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Li H, Lan H, Li M, Pu X, Guo Y. A new molecular subclassification and in silico predictions for diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer by alternative splicing profile. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1119789. [PMID: 36950012 PMCID: PMC10025316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1119789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, different PTC variants reveal high heterogeneity at histological, cytological, molecular and clinicopathological levels, which complicates the precise diagnosis and management of PTC. Alternative splicing (AS) has been reported to be potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Method: Here, we aim to find a more sophisticated molecular subclassification and characterization for PTC by integrating AS profiling. Based on six differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events, a new molecular subclassification was proposed to reclassify PTC into three new groups named as Cluster0, Cluster1 and Cluster2 respectively. Results: An in silico prediction was performed for accurate recognition of new groups with the average accuracy of 91.2%. Moreover, series of analyses were implemented to explore the differences of clinicopathology, molecular and immune characteristics across them. It suggests that there are remarkable differences among them, but Cluster2 was characterized by poor prognosis, higher immune heterogeneity and more sensitive to anti-PD1 therapy. The splicing correlation networks proved the complicated regulation relationships between AS events and splicing factors (SFs). An independent prognostic indicator for PTC overall survival (OS) was established. Finally, three compounds (orantinib, tyrphostin-AG-1295 and AG-370) were discovered to be the potential therapeutic agents. Discussion: Overall, the six DEAS events are not only potential biomarkers for precise diagnosis of PTC, but also the probable prognostic predictors. This research would be expected to highlight the effect of AS events on PTC characterization and also provide new insights into refining precise subclassification and improving medical therapy for PTC patients.
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Soliman NA. Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) expression: Significance in malignancy and crucial role in colorectal cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:235-280. [PMID: 35152973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC) is a 582-amino acid transmembrane protein, encoded by a gene located at chromosome 8q22, and distributed throughout the cytoplasm, peri-nuclear region, nucleus, and nucleolus as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It contains several structural and interacting domains through which it interacts with transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) and lung homing domain (LHD). It is regulated by miRNAs and mediates its oncogenic function via activation of cell proliferation, survival, migration and metastasis, as well as, angiogenesis and chemoresistance via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT), NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways. In this chapter, metadherin is reviewed highlighting its role in mediating growth, metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Metadherin, as well as its variants, and antibodies are associated with CRC progression, poorer prognosis, decreased survival and advanced clinico-pathology. The potential of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC as a diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in CRC is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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3
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Chen Y, Huang S, Guo R, Chen D. Metadherin-mediated mechanisms in human malignancies. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1769-1783. [PMID: 34783585 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) has been recognized as a novel protein that is critical for the progression of multiple types of human malignancies. Studies have reported that MTDH enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways. miRNAs and various tumor-related proteins have been shown to interact with MTDH, making it a potential therapeutic target as well as a biomarker in human malignancies. MTDH plays a critical role in inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy. In this review, we present the function and mechanisms of MTDH for cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Chen
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, 650000, PR China
| | - Sheng Huang
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, 650000, PR China
| | - Rong Guo
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, 650000, PR China
| | - Dedian Chen
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, 650000, PR China
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Chauhan G, Pathak DP, Ali F, Dubey P, Khasimbi S. In vitro Evaluation of Isatin derivatives as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents against MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancers cell lines: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1883-1896. [PMID: 34477529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancy and most common reasons of impermanence in women. The backbone of therapy for BC is principally chemotherapy, but due to its non-specific nature between normal cells and cancer cells and severe side effects are the main barriers in its therapy. So, there is an intense requirement for the enlargement of more efficacious, more specific and safer anti-BC agents. OBJECTIVE Isatin (IST) is an endogenous molecule which is a principal class of heterocyclic compounds and exhibits a wide range of therapeutic activities which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of several drug molecules. Many literatures were reported previously on different pharmacological activities of IST derivatives and particularly on anticancer activity but this review mainly focus on anti-BC activities of IST derivatives through MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines. Here in we mentioned, a total 33 IST derivatives (compound 24- 56) which shown good anti-BC activity. IST derived compounds are also available in market and are used for various cancer types like sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Nintedanib used for the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis treatment but when evaluated for BC did not get much success. CONCLUSION This review mainly highlights anti-BC activities of various IST analogues using MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines, display the potent compound of the series and structure-activity relationships of compounds with molecular docking also. So, this study mainly shows the importance of IST as major sources for drug design and development of newer anti-BC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Pragya Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
