1
|
Cristalli C, Scotlandi K. Targeting DNA Methylation Machinery in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:1209. [PMID: 39056791 PMCID: PMC11275080 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism that plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of cell fate during development, maintenance of cell identity, and genome stability. DNA methylation is tightly regulated by enzymatic reactions and its deregulation plays an important role in the development of cancer. Specific DNA methylation alterations have been found in pediatric solid tumors, providing new insights into the development of these tumors. In addition, DNA methylation profiles have greatly contributed to tune the diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors and to define subgroups of patients with different risks of progression, leading to the reduction in unwanted toxicity and the improvement of treatment efficacy. This review highlights the dysregulated DNA methylome in pediatric solid tumors and how this information provides promising targets for epigenetic therapies, particularly inhibitors of DNMT enzymes (DNMTis). Opportunities and limitations are considered, including the ability of DNMTis to induce viral mimicry and immune signaling by tumors. Besides intrinsic action against cancer cells, DNMTis have the potential to sensitize immune-cold tumors to immunotherapies and may represent a remarkable option to improve the treatment of challenging pediatric solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cristalli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao M, DiPeri TP, Raso MG, Zheng X, Rizvi YQ, Evans KW, Yang F, Akcakanat A, Roberto Estecio M, Tripathy D, Dumbrava EE, Damodaran S, Meric-Bernstam F. Epigenetically upregulating TROP2 and SLFN11 enhances therapeutic efficacy of TROP2 antibody drug conjugate sacitizumab govitecan. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37567892 PMCID: PMC10421911 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TROP2 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are under active development. We seek to determine whether we can enhance activity of TROP2 ADCs by increasing TROP2 expression. In metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC), there is limited expression of TROP2, and downregulating transcription factor ZEB1 upregulates E-cad and TROP2, thus sensitizing cancers to TROP2 ADC sacituzumab govitecan (SG). Demethylating agent decitabine decreases DNA methyltransferase expression and TROP2 promoter methylation and subsequently increases TROP2 expression. Decitabine treatment as well as overexpression of TROP2 significantly enhance SG antitumor activity. Decitabine also increases SLFN11, a biomarker of topoisomerase 1 inhibitor (TOP1) sensitivity and is synergistic with SG which has a TOP1 payload, in TROP2-expressing SLFN11-low BC cells. In conclusion, TROP2 and SLFN11 expression can be epigenetically modulated and the combination of demethylating agent decitabine with TROP2 ADCs may represent a novel therapeutic approach for tumors with low TROP2 or SLFN11 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy P DiPeri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasmeen Qamar Rizvi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kurt W Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Roberto Estecio
- Department of Epigenetic and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ecaterina E Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamolphiwong R, Kanokwiroon K, Wongrin W, Chaiyawat P, Klangjorhor J, Settakorn J, Teeyakasem P, Sangphukieo A, Pruksakorn D. Potential target identification for osteosarcoma treatment: Gene expression re-analysis and drug repurposing. Gene X 2023; 856:147106. [PMID: 36513192 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rate of osteosarcoma has remained plateaued for the past three decades. New treatment is needed to improve survival rate. Drug repurposing, a method to identify new indications of previous drugs, which saves time and cost compared to the de novo drug discovery. Data mining from gene expression profile was carried out and new potential targets were identified by using drug repurposing strategy. Selected data were newly categorized as pathophysiology and metastasis groups. Data were normalized and calculated the differential gene expression. Genes with log fold change ≥ 2 and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 were selected as primary candidate genes (PCGs). PCGs were further enriched to determine the secondary candidate genes (SCGs) by protein interaction analysis, upstream transcription factor and related-protein kinase identification. PCGs and SCGs were further matched with gene targeted of corresponding drugs from the Drug Repurposing Hub. A total of 778 targets were identified (360 from PCGs, and 418 from SCGs). This newly identified KLHL13 is a new candidate target based on its molecular function. KLHL13 was upregulated in clinical samples. We found 256 drugs from matching processes (50anti-cancerand206non-anticancerdrugs). Clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs from 5 targets (CDK4, BCL-2, JUN, SRC, PIK3CA) are being performed for osteosarcoma treatment. Niclosamide and synthetic PPARɣ ligands are candidates for repurposing due to the possibility based on their mechanism and pharmacology properties. Re-analysis of gene expression profile could identify new potential targets, confirm a current implication, and expand the chance of repurposing drugs for osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawikant Kamolphiwong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Weerinrada Wongrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Induced resistance to ifosfamide in osteosarcoma cells suggests a more aggressive tumor profile. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101357. [PMID: 36213144 PMCID: PMC9535421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone sarcoma among children and adolescents. Treatment is based on neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, using the standard drugs cisplatin, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide (IFO). Due to the high capacity of tumor resistance, the current work aimed to analyze genes related to cycle control and cell differentiation in OS cells sensitive to and with induced resistance to IFO. This was to assess whether the differentiated expression of these genes may affect resistance to the drug IFO used in OS treatment, and thus establish possible biomarkers of disease progression. Materials and methods In this work, the treatment-sensitive OS U2OS lineage was used, and the same lineage was submitted to the process of induction of IFO resistance. These cells were evaluated by MTT, migration and proliferation assays and submitted to gene expression analysis. Key findings The results demonstrate that after induction of resistance to IFO, resistant U2OS cells show a more aggressive tumor behavior, with greater capacity for cell migration, proliferation, and invasion compared to sensitive cells. Gene analysis indicates that resistance-induced cells have differentiated expression of the genes EPB41L3, GADD45A, IER3, OXCT1, UBE2L6, UBE2A ALPL, and EFNB2. Our results suggest new perspectives on possible resistance biomarkers, especially the genes EFNB2 and EPB41L3, given that these genes have rarely been studied their expression linked to osteosarcoma. They show how the resistance induction model can be useful for studies on tumor cell behavior. The U2OS cell line with induced resistance demonstrated greater capacity for cell migration and proliferation. With the resistance induction to Ifosfamide, the EPB41L3, IER3, OXCT1 and EFNB2 genes were differently expressed. EPB41L3, IER3, OXCT1 genes have potential to develop new tests in the search for biomarkers to detect aggressive tumors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Origin and Therapies of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143503. [PMID: 35884563 PMCID: PMC9322921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children, with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 70% to 20% depending on the aggressiveness of the disease. The current treatments have not evolved over the past four decades due in part to the genetic complexity of the disease and its heterogeneity. This review will summarize the current knowledge of OS origin, diagnosis and therapies. