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Xu M, Liu Y, Kuang X, Pu Y, Jiang Y, Zhao X, Yang X, Li M. Nuclear NME1 enhances the malignant behavior of A549 cells and impacts lung adenocarcinoma patient prognosis. iScience 2024; 27:110286. [PMID: 39055952 PMCID: PMC11269300 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
NME1 is a metastatic suppressor inconsistently reported to have multiple roles as both a promoter and inhibitor of cancer metastasis. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism behind these results is still unclear. We observed that A549 cells with stable transfer of NME1 into the nucleus (A549-nNm23-H1) exhibited significantly increased migration and invasion activity compared to vector control cells, which was further enhanced by over-expressing CYP24A1 (p < 0.001). NME1 demonstrated the ability to safely attach to and amplify the transcription activation of JUN, consequently leading to the up-regulation of CYP24A1. Analysis of clinical data showed a positive relationship between nuclear NME1 levels and CYP24A1 expression. Furthermore, they were positively associated with postoperative distant metastasis and negatively correlated with prognosis in those with early stage lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the data presented provides a new understanding of the probable pathways by which nuclear NME1 facilitates tumor metastasis, establishing the groundwork for future prediction and treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingda Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunjie Kuang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhu Jiang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wu Y, Yu B, Ai X, Zhang W, Chen W, Laurence A, Zhang M, Chen Q, Shao Y, Zhang B. TIF1γ and SMAD4 regulation in colorectal cancer: impact on cell proliferation and liver metastasis. Biol Chem 2024; 405:241-256. [PMID: 38270141 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) and SMAD4 on the proliferation and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through knockdown of TIF1γ and/or SMAD4 and knockdown of TIF1γ and/or restoration of SMAD4 expression. Furthermore, we examined TIF1γ and SMAD4 expression in human primary CRC and corresponding liver metastatic CRC specimens. TIF1γ promoted but SMAD4 inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells by competitively binding to activated SMAD2/SMAD3 complexes and then reversely regulating c-Myc, p21, p27, and cyclinA2 levels. Surprisingly, both TIF1γ and SMAD4 reduced the liver metastasis of all studied CRC cell lines via inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway-mediated COX-2, Nm23, uPA, and MMP9 expression. In patients with advanced CRC, reduced TIF1γ or SMAD4 expression was correlated with increased invasion and liver metastasis and was a significant, independent risk factor for recurrence and survival after radical resection. Patients with advanced CRC with reduced TIF1γ or SAMD4 expression had higher recurrence rates and shorter overall survival. TIF1γ and SMAD4 competitively exert contrasting effects on cell proliferation but act complementarily to suppress the liver metastasis of CRC via MEK/ERK pathway inhibition. Thus, reduced TIF1γ or SMAD4 expression in advanced CRC predicts earlier liver metastasis and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xi Ai
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weixun Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yajie Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhao Z, Li T, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. What is new in cancer-associated fibroblast biomarkers? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 37143134 PMCID: PMC10158035 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is one of the important drivers of tumor development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor stroma and actively participate in tumor development, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and other biological behaviors. CAFs are a highly heterogeneous group of cells, a reflection of the diversity of their origin, biomarkers, and functions. The diversity of CAF origin determines the complexity of CAF biomarkers, and CAF subpopulations expressing different biomarkers may play contrasting roles in tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of these emerging CAF biomarkers and the biological functions that they suggest, which may give a better understanding of the relationship between CAFs and tumor cells and be of great significance for breakthroughs in precision targeted therapy for tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 of Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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4
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Dai X, Zhang X, Lu P. Toward a holistic view of multiscale breast cancer molecular biomarkers. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1509-1533. [PMID: 31668082 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Powered by rapid technology developments, biomarkers become increasingly diverse, including those detected at genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and cellular levels. While diverse sets of biomarkers have been utilized in breast cancer predisposition, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and management, recent additions derived from lincRNA, circular RNA, circulating DNA together with its methylated and hydroxymethylated forms and immune signatures are likely to further transform clinical practice. Here, we take breast cancer as an example of heterogeneous diseases that require many informed decisions from treatment to care to review the huge variety of biomarkers. By assessing the advantages and limitations of modern biomarkers in diverse use scenarios, this article outlines the prospects and challenges of releasing complimentary advantages by augmentation of multiscale molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Nan Chang Qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Puts GS, Leonard MK, Pamidimukkala NV, Snyder DE, Kaetzel DM. Nuclear functions of NME proteins. J Transl Med 2018; 98:211-218. [PMID: 29058704 PMCID: PMC6136249 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The NME family of proteins is composed of 10 isoforms, designated NME1-10, which are diverse in their enzymatic activities and patterns of subcellular localization. Each contains a conserved domain associated with a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) function, although not all are catalytically active. Several of the NME isoforms (NME1, NME5, NME7, and NME8) also exhibit a 3'-5' exonuclease activity, suggesting roles in DNA proofreading and repair. NME1 and NME2 have been shown to translocate to the nucleus, although they lack a canonical nuclear localization signal. Binding of NME1 and NME2 to DNA does not appear to be sequence-specific in a strict sense, but instead is directed to single-stranded regions and/or other non-B-form structures. NME1 and NME2 have been identified as potential canonical transcription factors that regulate gene transcription through their DNA-binding activities. Indeed, the NME1 and NME2 isoforms have been shown to regulate gene expression programs in a number of cellular settings, and this regulatory function has been proposed to underlie their well-recognized ability to suppress the metastatic phenotype of cancer cells. Moreover, NME1 and, more recently, NME3, have been implicated in repair of both single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA. This suggests that reduced expression of NME proteins could contribute to the genomic instability that drives cancer progression. Clearly, a better understanding of the nuclear functions of NME1 and possibly other NME isoforms could provide critical insights into mechanisms underlying malignant progression in cancer. Indeed, clinical data indicate that the subcellular localization of NME1 may be an important prognostic marker in some cancers. This review summarizes putative functions of nuclear NME proteins in DNA binding, transcription, and DNA damage repair, and highlights their possible roles in cancer progression.