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Zahan T, Das PK, Akter SF, Habib R, Rahman MH, Karim MR, Islam F. Therapy Resistance in Cancers: Phenotypic, Metabolic, Epigenetic and Tumour Microenvironmental Perspectives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2190-2206. [PMID: 32748758 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200730161829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a vital problem in cancer therapy where cancer cells develop mechanisms to encounter the effect of chemotherapeutics, resulting in cancer recurrence. In addition, chemotherapy- resistant leads to the formation of a more aggressive form of cancer cells, which, in turn, contributes to the poor survival of patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of how the therapy resistance property evolves in cancer cells, contributing factors and their role in cancer chemoresistance, and exemplified the problems of some available therapies. METHODS The published literature on various electronic databases including, Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar containing keywords cancer therapy resistance, phenotypic, metabolic and epigenetic factors, were vigorously searched, retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS Cancer cells have developed a range of cellular processes, including uncontrolled activation of Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations. These cellular processes play significant roles in the generation of therapy resistance. Furthermore, the microenvironment where cancer cells evolve effectively contributes to the process of chemoresistance. In tumour microenvironment immune cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the maintenance of therapy-resistant phenotype via the secretion of factors that promote resistance to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION To conclude, as these factors hinder successful cancer therapies, therapeutic resistance property of cancer cells is a subject of intense research, which in turn could open a new horizon to aim for developing efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Zahan
- Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Plabon K Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda F Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rowshanul Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Cao D, Zhu H, Zhao Q, Huang J, Zhou C, He J, Liang Y. MiR-128 suppresses metastatic capacity by targeting metadherin in breast cancer cells. Biol Res 2020; 53:43. [PMID: 32993809 PMCID: PMC7526227 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women worldwide, causes the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. Undoubtedly, tumor metastasis and recurrence are responsible for more than 90 percent of these deaths. MicroRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs that have been integrated into almost all the physiological and pathological processes, including metastasis. In the present study, the role of miR-128 in breast cancer was investigated. Results Compared to the corresponding adjacent normal tissue, the expression of miR-128 was significantly suppressed in human breast cancer specimens. More importantly, its expression level was reversely correlated to histological grade of the cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-128 in the aggressive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 could inhibit cell motility and invasive capacity remarkably. Afterwards, Metadherin (MTDH), also known as AEG-1 (Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1) and Lyric that implicated in various aspects of cancer progression and metastasis, was further identified as a direct target gene of miR-128 and its expression level was up-regulated in clinical samples as expected. Moreover, knockdown of MTDH in MDA-MB-231 cells obviously impaired the migration and invasion capabilities, whereas re-expression of MTDH abrogated the suppressive effect caused by miR-128. Conclusions Overall, these findings demonstrate that miR-128 could serve as a novel biomarker for breast cancer metastasis and a potent target for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Cao
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No. 2800, Gong-Wei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, Chong-Qing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No. 2800, Gong-Wei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Cixiang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, Chong-Qing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No. 2800, Gong-Wei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Song X, Yang Q. Metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer: Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:14-27. [PMID: 31421262 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women throughout the world and is the major cause of most cancer-related deaths. Several explanations account for the high rate of mortality of breast cancer, and metastasis to vital organs is identified as the principal cause. Over the past few years, intensive efforts have demonstrated that breast cancer exhibits metastatic heterogeneity with distinct metastatic precedence to various organs, giving rise to differences in prognoses and responses to therapy in breast cancer patients. Bone, lung, liver, and brain are generally accepted as the primary target sites of breast cancer metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer remains to be further elucidated. Recently, the advent of novel genomic and pathologic approaches as well as technological breakthroughs in imaging analysis and animal modelling have yielded an unprecedented change in our understanding of the heterogeneity of breast cancer metastasis and provided novel insight for establishing more effective therapeutics. This review summarizes recent molecular mechanisms and emerging concepts on the metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer and discusses the potential of identifying specific molecules against tumor cells or tumor microenvironments to thwart the development of metastatic disease and improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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8
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Hwang SY, Park S, Kwon Y. Recent therapeutic trends and promising targets in triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:30-57. [PMID: 30825473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation are the primary systemic therapeutic strategies; no other FDA-approved targeted therapies are yet available as for TNBC. TNBC is generally characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of proliferation and metastases. Due to these aggressive features and lack of targeted therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover viable molecular targets for TNBC. Massive cohort studies, clinical trials, and in-depth analyses have revealed diverse molecular alterations in TNBC; however, controversy exists as to whether many of these changes are beneficial or detrimental in caner progression. Here we review the complicated tumorigenic processes and discuss critical findings and therapeutic trends in TNBC with a focus on promising therapeutic approaches, the clinical trials currently underway, and potent experimental compounds under preclinical and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Qian B, Yao Y, Liu C, Zhang J, Chen H, Li H. SU6668 modulates prostate cancer progression by downregulating MTDH/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1601-1611. [PMID: 28339027 PMCID: PMC5403372 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western counties and has increased in incidence also in China in recent years. Although diagnosis modalities for primary prostate cancer have markedly improved, there are still no effective therapies for metastatic prostate cancer. SU6668 is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of three angiogenic receptors VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1. There is strong experimental evidence that SU6668 can induce growth inhibition of various primary tumors. However, the function and molecular mechanism of SU6668 in prostate cancer has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that SU6668 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Functional studies also demonstrated that SU6668 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition in DU145 and LNCap cells. After treatment with SU6668, MTDH protein, which has been reported to be significantly overexpressed in many human tumor tissues, was downregulated in DU145 and LNCap cells. siRNA-mediated silencing of MTDH in prostate cancer cells decreased their proliferation and invasive capabilities, suggesting that SU6668 may inhibit cell proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells partly through downstream targeting of MTDH. Mechanistic investigations showed that AKT signaling pathway was inhibited after SU6668 treatment in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, a combination of SU6668 and PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitor LY29004 resulted in increased inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion in DU145 cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that SU6668 suppressed prostate cancer progression by downregulating MTDH/AKT signaling pathway and identified a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjiang Qian