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone tumor, mainly affecting children and young adults. Despite therapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate is 70% but drastically decreases to 20–30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastasis. No real evolution of the survival rates has been observed for four decades, explained by poor knowledge of the origin, difficulties related to diagnosis and the lack of targeted therapies for this pediatric tumor. This review will describe a non-exhaustive overview of osteosarcoma disease from a clinical and biological point of view, describing the origin, diagnosis and therapies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ari F, Napieralski R, Akgun O, Magdolen V, Ulukaya E. Epigenetic modulators combination with chemotherapy in breast cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:571-583. [PMID: 33608886 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the concerning adverse effects on tumour development, epigenetic drugs are very promising in cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the differential effects of standard chemotherapy regimens (FEC: 5-fluorouracil plus epirubicine plus cyclophosphamide) in combination with epigenetic modulators (decitabine, valproic acid): (a) on gene methylation levels of selected tumour biomarkers (LINE-1, uPA, PAI-1, DAPK); (b) their expression status (uPA and PAI-1); (c) differentiation status (5meC and H3K27me3). Furthermore, cell survival as well as changes concerning the invasion capacity were monitored in cell culture models of breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231). A significant overall decrease of cell survival was observed in the FEC-containing combination therapies for both cell lines. Methylation results showed a general tendency towards increased demethylation of the uPA and PAI-1 gene promoters for the MCF-7 cells, as well as the proapoptotic DAPK gene in the treatment regimens for both cell lines. The uPA and PAI-1 antigen levels were mainly increased in the supernatant of FEC-only treated MDA-MB-231 cells. DAC-only treatment induced an increase of secreted uPA protein in MCF-7 cell culture, while most of the VPA-containing regimens also induced uPA and PAI-1 expression in MCF-7 cell fractions. Epigenetically active substances can also induce a re-differentiation in tumour cells, as shown by 5meC, H3K27me3 applying ICC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Epigenetic modulators especially in the highly undifferentiated and highly malignant MDA-MB-231 tumour cells significantly reduced tumour malignancy thus; further clinical studies applying specific combination therapies with epigenetic modulators may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Ari
- Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rudolf Napieralski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Therawis Diagnostics GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Akgun
- Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mpingirika EZ, El Hosseiny A, Bakheit SMS, Arafeh R, Amleh A. Potential Anticancer Activity of Crude Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Water Extracts of Ephedra foeminea on Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Viability and Migration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3837693. [PMID: 32695811 PMCID: PMC7368211 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3837693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are potential sources for a wide range of complex compounds with probable anticancer activity. Ephedra foeminea Forssk. (E. foeminea), a medicinal plant found in the Eastern Mediterranean, has recently been gaining popularity as a cancer remedy; there is, however, a paucity of empirical evidence supporting this claim. In this study, the effect of E. foeminea ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water crude extracts on viability, migratory ability, and the steady-state mRNA levels of genes involved in these processes was, respectively, examined using MTT assay, wound healing assay, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The study concludes that all extracts significantly reduce human osteosarcoma U2OS percentage viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with varying potencies. The least half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed in the water extract after 48 h incubation (30.761 ± 1.4 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate extract after 72 h incubation (80.35 ± 1.233 μg/mL) and finally the ethanol extract after 48 h incubation (97.499 ± 1.188 μg/mL). Ethanol extract significantly reduced U2OS percentage wound closure. On the other hand, both ethanol and water extracts considerably reduced the steady-state mRNA expression of beta-catenin, promoting both cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma by regulating target genes. Additionally, E. foeminea showed no hemolytic activity. These effects suggest that E. foeminea decreases U2OS cell viability and migratory ability by modulating the expression of critical genes involved in regulating these processes and is likely cytocompatible with human erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed El Hosseiny
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | | | - Rami Arafeh
- Palestine-Korea Biotechnology Center, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, State of Palestine
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asano N, Takeshima H, Yamashita S, Takamatsu H, Hattori N, Kubo T, Yoshida A, Kobayashi E, Nakayama R, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Ichikawa H, Kawai A, Kondo T, Ushijima T. Epigenetic reprogramming underlies efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy in osteosarcomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20360. [PMID: 31889115 PMCID: PMC6937291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) patients with metastasis or recurrent tumors still suffer from poor prognosis. Studies have indicated the efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy for OS, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of how epigenetic therapy has therapeutic efficacy in OS. Treatment of four OS cell lines with a DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment, markedly suppressed their growth, and in vivo efficacy was further confirmed using two OS xenografts. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis showed that 10 of 28 primary OS had large numbers of methylated CpG islands while the remaining 18 OS did not, clustering together with normal tissue samples and Ewing sarcoma samples. Among the genes aberrantly methylated in primary OS, genes involved in skeletal system morphogenesis were present. Searching for methylation-silenced genes by expression microarray screening of two OS cell lines after 5-aza-dC treatment revealed that multiple tumor-suppressor and osteo/chondrogenesis-related genes were re-activated by 5-aza-dC treatment of OS cells. Simultaneous activation of multiple genes related to osteogenesis and cell proliferation, namely epigenetic reprogramming, was considered to underlie the efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Asano
