA expression analysis in ovarian follicles of the Yangzhou goose (Anser cygnoides). Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:515-21. [PMID: 27108648 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1180670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) is an important protein in animal reproduction. It plays pivotal roles in cellular pathways, including apoptosis. The expression profile of the SMAD4 gene in goose ovarian follicles has not been reported. In this study, the SMAD4 coding sequence was cloned from the Yangzhou goose. A phylogenetic analysis was performed and mRNA expression was examined in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. An alternative splice form of SMAD4, SMAD4-b having 1656 bp, was identified. SMAD4-a mRNA was widely expressed in various healthy tissues, whereas SMAD4-b was very weakly expressed. SMAD4 mRNA in the ovary and oviduct was significantly higher than that in the pituitary and hypothalamus. SMAD4 mRNA expression analysis in hierarchical follicles showed that the level of SMAD4 mRNA was higher in large white follicles and post-ovulatory follicles than in the other follicles. The results indicate that SMAD4 might be involved in the recruitment of hierarchical follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - X Yuan
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - M Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - N Wu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Song
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Xu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - G Chen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - W Zhao
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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30
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Ling H, Pickard K, Ivan C, Isella C, Ikuo M, Mitter R, Spizzo R, Bullock M, Braicu C, Pileczki V, Vincent K, Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V, Hoefler G, Almeida MI, Hsiao A, Zhang X, Primrose J, Packham G, Liu K, Bojja K, Gafà R, Xiao L, Rossi S, Song JH, Vannini I, Fanini F, Kopetz S, Zweidler-McKay P, Wang X, Ionescu C, Irimie A, Fabbri M, Lanza G, Hamilton SR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Medico E, Mirnezami A, Calin GA, Nicoloso MS. The clinical and biological significance of MIR-224 expression in colorectal cancer metastasis. Gut 2016; 65:977-989. [PMID: 25804630 PMCID: PMC4581915 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profile can be used as prognostic marker for human cancers. We aim to explore the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. DESIGN We performed miRNA microarrays using primary CRC tissues from patients with and without metastasis, and validated selected candidates in 85 CRC samples by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We tested metastatic activity of selected miRNAs and identified miRNA targets by prediction algorithms, qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. Clinical outcomes were analysed in six sets of CRC cases (n=449), including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium and correlated with miR-224 status. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to assess the difference in survival between patients with low or high levels of miR-224 expression. RESULTS MiR-224 expression increases consistently with tumour burden and microsatellite stable status, and miR-224 enhances CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We identified SMAD4 as a miR-224 target and observed negative correlation (Spearman Rs=-0.44, p<0.0001) between SMAD4 and miR-224 expression in clinical samples. Patients with high miR-224 levels display shorter overall survival in multiple CRC cohorts (p=0.0259, 0.0137, 0.0207, 0.0181, 0.0331 and 0.0037, respectively), and shorter metastasis-free survival (HR 6.51, 95% CI 1.97 to 21.51, p=0.0008). In the TCGA set, combined analysis of miR-224 with SMAD4 expression enhanced correlation with survival (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.41, p=0.0175). CONCLUSIONS MiR-224 promotes CRC metastasis, at least in part, through the regulation of SMAD4. MiR-224 expression in primary CRC, alone or combined with its targets, may have prognostic value for survival of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Pickard
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Isella
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy,IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariko Ikuo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Experimental Oncology B, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marc Bullock
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentina Pileczki
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kimberly Vincent
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Maria I. Almeida
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Annie Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Primrose
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK,Department of Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Bojja
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Section of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Division of Quantitative Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simona Rossi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian H. Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Francesca Fanini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Division of Quantitative Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Calin Ionescu
- Surgical Clinic 1, Cluj County Hospital, Romania,UMF Surgery Department 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgical and Gynecology Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy,Departments of Pediatrics, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Section of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stanley R. Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Enzo Medico
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy,IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alex Mirnezami
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK,Department of Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milena S. Nicoloso
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Experimental Oncology B, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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31
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Yi R, Li Y, Wang FL, Miao G, Qi RM, Zhao YY. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:330-40. [PMID: 27096028 PMCID: PMC4824711 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators involved in various tumors. They regulate cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer stemness, metastasis and chemoresistance by controlling their target gene expressions. Here, we mainly discuss the potential uses of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We also shed light on the important corresponding miRNA targets and on the major regulators of miRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss miRNA activity in assessing the prognosis and recurrence of CRC as well as in modulating responsiveness to chemotherapy. Based on the various pro-oncogenic/anti-oncogenic roles of miRNAs, the advantages of a therapeutic strategy based on the delivery of miRNA mimics are also mentioned. Together, miRNA seems to be an excellent tool for effectively monitoring and targeting CRC.