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Puts GS, Leonard MK, Pamidimukkala NV, Snyder DE, Kaetzel DM. Nuclear functions of NME proteins. J Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29058704 DOI: 10.38/labinvest.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NME family of proteins is composed of 10 isoforms, designated NME1-10, which are diverse in their enzymatic activities and patterns of subcellular localization. Each contains a conserved domain associated with a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) function, although not all are catalytically active. Several of the NME isoforms (NME1, NME5, NME7, and NME8) also exhibit a 3'-5' exonuclease activity, suggesting roles in DNA proofreading and repair. NME1 and NME2 have been shown to translocate to the nucleus, although they lack a canonical nuclear localization signal. Binding of NME1 and NME2 to DNA does not appear to be sequence-specific in a strict sense, but instead is directed to single-stranded regions and/or other non-B-form structures. NME1 and NME2 have been identified as potential canonical transcription factors that regulate gene transcription through their DNA-binding activities. Indeed, the NME1 and NME2 isoforms have been shown to regulate gene expression programs in a number of cellular settings, and this regulatory function has been proposed to underlie their well-recognized ability to suppress the metastatic phenotype of cancer cells. Moreover, NME1 and, more recently, NME3, have been implicated in repair of both single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA. This suggests that reduced expression of NME proteins could contribute to the genomic instability that drives cancer progression. Clearly, a better understanding of the nuclear functions of NME1 and possibly other NME isoforms could provide critical insights into mechanisms underlying malignant progression in cancer. Indeed, clinical data indicate that the subcellular localization of NME1 may be an important prognostic marker in some cancers. This review summarizes putative functions of nuclear NME proteins in DNA binding, transcription, and DNA damage repair, and highlights their possible roles in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma S Puts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kathryn Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nidhi V Pamidimukkala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Devin E Snyder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Kaetzel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bozdogan O, Vargel I, Cavusoglu T, Karabulut AA, Karahan G, Sayar N, Atasoy P, Yulug IG. Metastasis suppressor proteins in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:608-15. [PMID: 27215390 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) are common human carcinomas. Despite having metastasizing capacities, they usually show less aggressive progression compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of other organs. Metastasis suppressor proteins (MSPs) are a group of proteins that control and slow-down the metastatic process. In this study, we established the importance of seven well-defined MSPs including NDRG1, NM23-H1, RhoGDI2, E-cadherin, CD82/KAI1, MKK4, and AKAP12 in cSCCs. Protein expression levels of the selected MSPs were detected in 32 cSCCs, 6 in situ SCCs, and two skin cell lines (HaCaT, A-431) by immunohistochemistry. The results were evaluated semi-quantitatively using the HSCORE system. In addition, mRNA expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR in the cell lines. The HSCOREs of NM23-H1 were similar in cSCCs and normal skin tissues, while RGHOGDI2, E-cadherin and AKAP12 were significantly downregulated in cSCCs compared to normal skin. The levels of MKK4, NDRG1 and CD82 were partially conserved in cSCCs. In stage I SCCs, nuclear staining of NM23-H1 (NM23-H1nuc) was significantly lower than in stage II/III SCCs. Only nuclear staining of MKK4 (MKK4nuc) showed significantly higher scores in in situ carcinomas compared to invasive SCCs. In conclusion, similar to other human tumors, we have demonstrated complex differential expression patterns for the MSPs in in-situ and invasive cSCCs. This complex MSP signature warrants further biological and experimental pathway research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Bozdogan
- Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Vargel
- Hacettepe University, Medical Faculty, Department of Plastic Surgery, Science Institute, Department of Bioengineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse A Karabulut
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gurbet Karahan
- Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Sayar
- Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Atasoy
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Isik G Yulug