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Bone cancer metastasis is extremely painful and decreases the quality of life of the affected patients. Available pharmacological treatments are not able to sufficiently ameliorate the pain, and as patients with cancer are living longer, new treatments for pain management are needed. Decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), a DNA methyltransferases inhibitor, has analgesic properties in preclinical models of postsurgical and soft-tissue oral cancer pain by inducing an upregulation of endogenous opioids. In this study, we report that daily treatment with decitabine (2 µg/g, intraperitoneally) attenuated nociceptive behavior in the 4T1-luc2 mouse model of bone cancer pain. We hypothesized that the analgesic mechanism of decitabine involved activation of the endogenous opioid system through demethylation and reexpression of the transcriptionally silenced endothelin B receptor gene, Ednrb. Indeed, Ednrb was hypermethylated and transcriptionally silenced in the mouse model of bone cancer pain. We demonstrated that expression of Ednrb in the cancer cells lead to release of β-endorphin in the cell supernatant, which reduced the number of responsive dorsal root ganglia neurons in an opioid-dependent manner. Our study supports a role of demethylating drugs, such as decitabine, as unique pharmacological agents targeting the pain in the cancer microenvironment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi PS, Shu Y, Bi WX, Zheng XB, Feng WJ, He LY, Li JS. Emerging role of zinc finger protein A20 as a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21479-21484. [PMID: 31134613 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, is a major public health problem. Zinc finger protein A20 (A20), an acute phase response gene, is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. A20 serves a critical role in liver protection, including limiting inflammation following hepatic injury, stimulating hepatocyte growth, and preventing hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. A20 is also involved in different processes, including tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Accumulated studies have reported the clinical implications and biological relevance of A20 in the development and progression of HCC. The underlying mechanisms of A20 in HCC include inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, protein tyrosine kinase 2 activation and Rac family GTPase 1 activity. Combining liver protection with tumor inhibition is a unique advantage of A20, which has the potential to be a novel treatment for promoting liver regeneration following liver resection in patients with HCC with liver cirrhosis. This review discusses the hepato-protective effect of A20 on hepatocytes and its potential role in cancer development, particularly its suppressor effect on HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sheng Yi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiu Bi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Bo Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Wan Jing Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shui Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
HDAC2-mediated upregulation of IL-6 triggers the migration of osteosarcoma cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:423-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Manara MC, Valente S, Cristalli C, Nicoletti G, Landuzzi L, Zwergel C, Mazzone R, Stazi G, Arimondo PB, Pasello M, Guerzoni C, Picci P, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Mai A, Scotlandi K. A Quinoline-Based DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor as a Possible Adjuvant in Osteosarcoma Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1881-1892. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Raimondi L, De Luca A, Costa V, Amodio N, Carina V, Bellavia D, Tassone P, Pagani S, Fini M, Alessandro R, Giavaresi G. Circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma: new translational tools for diagnosis and treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100831-100851. [PMID: 29246026 PMCID: PMC5725068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, with high incidence in children and young adults, accounting for approximately 60% of all malignant bone tumours. Currently, long-term disease-free survival can be achieved by surgical treatment plus chemotherapy in approximately 60% of patients with localized extremity disease, and in 20-30% of patients with metastatic lung or bone disease. Diagnosis of primary lesions and recurrences is achieved by using radiological investigations and standard tissue biopsy, the latter being costly, painful and hardly repeatable for patients. Therefore, despite some recent advances, novel biomarkers for OS diagnosis, prediction of response to therapy, disease progression and chemoresistance, are urgently needed. Biological fluids such as blood represent a rich source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers, which allow to understand what is really happening inside the tumour, either at diagnosis or during disease progression. In this regard, liquid biopsy potentially represents an alternative and non-invasive method to detect tumour onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art in this novel area, illustrating recent studies on OS. Although the data reported in literature seem preliminary, liquid biopsy represents a promising tool with the potential to be rapidly translated in the clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Raimondi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patties I, Kortmann RD, Menzel F, Glasow A. Enhanced inhibition of clonogenic survival of human medulloblastoma cells by multimodal treatment with ionizing irradiation, epigenetic modifiers, and differentiation-inducing drugs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:94. [PMID: 27317342 PMCID: PMC4912728 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment regimes consisting of primary surgery followed by radio- and chemotherapy, achieve 5-year overall survival rates of only about 60 %. Therapy-induced endocrine and neurocognitive deficits are common late adverse effects. Thus, improved antitumor strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we combined irradiation (IR) together with epigenetic modifiers and differentiation inducers in a multimodal approach to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapy in MB and also assessed possible late adverse effects on neurogenesis. Methods In three human MB cell lines (DAOY, MEB-Med8a, D283-Med) short-time survival (trypan blue exclusion assay), apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle distribution, formation of gH2AX foci, and long-term reproductive survival (clonogenic assay) were analyzed after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), valproic acid (VPA), suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), abacavir (ABC), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and resveratrol (RES) alone or combined with 5-aza-dC and/or IR. Effects of combinatorial treatments on neurogenesis were evaluated in cultured murine hippocampal slices from transgenic nestin-CFPnuc C57BL/J6 mice. Life imaging of nestin-positive neural stem cells was conducted at distinct time points for up to 28 days after treatment start. Results All tested drugs showed a radiosynergistic action on overall clonogenic survival at least in two-outof-three MB cell lines. This effect was pronounced in multimodal treatments combining IR, 5-aza-dC and a second drug. Hereby, ABC and RES induced the strongest reduction of clongenic survival in all three MB cell lines and led to the induction of apoptosis (RES, ABC) and/or autophagy (ABC). Additionally, 5-aza-dC, RES, and ABC increased the S phase cell fraction and induced the formation of gH2AX foci at least in oneout-of-three cell lines. Thereby, the multimodal treatment with 5-aza-dC, IR, and RES or ABC did not change the number of normal neural progenitor cells in murine slice cultures. Conclusion In conclusion, the radiosensitizing capacities of epigenetic and differentiation-inducing drugs presented here suggest that their adjuvant administration might improve MB therapy. Thereby, the combination of 5-aza-dC/IR with ABC and RES seemed to be the most promising to enhance tumor control without