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32
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Noferesti SS, Sohel MMH, Hoelker M, Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Looft C, Rings F, Neuhoff C, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation induced changes in the expression of circulatory miRNA in bovine follicular fluid and blood plasma. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:81. [PMID: 26645573 PMCID: PMC4673782 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its role in increasing the number of offspring during the lifetime of an individual animal, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) may have detrimental effects on oocyte development, embryo quality and endometrial receptivity. Circulating miRNAs in bio-fluids have been shown to be associated with various pathological conditions including cancers. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of COH on the level of extracellular miRNAs in bovine follicular fluid and blood plasma and elucidate their mode of circulation and potential molecular mechanisms to be affected in the reproductive tract. Method Twelve simmental heifers were estrous synchronized and six of them were hyperstimulated using FSH. Follicular fluid samples from experimental animals were collected using ovum pick up technique at day 0 of the estrous cycle and blood samples were collected at day 0, 3 and 7 of post ovulation. The expression profile of circulatory miRNAs in follicular fluid and blood plasma were performed using the human miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT miRNA PCR array system. A comparative threshold cycle method was used to determine the relative abundance of the miRNAs. Results A total of 504 and 402 miRNAs were detected in both bovine follicular fluid and blood plasma, respectively. Of these 57 and 21 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in follicular fluid and blood plasma, respectively derived from hyperstimulated versus unstimulated heifers. Bioinformatics analysis of those circulating miRNAs indicated that their potential target genes are involved in several pathways including TGF-beta signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, pathways in cancer and Oocyte meiosis. Moreover, detail analysis of the mode of circulation of some candidates showed that most of the miRNA were found to be detected in both exosomal and Ago2 protein complex fraction of both follicular fluid and blood plasma. Conclusion Our data provide the consequence of hyperstimulation induced changes of extracellular miRNAs in bovine follicular fluid and blood plasma, which may have a potential role in regulating genes associated not only with bovine ovarian function but also involved in altering various physiological in bovine oocytes, embryos and modulating reproductive tract environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Seifi Noferesti
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Christian Looft
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Franca Rings
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
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Amirkhah R, Schmitz U, Linnebacher M, Wolkenhauer O, Farazmand A. MicroRNA-mRNA interactions in colorectal cancer and their role in tumor progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:129-41. [PMID: 25620079 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) play an important role in gene regulatory networks through targeting mRNAs. They are involved in diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Due to their pivotal effects on multiple genes and pathways, dysregulated miRNAs have been reported to be associated with different diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent evidence indicates that aberrant miRNA expression is tightly linked with the initiation and progression of CRC. To elucidate the influence of miRNA regulation in CRC, it is critical to identify dysregulated miRNAs, their target mRNA genes and their involvement in gene regulatory and signaling networks. Various experimental and computational studies have been conducted to decipher the function of miRNAs involved in CRC. Experimental studies that are used for this purpose can be classified into two categories: direct/individual and indirect/high-throughput gene expression studies. Here we review miRNA target identification studies related to CRC with an emphasis on experimental data based on Luciferase reporter assays. Recent advances in determining the function of miRNAs and the signaling pathways they are involved in have also been summarized. The review helps bioinformaticians and biologists to find extensive information about downstream targets of dysregulated miRNAs, and their pro-/anti-CRC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Amirkhah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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MicroRNA-224: as a potential target for miR-based therapy of cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6645-52. [PMID: 26254100 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules which regulate the target gene expression posttranscriptionally. Increasing studies have shown that microRNAs play important roles in multiple biological pathways. For instance, aberrant expression of microRNA-224 (miR-224) plays a vital role in tumor biology in various types of human cancer. Here, we aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms that lead to the overexpression of miR-224 in cancers, analyze the effect of miR-224 on tumor biology, and reveal the clinical significance of miR-224. MiR-224 regulates its targets by modulating messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and/or protein translation, and it would provide new insight into molecular targeting cancer treatment.