- Bilkent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Lionello M, Blandamura S, Lovato A, Franchella S, Giacomelli L, Ottaviano G, Stellini E, Staffieri A, Marioni G. A high nuclear nm23-H1 expression is associated with a better prognosis in elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2013; 133:874-80. [PMID: 23768014 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2013.777159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Nuclear nm23-H1 expression may be useful in identifying elderly patients operated for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) at higher risk of recurrence. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological role of nm23-H1 in elderly patients with LSCC and to determine how to restore nm23-H1 loss of expression/function. OBJECTIVES Nowadays more than 50% of cancer cases are elderly patients and this percentage is expected to be 70% by 2030. Despite advances in LSCC diagnosis and treatment, patient survival has not improved in the last two decades. Novel, effective strategies should rely also on receptor-mediated LSCC-targeted therapy. nm23-H1 protein is related to the tumor cells' metastatic potential, and low nm23-H1 expression in carcinomas often correlates with a poor prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to investigate the prognostic value of nm23-H1 expression and subcellular localization in a series of 54 elderly patients consecutively undergoing primary surgery for LSCC. RESULTS On univariate analysis, the disease recurrence rate correlated inversely with nuclear nm23-H1 expression (p = 0.014), and disease-free survival (DFS) was longer in patients whose nuclear nm23-H1 levels were ≥2.0% (p = 0.022). On multivariate analysis, nuclear nm23-H1 expression (hazard ratio (HR) 2.77, p = 0.022) and N stage (HR 3.49, p = 0.007) were prognostically significant in terms of DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Extracellular NM23 Protein as a Therapeutic Target for Hematologic Malignancies. Adv Hematol 2011; 2012:879368. [PMID: 21941554 PMCID: PMC3175692 DOI: 10.1155/2012/879368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated serum level of NM23-H1 protein is a poor prognostic factor in patients with various hematologic malignancies. The extracellular NM23-H1 protein promotes the in vitro growth and survival of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and inversely inhibits the in vitro survival of normal peripheral blood monocytes in primary culture at concentrations equivalent to the levels found in the serum of AML patients. The growth and survival promoting activity to AML cells is associated with cytokine production and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Inhibitors specific for MAPK signaling pathways inhibit the growth/survival-promoting activity of NM23-H1. These findings indicate a novel biological action of extracellular NM23-H1 and its association with poor prognosis. These results suggest an important role of extracellular NM23-H1 in the malignant progression of leukemia and a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies.
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Lapek JD, Tombline G, Friedman AE. Mass spectrometry detection of histidine phosphorylation on NM23-H1. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:751-5. [PMID: 21121676 DOI: 10.1021/pr100905m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification that is intimately involved in most aspects of cellular regulation. Currently, most proteomic analyses are performed with phosphorylation searches for serine, threonine, and tyrosine modifications, as the phosphorylated residues of histidine and aspartic acid are acid labile and thus undetectable with most proteomic methodologies. Here, we present a novel buffer system to show histidine phosphorylation of NM23-H1, the product of the first identified putative human metastasis suppressor gene (NME1), which catalyzes the transfer of the γ-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates. On the basis of a pH titration of LC elution buffers and MS/MS identification, recombinant NM23-H1 subjected to autophosphorylation was shown to contain phosphorylated histidine at residue 118 at pH 5 and 6, with each level giving over 75% peptide coverage for identification. The solvent system presented permits the detection of all five possible phosphorylation moieties. Application of histidine and aspartic acid phosphorylation modifications to proteomic analyses will significantly advance the understanding of phosphorylation relay signaling in cellular regulation, including elucidation of the role of NM23-H1 in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lapek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Kim SH, Lee SY, Park HR, Sung JM, Park AR, Kang S, Kim BG, Choi YP, Kim YB, Cho NH. Nuclear localization of Nm23-H1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with radiation resistance. Cancer 2010; 117:1864-73. [PMID: 21509763 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although radiation resistance is a primary issue in radiation therapy, attempts to find predictors of radiation resistance have met with little success. The authors therefore aimed to determine predictors for radiation resistance to improve the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS HNSCC cell lines, SCC15, SCC25, and QLL1, irradiated with an acute dose of 4 grays (Gy) (RR-4), a cumulative dose of 60 Gy (RR-60), and a booster dose of 4 Gy over 60 Gy (RR-60 + 4), were used with nonirradiated cell lines. Those were used in cDNA microarray, proteomics, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence, respectively. One hundred five HNSCC tissue samples with radiation resistance were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Western blot analysis of RR-60 cell lines was identical to the data of Nm23-H1 overexpression by cDNA array and proteomic screening. Immunofluorescence demonstrated significant nuclear translocation of Nm23-H1 in RR-4 and RR-60 cell lines, and less but still intense nuclear shuttling in RR-60 + 4. Similarly, Nm23-H1 nuclear localization was observed in 20% (21 of 105) of tissue samples. Univariate analysis demonstrated that Nm23-H1 nuclear localization was strongly associated with overall and recurrence-free survival. Multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that