affecting the normal neural precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Franziska Menzel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu G, Wu D, Liang X, Yue H, Cui Y. Mechanisms and in vitro effects of cepharanthine hydrochloride: Classification analysis of the drug-induced differentially-expressed genes of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2002-10. [PMID: 26260412 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most commonly diagnosed head and neck malignancy and is prevalent worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of cepharanthine hydrochloride (CH) in several human cancer cells. However, the action of CH in NPC cells has yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CH in human NPC cell lines including CNE-1 and CNE-2 on cell growth and apoptosis in vitro. Using MTT and ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assays it was found that CH inhibited cell viability. Additionally, flow cytometric and analysis electron microscopy revealed the inhibition of cell cycle progression and reduction of apoptosis, respectively, in human NPC cell lines including CNE-1 and CNE-2 in vitro. To identify the potential action mechanisms of CH, the cDNA microarray analysis results were confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis using a number of genes, including CDKN1A/P21, NR4A1/TR3 and DAXX. In total, 138 upregulated and 63 downregulated genes in CNE-2 cells were treated with CH. According to their biological function, the genes were classified as: i) cell cycle-related genes; ii) DNA repair‑related genes; iii) apoptosis-related genes and iv) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors signal pathways. The results of the present study showed that CH is a potential therapeutic agent against human NPC, and provide rational explanations and a scientific basis for the study of the development of CH in the treatment of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Yue
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rello-Varona S, Herrero-Martín D, Lagares-Tena L, López-Alemany R, Mulet-Margalef N, Huertas-Martínez J, Garcia-Monclús S, García Del Muro X, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Tirado OM. The importance of being dead: cell death mechanisms assessment in anti-sarcoma therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:82. [PMID: 25905041 PMCID: PMC4387920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death can occur through different mechanisms, defined by their nature and physiological implications. Correct assessment of cell death is crucial for cancer therapy success. Sarcomas are a large and diverse group of neoplasias from mesenchymal origin. Among cell death types, apoptosis is by far the most studied in sarcomas. Albeit very promising in other fields, regulated necrosis and other cell death circumstances (as so-called "autophagic cell death" or "mitotic catastrophe") have not been yet properly addressed in sarcomas. Cell death is usually quantified in sarcomas by unspecific assays and in most cases the precise sequence of events remains poorly characterized. In this review, our main objective is to put into context the most recent sarcoma cell death findings in the more general landscape of different cell death modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rello-Varona
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Herrero-Martín
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Lagares-Tena
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Roser López-Alemany
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Núria Mulet-Margalef
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Juan Huertas-Martínez
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Silvia Garcia-Monclús
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu J, Song G, Tang Q, Zou C, Han F, Zhao Z, Yong B, Yin J, Xu H, Xie X, Kang T, Lam Y, Yang H, Shen J, Wang J. IRX1 hypomethylation promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via induction of CXCL14/NF-κB signaling. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1839-56. [PMID: 25822025 DOI: 10.1172/jci78437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor with a propensity to metastasize to the lungs. Epigenetic abnormalities have been demonstrated to underlie osteosarcoma development; however, the epigenetic mechanisms that are involved in metastasis are not yet clear. Here, we analyzed 2 syngeneic primary human osteosarcoma cell lines that exhibit disparate metastatic potential for differences in epigenetic modifications and expression. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and microarray expression analysis to screen for metastasis-associated genes, we identified Iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1). In both human osteosarcoma cell lines and clinical osteosarcoma tissues, IRX1 overexpression was strongly associated with hypomethylation of its own promoter. Furthermore, experimental modulation of IRX1 in osteosarcoma cell lines profoundly altered metastatic activity, including migration, invasion, and resistance to anoikis in vitro, and influenced lung metastasis in murine models. These prometastatic effects of IRX1 were mediated by upregulation of CXCL14/NF-κB signaling. In serum from osteosarcoma patients, the presence of IRX1 hypomethylation in circulating tumor DNA reduced lung metastasis-free survival. Together, these results identify IRX1 as a prometastatic gene, implicate IRX1 hypomethylation as a potential molecular marker for lung metastasis, and suggest that epigenetic reversion of IRX1 activation may be beneficial for controlling osteosarcoma metastasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anoikis
- Base Sequence
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/blood
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/metabolism
- Osteosarcoma/secondary
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/blood
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
|
18
|
Ru JY, Cong Y, Kang WB, Yu L, Guo T, Zhao JN. Polymorphisms in TP53 are associated with risk and survival of osteosarcoma in a Chinese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:3198-3203. [PMID: 26045840 PMCID: PMC4440149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent histological form of primary bone cancer in adolescence. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene which is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation. The purpose of this study is to examine whether genetic mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with OS risk and survival in a Chinese population. Five polymorphisms in the TP53 gene were selected in a case-control study, including 210 OS patients and 420 cancer-free controls. We found that subjects carrying rs12951053 CC genotype and rs1042522 GG genotype were significantly associated with risk of OS [odds ratio (OR)=1.68, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.05-2.68; OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.07] compared with subjects carrying the common genotypes. Results of haplotype analysis also showed that A-G-G-A-C haplotype (rs12951053, rs1042522, rs8064946, rs9895829 and rs12602273) conferred significant decreased risk of OS (OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.72) compared with A-C-G-A-C haplotype. Besides, rs1042522 was an independent prognostic factor for OS with hazard radio (HR)=1.94 (95% CI: 1.03-3.65) in GG genotype than in CC genotype. Our data suggest that genetic mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with risk and survival of OS in Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ying Ru