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He X, Zhang Z, Li M, Li S, Ren L, Zhu H, Xiao B, Shi R. Expression and role of oncogenic miRNA-224 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:575. [PMID: 26245343 PMCID: PMC4545858 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of miR-224 is associated with tumor development and progression. This study investigated the role of miR-224 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) ex vivo and in vitro. METHODS A total of 103 esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, ESCC tissue specimens, and their matched distant normal tissues were collected to test miR-224 expression using qRT-PCR analysis. Western blot was used to quantify the level of PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) and PHLPP2 in ESCC tissues. Cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, and colony formation assays were used to assess the altered phenotypes of esophageal cancer cell lines after miR-224 expression or inhibition. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm miR-224 binding to PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 mRNA. RESULTS miR-224 was significantly overexpressed in esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia and ESCC tissues, while the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 proteins, the target genes of miR-224, was downregulated in ESCC tissues. miR-224 expression was associated with advanced clinical TNM stage, pathologic grade, and the level of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 proteins in ESCC tissues. Ectopic overexpression of miR-224 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, but suppressed apoptosis of ESCC cells. miR-224 was able to bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 mRNA to suppress their expression. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that miR-224 acts as an oncogenic miRNA in ESCC, possibly by targeting PHLPP1 and PHLPP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongyang People's Hospital, 60 Wuningxi Road, Jinhua, China.
| | - Zhimei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 182 Tongguanbei Road, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Friendship Hospital of Yangzhou, 440 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 68 Jiyangxi Road, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, China.
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Hollis M, Nair K, Vyas A, Chaturvedi LS, Gambhir S, Vyas D. MicroRNAs potential utility in colon cancer: Early detection, prognosis, and chemosensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8284-8292. [PMID: 26217080 PMCID: PMC4507098 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, research has shown that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. MicroRNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNA that regulate expression of genes involved in important cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, multiplication, and apoptosis. A specific miRNA may display the effects of a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Altered miRNA expression is found in colorectal cancer (CRC) and patterns of miRNA expression correlate with CRC detection and outcome. Studies also have examined the use of circulating serum miRNA and fecal miRNA expression as non-invasive markers for early detection. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating the potential role of miRNA in CRC and the implications of its use in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CRC.
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Jafri MA, Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Al-Qahtani MH, Shay JW. MicroRNAs as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1705-23. [PMID: 26189482 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1069816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19 - 22 nucleotide), non-protein-coding RNA segments that function as master regulators of hundreds of genes simultaneously in both normal and malignant cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs are deregulated and have critical roles in initiation and progression of CRC by interacting with various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including APC, KRAS and p53, or by modulating downstream signal transduction pathways. Numerous promising miRNAs have emerged as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention and possible candidates for replacement therapy in CRC. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors summarize the available information on miRNAs and their role in CRC. The authors point out specific miRNAs as potential drug targets and those having a significant role in gene activation and gene silencing during the process of CRC development, to highlight their importance as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of CRC. EXPERT OPINION Targeting miRNAs provides an emerging opportunity to develop effective miRNA-based replacement therapy or antagonists to alter expression in colon cancer patient tumors. However, the biggest challenge is to overcome obstacles associated with pharmacokinetics, delivery and toxicity in order to translate the potential of miRNAs into efficacious anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alam Jafri
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jerry W Shay
- a 1 King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,b 2 UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology , Dallas, TX, USA +1 214 648 4201 ; +1 214 648 5814 ;
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MicroRNA-224 is associated with colorectal cancer progression and response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy by KRAS-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1480-90. [PMID: 25919696 PMCID: PMC4453675 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancers arise from benign adenomas, although not all adenomas progress to cancer and there are marked interpatient differences in disease progression. We have previously associated KRAS mutations with disease progression and reduced survival in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: We used TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) qRT–PCR analysis to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in normal colorectal mucosa, adenomas and cancers and in isogeneic KRAS WT and mutant HCT116 cells, and used a variety of phenotypic assays to assess the influence of miRNA expression on KRAS activity, chemosensitivity, proliferation and invasion. Results: MicroRNA-224 was differentially expressed in dysplastic colorectal disease and in isogeneic KRAS WT and mutant HCT116 cells. Antagomir-mediated miR-224 silencing in HCT116 KRAS WT cells phenocopied KRAS mutation, increased KRAS activity and ERK and AKT phosphorylation. 5-FU chemosensitivity was significantly increased in miR-224 knockdown cells, and in NIH3T3 cells expressing KRAS and BRAF mutant proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of predicted miR-224 target genes predicted altered cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes that were experimentally confirmed in miR-224 knockdown cells. Conclusions: We describe a novel mechanism of KRAS regulation, and highlight the clinical utility of colorectal cancer-specific miRNAs as disease progression or clinical response biomarkers.