Nm23-H1 nuclear localization (odds ratio [OR], 7.48) and N stage (OR, 2.13) were associated with overall survival, and Nm23-H1 nuclear localization (OR, 3.02), T stage (OR, 1.43), and insufficient tumor margin (OR, 3.27) were associated with recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Nm23-H1, specifically its nuclear translocation, may be a powerful predictor of radiation resistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Heon Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhang B, Halder SK, Kashikar ND, Cho YJ, Datta A, Gorden DL, Datta PK. Antimetastatic role of Smad4 signaling in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:969-80.e1-3. [PMID: 19909744 PMCID: PMC2831103 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling occurs through Smads 2/3/4, which translocate to the nucleus to regulate transcription; TGF-beta has tumor-suppressive effects in some tumor models and pro-metastatic effects in others. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), mutations or reduced levels of Smad4 have been correlated with reduced survival. However, the function of Smad signaling and the effects of TGF-beta-receptor kinase inhibitors have not been analyzed during CRC metastasis. We investigated the role of TGF-beta/Smad signaling in CRC progression. METHODS We evaluated the role of TGF-beta/Smad signaling on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in Smad4-null colon carcinoma cell lines (MC38 and SW620) and in those that transgenically express Smad4. We also determined the effects of a TGF-beta-receptor kinase inhibitor (LY2109761) in CRC tumor progression and metastasis in mice. RESULTS TGF-beta induced migration/invasion, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of Smad4-null MC38 and SW620 cells; incubation with LY2109761 reversed these effects. In mice, LY2109761 blocked metastasis of CRC cells to liver, inducing cancer cell expression of E-cadherin and reducing the expression of the tumorigenic proteins matrix metalloproteinase-9, nm23, urokinase plasminogen activator, and cyclooxygenase-2. Transgenic expression of Smad4 significantly reduced the oncogenic potential of MC38 and SW620 cells; in these transgenic cells, TGF-beta had tumor suppressor, rather than tumorigenic, effects. CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta/Smad signaling suppresses progression and metastasis of CRC cells and tumors in mice. Loss of Smad4 might underlie the functional shift of TGF-beta from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter; inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling might be developed as CRC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pran K. Datta
- Corresponding author (P.K.D.), Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-3310C, MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, Phone: (615)-343-1280, Fax: (615)-343-1355,
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13
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Subcellular localization of Nm23/NDPK A and B isoforms: a reflection of their biological function? Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:63-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Buxton ILO. Inhibition of Nm23H2 gene product (NDPK-B) by angiostatin, polyphenols and nucleoside analogs. PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN PHARMACOLOGY SOCIETY 2008; 51:30-34. [PMID: 19544670 PMCID: PMC2702708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435s) secrete a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK-B) as a phosphoprotein capable of converting diphosphate nucleosides to triphosphate nucleotides for one round in the absence of a phosphoryl donor. Incubation of the partially purified NDPK-B (Nm23-H2 by Western blot) from [gamma32P]Pi-labeled cells with non-radioactive ADP results in the formation of [gamma32P]ATP (Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 44: 61-63, 2001). The presence of a secreted protein that can maintain ATP levels in the vicinity of capillary and lymph vessels may support cancer metastasis in several ways based on the known actions of ATP at P2Y receptors: facilitate intravasation of breast cancer cells that migrate from a solid tumor, support their extravasation at a distal site, and stimulate angiogenesis. The putative role of angiostatin (AS) as an ATP-synthase inhibitor led us to test the notion that AS blocks NDPK-B activity. Addition of commercial AS (kringles 1-4) did not alter enzyme activity. However, AS produced by us and never lyophilized, blocked NDPK activity in a dose-dependent fashion consistent with the notion that extracellular ATP generation by tumor cells may be important to the development of metastases. The ability of 0.5 mg/ml angiostatin to block NDPK-B activity to approximately 75% of control activity compared poorly with the polyphenol inhibitors of. The catechin gallates, theaflavins and ellagic acid inhibited NDPK-B completely with the rank order of potency: EA > theaflavins > EGCG > ECG > PAPS. Our results suggest that the biological activity of angiostatin as a putative metastasis inhibitor may be in part the result of nm23 inhibition and that the production, lyophilization, packaging or storage of commercial angiostatin leads to the alteration of its biological activity against NDPK-B. Ellagic acid is a potent (IC50 = 10.5 microM) NDPK-B inhibitor that may prove useful in elucidating the role of cancer-cell secreted NDPK-B in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain L O Buxton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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