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yu Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wen-Bo Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing 210002, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tyagi T, Treas JN, Mahalingaiah PKS, Singh KP. Potentiation of growth inhibition and epigenetic modulation by combination of green tea polyphenol and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:655-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, typically presenting in the first or second decade of life. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes for osteosarcoma patients have not substantially improved in over 30 years. This stagnation in therapeutic advances is perhaps explained by the genetic, epigenetic, and biological complexities of this rare tumor. In this review we provide a general background on the biology of osteosarcoma and the clinical status quo. We go on to enumerate the genetic and epigenetic defects identified in osteosarcoma. Finally, we discuss ongoing large-scale studies in the field and potential new therapies that are currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chand Khanna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li B, Ye Z. Epigenetic alterations in osteosarcoma: promising targets. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3303-15. [PMID: 24500341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is being reinterpreted due to recent discoveries related to epigenetic regulation during development, and the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in initiation and progression of cancer has been further highlighted by the recent explosion in medical information. Osteosarcoma is highly genetically unstable, and current therapeutic regimens are subject to chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma will provide novel avenues for cancer therapy. In this review, we examine the epigenetic alterations in gene expression in osteosarcoma, and discuss the utilization of epigenetic regulation therapy in treatment against osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gorlick R, Janeway K, Lessnick S, Randall RL, Marina N. Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: bone tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:1009-15. [PMID: 23255238 PMCID: PMC4610028 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the US, approximately 650 children are diagnosed with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (ES) each year. Five-year survival ranges from 65% to 75% for localized disease and <30% for patients with metastases. Recent findings include interval-compressed five drug chemotherapy improves survival with localized ES. In osteosarcoma a large international trial investigating the addition of ifosfamide/etoposide or interferon to standard therapy has completed accrual. For ES an ongoing trial explores the addition of cyclophosphamide/topotecan to interval-compressed chemotherapy. Trials planned by the Children's Oncology Group will investigate new target(s) including IGF-1R and mTOR in ES, and RANKL and GD2 in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gorlick
- The Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Pharmacology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Katherine Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Lessnick
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Center for Children’s Cancer Research at Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - R. Lor Randall
- Orthopaedics Huntsman Cancer Institute & Primary Children’s Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital & Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most frequent primary bone tumor, is a malignant mesenchymal sarcoma with a peak incidence in young children and adolescents. Left untreated, it progresses relentlessly to local and systemic disease, ultimately leading to death within months. Genomically, osteosarcomas are aneuploid with chaotic karyotypes, lacking the pathognomonic genetic rearrangements characteristic of most sarcomas. The familial genetics of osteosarcoma helped in elucidating some of the etiological molecular disruptions, such as the tumor suppressor genes RB1 in retinoblastoma and TP53 in Li-Fraumeni, and RECQL4 involved in DNA repair/replication in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Genomic profiling approaches such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) have provided additional insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for generating complex osteosarcoma genomes. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the clinical features of conventional osteosarcoma, the predominant subtypes, and a general overview of materials and analytical methods of osteosarcoma aCGH, followed by a more detailed literature overview of aCGH studies and a discussion of emerging genes, molecular mechanisms, and their clinical implications, as well as more recent application of integrative genomics in osteosarcoma. aCHG is helping elucidate genomic events leading to tumor development and evolution as well as identification of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
24
|
PENG LEI, LIU AN, SHEN YUE, XU HUAZI, YANG SHIZHOU, YING XIAOZHOU, LIAO WEI, LIU HAIXIAO, LIN ZHONGQIN, CHEN QINGYU, CHENG SHAOWEN, SHEN WEIDONG. Antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects of thymoquinone on osteosarcoma through the NF-κB pathway. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:571-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
25
|
Thrombospondin-1 expression in melanoma is blocked by methylation and targeted reversal by 5-Aza-deoxycytidine suppresses angiogenesis. Matrix Biol 2012. [PMID: 23202046 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversibility of aberrant methylation via pharmacological means is an attractive target for therapies through epigenetic reprogramming. To establish that pharmacologic reversal of methylation could result in functional inhibition of angiogenesis, we undertook in vitro and in vivo studies of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), a known inhibitor of angiogenesis. TSP1 is methylated in several malignancies, and can inhibit angiogenesis in melanoma xenografts. We analyzed effects of 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) on melanoma cells in vitro to confirm reversal of promoter hypermethylation and restoration of TSP1 expression. We then investigated the effects of TSP1 expression on new blood vessel formation and tumor growth in vivo. Finally, to determine potential for clinical translation, the methylation status of TSP1 promoter regions of nevi and melanoma tissues was investigated. RESULTS 5-Aza-dC reduced DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein, reversed promoter hypermethylation, and restored TSP1 expression in five melanoma cell lines, while having no effect on TSP1 protein levels in normal human melanocytes. In in vivo neovascularization studies, mice were implanted with melanoma cells (A375) either untreated or treated with 5Aza-dC. Vessels at tumor sites were counted by an observer blinded to treatments and the number of tumor vessels was significantly decreased at pretreated tumor sites. This difference occurred before a significant difference in tumor volumes was seen, yet in further studies the average tumor volume in mice treated in vivo with 5-Aza-dC was decreased by 55% compared to untreated controls. Knockdown of TSP1 expression with shRNA enhanced tumor-induced angiogenesis by 68%. Analyses of promoter methylation status of TSP1 in tumors derived from untreated and treated mice identified 67% of tumors from untreated and 17% of tumors from treated mice with partial methylation consistent with the methylation specific PCR analysis of A375 cells. Examination of methylation patterns in the promoter of TSP1 and comparison of aberrantly methylated TSP1 in melanoma with non-malignant nevi identified a significantly higher frequency of promoter methylation in tumor samples from melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological reversal of methylation silenced TSP1 had functional biological consequences in enhancing angiogenesis inhibition and inducing antitumor effects to decrease murine melanoma growth. Angiogenesis inhibition is an additional mechanism by which epigenetic modulators can have antitumor effects.