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Bacon S, Engelbrecht B, Schmid J, Pfeiffer S, Gallagher R, McCarthy A, Burke M, Concannon C, Prehn JHM, Byrne MM. MicroRNA-224 is Readily Detectable in Urine of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus and is a Potential Indicator of Beta-Cell Demise. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:399-416. [PMID: 26110317 PMCID: PMC4488671 DOI: 10.3390/genes6020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of non-coding, 19–25 nucleotide RNA critical for network-level regulation of gene expression. miRNA serve as paracrine signaling molecules. Using an unbiased array approach, we previously identified elevated levels of miR-224 and miR-103 to be associated with a monogenic form of diabetes; HNF1A-MODY. miR-224 is a novel miRNA in the field of diabetes. We sought to explore the role of miR-224 as a potential biomarker in diabetes, and whether such diabetes-associated-miRNA can also be detected in the urine of patients. Absolute levels of miR-224 and miR-103 were determined in the urine of n = 144 individuals including carriers of a HNF1A mutation, participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal controls. Expression levels were correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters. miR-224 was significantly elevated in the urine of carriers of a HNF1A mutation and participants with T1DM. miR-103 was highly expressed in urine across all diabetes cohorts when compared to controls. For both miR-224 and-103, we found a significant correlation between serum and urine levels (p < 0.01). We demonstrate that miRNA can be readily detected in the urine independent of clinical indices of renal dysfunction. We surmise that the differential expression levels of miR-224 in both HNF1A-MODY mutation carriers and T1DM may be an attempt to compensate for beta-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán Bacon
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Britta Engelbrecht
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jasmin Schmid
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Shona Pfeiffer
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ross Gallagher
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ailbhe McCarthy
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Marie Burke
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Caoimhín Concannon
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Departments of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maria M Byrne
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Kai Y, Qiang C, Xinxin P, Miaomiao Z, Kuailu L. Decreased miR-154 expression and its clinical significance in human colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:195. [PMID: 26048406 PMCID: PMC4472271 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA-154 (miR-154) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancers. However, its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of miR-154 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in CRC patients. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate miR-154 levels in 169 pairs of CRC specimens and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Then, the associations of miR-154 expression with clinicopathological factors or survival of patients suffering CRC were determined. Results The expression levels of miR-154 in CRC tissues were significantly lower than those in corresponding noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). Decreased miR-154 expression was significantly associated with large tumor size, positive lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Moreover, the univariate analysis demonstrated that CRC patients with low miR-154 expression had poorer overall survival (P = 0.006). The multivariate analysis identified low miR-154 expression as an independent predictor of poor survival. Conclusions These findings suggested that miR-154 downregulation may be associated with tumor progression of CRC, and that this miR may be an independent prognostic marker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Cheng Qiang
- Department of neurology, Huai'an No. 2 Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan Xinxin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhou Miaomiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lin Kuailu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Monroig PDC, Chen L, Zhang S, Calin GA. Small molecule compounds targeting miRNAs for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:104-16. [PMID: 25239236 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating discoveries in molecular oncology has been that cancer represents a disease in which genetic alterations in protein-coding, but also in non-coding genes complement each other. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts that can regulate gene expression primarily by disrupting messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and/or stability, or alternatively by modulating the transcription of target mRNAs. For the last decade, miRNAs have shown to be pivotal characters of every single one of the cancer hallmarks. Profiling studies have proven the significance of identifying over-expressed miRNAs (oncomiRs) causative of the activation of oncogenic pathways that lead to malignancy. Due to their crucial role in cancer, it has become a challenge to develop efficient miRNA-inhibiting strategies such as antagomiRs, locked nucleic acids or antisense oligonucleotides. However, to this date, the accessible delivery agents and their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties are not ideal. Thus there is an urgent, unmet need to develop miRNA-based inhibitory therapeutics. Herein we present a novel therapeutic strategy that is only at the tip of the iceberg: the use of small molecule inhibitors to target specific miRNAs (SMIRs). Furthermore we describe several high-throughput techniques to screen for SMIRs both in vitro and in silico. Finally we take you through the journey that has led to discovering the handful of SMIRs that have been validated to this date.