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yao
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Changming Liu
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Jiabing Zhang
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Chen
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Huizhang Li
- Institute of Ningde Urological Research and Department of Urology, Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fu'an, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
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Emdad L, Das SK, Hu B, Kegelman T, Kang DC, Lee SG, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC: A Promiscuous Protein Partner Critical in Cancer, Obesity, and CNS Diseases. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:97-132. [PMID: 27451125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its original discovery in 2002, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a primary regulator of several diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC has emerged as a key contributory molecule in almost every aspect of cancer progression, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, increased cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Additionally, recent studies highlight a seminal role of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. By interacting with multiple protein partners, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. This review discusses the current state of understanding of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC regulation and function in cancer and other diseases with a focus on its association/interaction with several pivotal protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - S K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - B Hu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - T Kegelman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - D-C Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Lee
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - P B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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11
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Wang Z, Tang ZY, Yin Z, Wei YB, Liu LF, Yan B, Zhou KQ, Nian YQ, Gao YL, Yang JR. Metadherin regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2429-36. [PMID: 27143938 PMCID: PMC4844438 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) was first identified in primary human fetal astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 in 2002 and then recognized as an important oncogene mediating tumorigenesis, progression, invasiveness, and metastasis of carcinomas. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital process in embryonic development, organ repair, and cancer progression. MTDH and EMT have also been proved to be related to the prognosis of patients with cancers. Recent studies reveal a relationship between MTDH overexpression and EMT in some malignancies. This review highlights the overexpression of MTDH and EMT in cancers and their correlations in clinical studies. Positive correlations have been established between MTDH and mesenchymal biomarkers, and negative correlations between MTDH and epithelial biomarkers have also been established. Furthermore, experiments reveal EMT regulated by MTDH, and some signal pathways have been established. Some anticancer drugs targeting MTDH and EMT are introduced in this review. Some perspectives concerning EMT regulation by MTDH are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yan Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, The Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Kai Fu District, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Qi Nian
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Liang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Fu Rong District, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Inhibitors that impact function of kinases are valuable both for the biological research as well as therapy of kinase-associated diseases, such as different cancers. There are quite a number of inhibitors, which are quite specific for certain kinases and several of them are either already approved for the cancer therapy or are in clinical studies of various phases. However, that does not mean that each single kinase inhibitor is suitable for targeted therapy. Some of them are not effective others might be toxic or fail some other criteria for the use in vivo. On the other hand, even in case of successful therapy, many responders eventually develop resistance to the inhibitors. The limitations of various single kinase inhibitors can be fought using compounds which target multiple kinases. This tactics can increase effectiveness of the inhibitors by the synergistic effect or help to diminish the likelihood of drug resistance. To date, several families of kinases are quite popular targets of the inhibition in cancers, such as tyrosine kinases, cycle-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases as well as their pathway "players" and aurora kinases. Aurora kinases play an important role in the control of the mitosis and are often altered in diverse human cancers. Here, we will describe the most interesting multi-kinase inhibitors which inhibit aurora kinases among other targets and their use in preclinical and clinical cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027, Bern, Switzerland.
- Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, 08662, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- CALIPHO, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU1, ru Michael Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Erikas Cicenas
- Bethlehemacker Secondary School, 3027, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Ge Y, Ding Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Li Z. Effect of angiogenesis inhibitor SU6668 in combination with 5-Fu on liver metastasis from transplantation tumors of human colorectal cancer in nude mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:3578-3582. [PMID: 25419401 PMCID: PMC4238521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate inhibiting effect of angiogenesis inhibitor SU6668 in combination with 5-Fu on liver metastasis from human colon cancer. Results showed that metastasis rates in SU6668+5-Fu group, SU6668 group, 5-Fu group decreased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with 5-Fu group and control group, microvessel density significantly decreased in SU6668+5-Fu group and SU6668 group (P<0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor and base fibroblast growth factor reduced obviously in SU6668+5-Fu group, SU6668 group and 5-Fu group compared with control group, and there were significant differences among SU6668+5-Fu group, SU6668 group and 5-Fu group (P<0.05). Thus, SU6668 can inhibit liver metastasis from colorectal cancer through anti-angiogenesis, and it would have a synergistic effect in combination with 5-Fu. Therefore, SU6668 combined with 5-Fu could be considered as a safe and effective antitumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, China
| | - Yinlu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, China
| | - Zhanyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
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