Collapse
|
26
|
The role of A20 in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic malignancy. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:44. [PMID: 23134590 PMCID: PMC3518150 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune phenomena were identified in many different cases of hematological diseases and solid tumors, which may be due to alterations in the expression and function of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Recently, a number of studies have shown that the deletion or mutation of A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB, is frequently found in lymphomas, suggesting that it may be a linker between the altered immune response and leukemogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings of the A20 biological functions and its molecular mechanism as a tumor suppressor and immune regulator. The identification of A20 mutations and deletions in lymphocytic malignancy and the predictive significance of these aberrations are also reviewed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Thayanithy V, Park C, Sarver AL, Kartha RV, Korpela DM, Graef AJ, Steer CJ, Modiano JF, Subramanian S. Combinatorial treatment of DNA and chromatin-modifying drugs cause cell death in human and canine osteosarcoma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43720. [PMID: 22957032 PMCID: PMC3434163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the 14q32 locus stabilizes the expression of cMYC, thus significantly contributing to osteosarcoma (OS) pathobiology. Here, we show that downregulation of 14q32 miRNAs is epigenetically regulated. The predicted promoter regions of miRNA clusters at 14q32 locus showed no recurrent patterns of differential methylation, but Saos2 cells showed elevated histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate increased acetylation of histones associated with 14q32 miRNAs, but interestingly, robust restoration of 14q32 miRNA expression, attenuation of cMYC expression, and induction of apoptosis required concomitant treatment with 5-Azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation. These events were associated with genome-wide gene expression changes including induction of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of cell cycle genes. Comparable effects were achieved in human and canine OS cells using the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA/Vorinostat) and the DNA methylation inhibitor Zebularine (Zeb), with significantly more pronounced cytotoxicity in cells whose molecular phenotypes were indicative of aggressive biological behavior. These results suggested that the combination of these chromatin-modifying drugs may be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of rapidly progressive OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Thayanithy
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - ChangWon Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Reena V. Kartha
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Derek M. Korpela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Graef
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bennani-Baiti IM. Epigenetic and epigenomic mechanisms shape sarcoma and other mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis. Epigenomics 2012; 3:715-32. [PMID: 22126291 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas comprise a large number of rare, histogenetically heterogeneous, mesenchymal tumors. Cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma can be generated by the transduction of mesenchymal stem cell progenitors with sarcoma-pathognomonic oncogenic fusions, a neoplastic transformation process accompanied by profound locus-specific and pangenomic epigenetic alterations. The epigenetic activities of histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling enzymes such as SUV39H1/KMT1A, EZH2/KMT6A and BMI1 are central to epigenetic-regulated transformation, a property we coin oncoepigenic. Sarcoma-specific oncoepigenic aberrations modulate critical signaling pathways that control cell growth and differentiation including several miRNAs, Wnt, PI3K/AKT, Sav-RASSF1-Hpo and regulators of the G1 and G2/M checkpoints of the cell cycle. Herein an overview of the current knowledge of this rapidly evolving field that will undoubtedly uncover additional oncoepigenic mechanisms and yield druggable targets in the near future is discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bernardini G, Braconi D, Spreafico A, Santucci A. Post-genomics of bone metabolic dysfunctions and neoplasias. Proteomics 2012; 12:708-21. [PMID: 22246652 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-genomic research on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, in contrast to that on many other cell types, has only been undertaken recently. Nevertheless, important information has been gained from these investigations on the mechanisms involved in osteoblast differentiation and on markers relevant for tissue regeneration and therapeutic validation of drugs, hormones and growth factors. These protein indicators may also have a diagnostic and prognostic value for bone dysfunctions and tumors. Some reviews have already focused on the application of transcriptomics and/or proteomics for exploring skeletal biology and related disorders. The main goal of the present review is to systematically summarize the most relevant post-genomic studies on various metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, Paget's disease and osteonecrosis), neoplasias (osteosarcoma) and metabolic conditions that indirectly affect bone tissue, such as alkaptonuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amatori S, Bagaloni I, Donati B, Fanelli M. DNA demethylating antineoplastic strategies: a comparative point of view. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:197-209. [PMID: 21779447 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910365081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the involvement of genetic alterations in neoplastic cell transformation, it is increasingly evident that abnormal epigenetic patterns, such as those affecting DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), play an essential role in the early stages of tumor development. This finding, together with the evidence that epigenetic changes are reversible, enabled the development of new antineoplastic therapeutic approaches known as epigenetic therapies. Epigenetic modifications are involved in the control of gene expression, and their aberrant distribution is thought to participate in neoplastic transformation by causing the deregulation of crucial cellular pathways. Epigenetic drugs are able to revert the defective gene expression profile of cancer cells and, consequently, reestablish normal molecular pathways. Considering the emerging interest in epigenetic therapeutics, this review focuses on the approaches affecting DNA methylation, evaluates novel strategies and those already approved for clinical use, and compares their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amatori
- Molecular Pathology and Oncology Lab. "PaoLa," Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo," Fano, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen P, Wang SJ, Wang HB, Ren P, Wang XQ, Liu WG, Gu WL, Li DQ, Zhang TG, Zhou CJ. The distribution of IGF2 and IMP3 in osteosarcoma and its relationship with angiogenesis. J Mol Histol 2011; 43:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