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Zhu D, Chen H, Yang X, Chen W, Wang L, Xu J, Yu L. Decreased microRNA-224 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:198. [PMID: 25410592 PMCID: PMC4245734 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-224 has been proven dysregulated in some human malignancies and correlated with tumor progression. However, its expression and clinical significance in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of miR-224 in NSCLC tumorigenesis and development. Methods Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we detected miR-224 expression in NSCLC cell lines and primary tumor tissues. The association of miR-224 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was also statistically analyzed. MTT, flow cytometric, Transwell invasion and migration assays, and scratch migration assay were used to test the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells after miR-224 mimics transfection. Results MiR-224 expression levels were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC compared to the corresponding noncancerous lung tissues (P <0.001). In addition, decreased miR-224 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), advanced TNM stage (P <0.001), and shorter overall survival (P <0.001). Multivariate regression analysis corroborated that down-regulation of miR-224 was an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, transfection of miR-224 mimics in NSCLC A549 cells was able to reduce cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promote cell apoptosis. Conclusions These findings indicate that miR-224 may act not only as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also as a potential target for miR-based therapy of NSCLC. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_198
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Xiguang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Weisong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Linying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Jilin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, P.R. China.
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Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Goel A. An update on microRNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers: where are we and what's next? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:999-1021. [PMID: 25163355 PMCID: PMC4374444 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are abundant classes of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which inhibit the expression of target gene via post-transcriptional regulation. In addition to an important functional role miRNAs play in carcinogenesis, emerging evidence has demonstrated their feasibility as robust cancer biomarkers. In particular, the recent discovery of miRNAs in the body fluids provides an attractive opportunity for the development of non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and predictive response to cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and accumulating data provides a compelling case for the potential exploitation of miRNAs as CRC-biomarkers. This review summarizes the current state of literature in the field, focusing on the clinical relevance of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC treatment and discussing the forthcoming challenges to further advance this exciting field of 'academic research' into 'bedside clinical care' of patients suffering from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
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Abstract
The protein encoded by the TP53 gene is one of the most important suppressors of tumor formation, which is also frequently inactivated in gastrointestinal cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit translation and/or promote degradation of their target messenger RNAs. In recent years, several miRNAs have been identified as mediators and regulators of p53’s tumor suppressing functions. p53 induces expression and/or maturation of several miRNAs, which leads to the repression of critical effector proteins. Furthermore, certain miRNAs regulate the expression and activity of p53 through direct repression of p53 or its regulators. Experimental findings indicate that miRNAs are important components of the p53 network. In addition, the frequent genetic and epigenetic alterations of p53-regulated miRNAs in tumors indicate that they play an important role in cancer initiation and/or progression. Therefore, p53-regulated miRNAs may represent attractive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, restoration of p53-induced miRNAs results in suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of cancer. Thus, miRNA-based therapeutics may represent a feasible strategy for future cancer treatment. Here we summarize the current published state-of-the-art on the role of the p53-miRNA connection in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Huihui Li
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Longchang Jiang
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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45
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Orang AV, Barzegari A. MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer: from Diagnosis to Targeted Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6989-99. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yu L, Zhang J, Guo X, Li Z, Zhang P. MicroRNA-224 upregulation and AKT activation synergistically predict poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:408-13. [PMID: 24923856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous evidence has shown that microRNA (miR)-224 may function as an onco-miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by activating AKT signaling. However, little is known about the clinical significance of the combined expression of miR-224 and phosphorylated-AKT (pAKT) on human HCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistical influence of miR-224 and pAKT on clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with HCC. METHODS One-hundred and thirty HCC patients who had undergone curative liver resection were selected. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were respectively performed to detect the expression of miR-224 and pAKT in the respective tumors. RESULTS Compared with the adjacent nonneoplastic liver tissues, the expression levels of miR-224 and pAKT protein in HCC tissues were both significantly increased (both P<0.001). In addition, the combined upregulation of miR-224 and pAKT protein was significantly associated with serum AFP (P=0.01), tumor stage (P=0.002) and tumor grade (P=0.008). Moreover, HCC patients highly expressing both miR-224 and pAKT protein had worse 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (both P<0.001). Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazards model showed that the combined upregulation of miR-224 and pAKT protein (miR-224-high/pAKT-high) may be independent poor prognostic factors for both 5-year disease-free survival (P=0.008) and 5-year overall survival (P=0.01) in HCC. CONCLUSION These results indicate for the first time that miR-224 upregulation and AKT activation may synergistically associate with tumor progression of HCC. The combined high expression of miR-224 and pAKT may be a potential indicator for predicting unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiwei Li
- 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China.