32
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent primary bone tumors. The pathogenesis and molecular development of this tumor remains elusive. The prognosis is unfavorable due to lack of effective treatment methods. Recent advances in the epigenetics have brought a profound impact on the understanding of molecular mechanisms that lead to osteosarcoma. In this review, we summarized the current literature on epigenetic changes that are thought to contribute to the carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, and discussed the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications as well as future areas of research.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kelly SE, Di Benedetto A, Greco A, Howard CM, Sollars VE, Primerano DA, Valluri JV, Claudio PP. Rapid selection and proliferation of CD133+ cells from cancer cell lines: chemotherapeutic implications. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10035. [PMID: 20386701 PMCID: PMC2851647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered a subset of the bulk tumor responsible for initiating and maintaining the disease. Several surface cellular markers have been recently used to identify CSCs. Among those is CD133, which is expressed by hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as embryonic stem cells and various cancers. We have recently isolated and cultured CD133 positive [CD133(+)] cells from various cancer cell lines using a NASA developed Hydrodynamic Focusing Bioreactor (HFB) (Celdyne, Houston, TX). For comparison, another bioreactor, the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) manufactured by Synthecon (Houston, TX) was used. Both the HFB and the RCCS bioreactors simulate aspects of hypogravity. In our study, the HFB increased CD133(+) cell growth from various cell lines compared to the RCCS vessel and to normal gravity control. We observed a (+)15-fold proliferation of the CD133(+) cellular fraction with cancer cells that were cultured for 7-days at optimized conditions. The RCCS vessel instead yielded a (−)4.8-fold decrease in the CD133(+)cellular fraction respect to the HFB after 7-days of culture. Interestingly, we also found that the hypogravity environment of the HFB greatly sensitized the CD133(+) cancer cells, which are normally resistant to chemo treatment, to become susceptible to various chemotherapeutic agents, paving the way to less toxic and more effective chemotherapeutic treatment in patients. To be able to test the efficacy of cytotoxic agents in vitro prior to their use in clinical setting on cancer cells as well as on cancer stem cells may pave the way to more effective chemotherapeutic strategies in patients. This could be an important advancement in the therapeutic options of oncologic patients, allowing for more targeted and personalized chemotherapy regimens as well as for higher response rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Kelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Altomare Di Benedetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnology, s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, and IBB-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Candace M. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vincent E. Sollars
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Primerano
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jagan V. Valluri
- Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Trougakos IP, Chondrogianni N, Amarantos I, Blake J, Schwager C, Wirkner U, Ansorge W, Gonos ES. Genome-wide transcriptome profile of the human osteosarcoma Sa OS and U-2 OS cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 196:109-18. [PMID: 20082845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the use of genome-wide cDNA microarrays, we investigated the transcriptome profile of the human osteosarcoma Sa OS and U-2 OS cell lines. In all, 1,098 chip entries were differentially regulated in the two cell lines; of these, 796 entries corresponded to characterized mRNAs. The identified genes are mostly expressed in epithelial tissues and localize on chromosomes 1, 10, and 20. Furthermore, signaling cascades for cell cycle, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis, the p53 pathway, cell communication, and focal adhesion were found to be differently regulated in the two cell lines. The transcriptome profiles reported here provide novel information about the considerable molecular differences between these two widely used human osteosarcoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology & Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15784, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bélanger AS, Tojcic J, Harvey M, Guillemette C. Regulation of UGT1A1 and HNF1 transcription factor gene expression by DNA methylation in colon cancer cells. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:9. [PMID: 20096102 PMCID: PMC2835698 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is a pivotal enzyme involved in metabolism of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan commonly used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer. We previously demonstrated aberrant methylation of specific CpG dinucleotides in UGT1A1-negative cells, and revealed that methylation state of the UGT1A1 5'-flanking sequence is negatively correlated with gene transcription. Interestingly, one of these CpG dinucleotides (CpG -4) is found close to a HNF1 response element (HRE), known to be involved in activation of UGT1A1 gene expression, and within an upstream stimulating factor (USF) binding site. Results Gel retardation assays revealed that methylation of CpG-4 directly affect the interaction of USF1/2 with its cognate sequence without altering the binding for HNF1-alpha. Luciferase assays sustained a role for USF1/2 and HNF1-alpha in UGT1A1 regulation in colon cancer cells. Based on the differential expression profiles of HNF1A gene in colon cell lines, we also assessed whether methylation affects its expression. In agreement with the presence of CpG islands in the HNF1A promoter, treatments of UGT1A1-negative HCT116 colon cancer cells with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor restore HNF1A gene expression, as observed for UGT1A1. Conclusions This study reveals that basal UGT1A1 expression in colon cells is positively regulated by HNF1-alpha and USF, and negatively regulated by DNA methylation. Besides, DNA methylation of HNF1A could also play an important role in regulating additional cellular drug metabolism and transporter pathways. This process may contribute to determine local inactivation of drugs such as the anticancer agent SN-38 by glucuronidation and define tumoral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bélanger
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Laurier, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guillemette C, Lévesque E, Harvey M, Bellemare J, Menard V. UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication. Drug Metab Rev 2009; 42:24-44. [DOI: 10.3109/03602530903210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
37
|
Jee CD, Kim MA, Jung EJ, Kim J, Kim WH. Identification of genes epigenetically silenced by CpG methylation in human gastric carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1282-1293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Sadikovic B, Yoshimoto M, Chilton-MacNeill S, Thorner P, Squire JA, Zielenska M. Identification of interactive networks of gene expression associated with osteosarcoma oncogenesis by integrated molecular profiling. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:1962-75. [PMID: 19286668 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gene expression in tumors can be caused by copy number alterations to DNA or mutation affecting coding or regulatory regions of genes. However, epigenetic events may also influence gene expression. Malignant cells can show major disruptions in DNA methylation profiles, which are manifested as aberrant hypermethylation or as hypomethylation of gene promoters, as well as global genomic hypomethylation. In this study we performed integrative whole-genome analysis of DNA copy number, promoter methylation and gene expression using 10 osteosarcomas. We identified significant changes including: hypomethylation, gain, and overexpression of histone cluster 2 genes at chromosome 1q21.1-q21.3; loss of chromosome 8p21.2-p21.3 and underexpression of DOCK5 and TNFRSF10A/D genes; and amplification-related overexpression of RUNX2 at chromosome 6p12.3-p21.1. Amplification and overexpression of RUNX2 could disrupt G2/M cell cycle checkpoints, and downstream osteosarcoma-specific changes, such as failure of bone differentiation and genomic polyploidization. Failure of DOCK5-signaling, together with p53 and TNFRSF10A/D-related cell cycle and death pathways, may play a critical role in abrogating apoptosis. Our analyses show that the RUNX2 interactome may be constitutively activated in osteosarcoma, and that the downstream intracellular pathways are strongly associated with the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and control of cell cycle and apoptosis in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
For patients with osteosarcoma, the development of metastases, often to the lungs, is the most common cause of death. Long-term outcomes for patients who present with localized or disseminated disease have largely remained unchanged over the past 20 years. Further improvements in outcome are not likely to come from intensification of cytotoxic chemotherapy; as such, new targets for treatment are needed. A view toward such targets in osteosarcoma may be constructed based on three common clinical features of the disease. These include the origin of osteosarcoma in the bone or primitive mesenchymal cells, the predictable process of metastatic progression characterized by this disease, and the development of metastatic lesions almost exclusively in the lung. It is likely and potentially favorable for some targets to be relevant for more than one process. This review summarizes novel targets under evaluation for the treatment of osteosarcoma based on these three features of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chand Khanna
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Tumor Metastasis Biology Section, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sadikovic B, Yoshimoto M, Al-Romaih K, Maire G, Zielenska M, Squire JA. In vitro analysis of integrated global high-resolution DNA methylation profiling with genomic imbalance and gene expression in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2834. [PMID: 18698372 PMCID: PMC2515339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to deregulation of gene expression and development of human cancer. Changes in DNA methylation are key epigenetic factors regulating gene expression and genomic stability. Recent progress in microarray technologies resulted in developments of high resolution platforms for profiling of genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes. OS is a pediatric bone tumor with characteristically high level of numerical and structural chromosomal changes. Furthermore, little is known about DNA methylation changes in OS. Our objective was to develop an integrative approach for analysis of high-resolution epigenomic, genomic, and gene expression profiles in order to identify functional epi/genomic differences between OS cell lines and normal human osteoblasts. A combination of Affymetrix Promoter Tilling Arrays for DNA methylation, Agilent array-CGH platform for genomic imbalance and Affymetrix Gene 1.0 platform for gene expression analysis was used. As a result, an integrative high-resolution approach for interrogation of genome-wide tumour-specific changes in DNA methylation was developed. This approach was used to provide the first genomic DNA methylation maps, and to identify and validate genes with aberrant DNA methylation in OS cell lines. This first integrative analysis of global cancer-related changes in DNA methylation, genomic imbalance, and gene expression has provided comprehensive evidence of the cumulative roles of epigenetic and genetic mechanisms in deregulation of gene expression networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Research, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maisa Yoshimoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Research, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaldoun Al-Romaih
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Research, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georges Maire
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Research, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Zielenska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Squire
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Research, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Labs, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Decitabine-induced demethylation of 5' CpG island in GADD45A leads to apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Neoplasia 2008; 10:471-80. [PMID: 18472964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
GADD45 genes are epigenetically inactivated in various types of cancer and tumor cell lines. To date, defects of the GADD45 gene family have not been implicated in osteosarcoma (OS) oncogenesis, and the role of this pathway in regulating apoptosis in this tumor is unknown. The therapeutic potential of Gadd45 in OS emerged when our previous studies showed that GADD45A was reexpressed by treatment with the demethylation drug decitabine. In this study, we analyze the OS cell lines MG63 and U2OS and show that on treatment with decitabine, a significant loss of DNA methylation of GADD45A was associated with elevated expression and induction of apoptosis. In vivo affects of decitabine treatment in mice showed that untreated control xenografts exhibited low nuclear staining for Gadd45a protein, whereas the nuclei from xenografts in decitabine-treated mice exhibited increased amounts of protein and elevated apoptosis. To show the specificity of this gene for decitabine-induced apoptosis in OS, GADD45A mRNAs were disrupted using short interference RNA, and the ability of the drug to induce apoptosis was reduced. Understanding the role of demethylation of GADD45A in reexpression of this pathway and restoration of apoptotic control is important for understanding OS oncogenesis and for more targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|