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47
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Igaz I, Szőnyi M, Varga P, Topa L. [Potential relevance of microRNAs in the diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:487-91. [PMID: 24659741 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by relapses and remissions. Several factors have been suggested to participate in their development, although their detailed pathogenesis still remains largely unknown. MicroRNAs are single strained, non-coding RNAs, consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been found in several malignant tumors. Recently the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory-autoimmune disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease) is being intensively investigated. Beside their pathogenic roles, microRNAs can also be exploited as diagnostic markers, especially in cases where the interpretation of histological data is difficult. In this review the authors discuss recent findings in the field of microRNAs in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Igaz
- Szent Imre Egyetemi Oktatókórház Gasztroenterológia Profil Budapest Tétényi út 12-16. 1115
| | - Mihály Szőnyi
- Szent Imre Egyetemi Oktatókórház Gasztroenterológia Profil Budapest Tétényi út 12-16. 1115
| | - Patrícia Varga
- Szent Imre Egyetemi Oktatókórház Gasztroenterológia Profil Budapest Tétényi út 12-16. 1115
| | - Lajos Topa
- Szent Imre Egyetemi Oktatókórház Gasztroenterológia Profil Budapest Tétényi út 12-16. 1115
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Upraity S, Kazi S, Padul V, Shirsat NV. MiR-224 expression increases radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:225-30. [PMID: 24785373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. The intrinsic resistance of this brain tumor limits the efficacy of administered treatment like radiation therapy. In the present study, effect of miR-224 expression on growth characteristics of established GBM cell lines was analyzed. MiR-224 expression in the cell lines as well as in primary GBM tumor tissues was found to be low. Exogenous transient expression of miR-224 using either synthetic mimics or stable inducible expression using doxycycline inducible lentiviral vector carrying miR-224 gene, was found to bring about 30-55% reduction in clonogenic potential of U87 MG cells. MiR-224 expression reduced clonogenic potential of U87 MG cells by 85-90% on irradiation at a dose of 6Gy, a dose that brought about 50% reduction in clonogenic potential in the absence of miR-224 expression. MiR-224 expression in glioblastoma cells resulted in 55-65% reduction in the expression levels of API5 gene, a known target of miR-224. Further, siRNA mediated down-regulation of API5 was also found to have radiation sensitizing effect on glioblastoma cell lines. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data showed lower miR-224 expression levels in male GBM patients to correlate with poorer survival. Higher expression levels of miR-224 target API5 also showed significant correlation with poorer survival of GBM patients. Up-regulation of miR-224 or down-regulation of its target API5 in combination with radiation therapy, therefore appear as promising options for the treatment of glioblastoma, which is refractory to the existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Upraity
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Sadaf Kazi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Vijay Padul
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Neelam Vishwanath Shirsat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
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MicroRNA-224 suppresses colorectal cancer cell migration by targeting Cdc42. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:617150. [PMID: 24817781 PMCID: PMC4004168 DOI: 10.1155/2014/617150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic spread of tumor cells is the major risk factor affecting the clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The metastatic phenotype can be modulated by dysregulating the synthesis of different structural and functional proteins of tumor cells. Micro(mi)RNAs are noncoding RNAs that recognize their cognate messenger (m)RNA targets by sequence-specific interactions with the 3′ untranslated region and are involved in the multistep process of CRC development. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and biological roles of miR-224 in CRC. The miR-224 expression level was assessed by a quantitative real-time PCR in 79 CRC and 18 nontumor tissues. Expression levels of miR-224 in CRC tissues were significantly lower than those in nontumor tissues. Its expression level was associated with the mutation status of the APC gene. Ectopic expression of miR-224 suppressed the migratory ability of CRC cell line, but cell proliferation was less affected. Increased miR-224 diminished Cdc42 and SMAD4 expressions at both the protein and mRNA levels and inhibited the formation of actin filaments. Overall, this study indicated a role of miR-224 in negatively regulating CRC cell migration. The expression level of miR-224 may be a useful predictive biomarker for CRC progression.
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