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de Souza VK, Schott D, Wagner PGC, Pavarini SP, Alievi MM, Valle SF, Soares JF. Emergence of Mansonella sp. in free-ranging primates in southern Brazil. Primates 2023; 64:153-159. [PMID: 36509890 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-01038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mansonellosis is a neglected and emerging tropical disease. Among all zoonotic filarial diseases, it is probably the most prevalent and least studied, with approximately 114 million people infected. The parasites of Mansonella spp. are among the most common blood parasitemias and are widely found in Africa and Latin America. Through molecular analysis of blood samples from free-ranging primates Sapajus nigritus (n 33) and Alouatta guariba clamitans (n 5) in the southern states of Brazil (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), we identified samples positive for Mansonella perstans in two specimens of A. guariba clamitans. A fragment of 578 bp from the ITS intergenic region (5.8S-ITS2-28S) was targeted for an initial PCR screening. Subsequently, positive samples were subjected to other PCR assays targeting a fragment of the 12S and the 18S genes. This is the first record of molecular detection of the agent in this host in the Pampa Biome. With a wide distribution across Brazil and Argentina, these primates may represent a potential wild reservoir for the zoonotic agent of mansonellosis. Entomological and transmission studies are essential to avoid the urbanization of mansonellosis and to understand the cycles of agents in different environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Kelin de Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (Protozoovet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Schott
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Meller Alievi
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Núcleo de Conservação e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (Preservas), UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Stella Faria Valle
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias (LACVET), Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - João Fábio Soares
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Laboratório de Protozoologia e Rickettsioses Vetoriais (Protozoovet), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
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Abrahim CMM, Py-Daniel V, Luz SLB, Fraiji NA, Stefani MMA. Detection of Mansonella ozzardi
among blood donors from highly endemic interior cities of Amazonas state, northern Brazil. Transfusion 2018; 59:1044-1051. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. M. Abrahim
- HEMOAM, Departamento de Pesquisa; Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brasil
| | - Victor Py-Daniel
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Brasilia Brasil
| | - Sergio L. B. Luz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane; Manaus Brasil
| | - Nelson A. Fraiji
- HEMOAM, Departamento de Pesquisa; Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brasil
| | - Mariane M. A. Stefani
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia; Patologia Geral e Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, IPTSP, Universidade Federal de Goiás UFG; Goiânia Brasil
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Mansonella ozzardi and its vectors in the New World: an update with emphasis on the current situation in Haiti. J Helminthol 2017; 92:655-661. [PMID: 29067894 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is a little studied filarial nematode. This human parasite, transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and blackflies (genus Simulium), is endemic to the Neotropical regions of the New World. With a patchy geographical distribution from southern Mexico to north-western Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. Studies conducted in Haiti between 1974 and 1984 allowed the first complete description of the adult worm and permitted clarification of the taxonomic position of this filarial species. This paper reports the known geographical distribution of M. ozzardi in Neotropical regions of the Americas, and focuses on the current situation in Haiti where this filariasis remains a completely neglected public health problem.
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Lima NF, Veggiani Aybar CA, Dantur Juri MJ, Ferreira MU. Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 110:97-107. [PMID: 27376501 PMCID: PMC4984955 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1190544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by Patrick Manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium). With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. There is no clinical entity unequivocally associated with M. ozzardi infection, although fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally mentioned in case report series. More recently, ocular manifestations (especially keratitis) have been associated with mansonelliasis, opening an important area of investigation. Here, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection and point to some existing knowledge gaps, aiming to stimulate a research agenda to help filling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália F. Lima
- Department de Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department de Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Drame PM, Montavon C, Pion SD, Kubofcik J, Fay MP, Nutman TB. Molecular Epidemiology of Blood-Borne Human Parasites in a Loa loa-, Mansonella perstans-, and Plasmodium falciparum-Endemic Region of Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1301-1308. [PMID: 27044568 PMCID: PMC4889748 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the interactions among parasites within their hosts is crucial to the understanding of epidemiology of disease and for the design of effective control strategies. We have conducted an assessment of infections with Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Plasmodium falciparum in eastern Cameroon using a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay using archived dried whole blood spots. The resident population (N = 1,085) was parasitized with M. perstans (76%), L. loa (39%), and P. falciparum (33%), but not with W. bancrofti Compared with single infections (40.1%), coinfection was more common (48.8%): 21.0% had L. loa-M. perstans (Ll(+)/Mp(+)/Pf(-)), 2.7% had L. loa-P. falciparum (Ll(+)/Pf(+)/Mp(-)), 15.1% had M. perstans-P. falciparum (Mp(+)/Pf(+)/Ll(-)), and 10.0% had L. loa-M. perstans-P. falciparum (Ll(+)/Mp(+)/Pf(+)). Interestingly, those with all three infections (Ll(+)/Mp(+)/Pf(+)) had significantly higher L. loa microfilaria (mf) counts than either single Ll(+) (P = 0.004) or double Ll(+)/Mp(+) (P = 0.024) infected individuals. Of those infected with L. loa, the mean estimated counts of L. loa mf varied based on location and were positively correlated with estimated intensities of M. perstans mf. Finally, at a community level, heavy L. loa infections were concentrated in a few individuals whereby they were likely the major reservoir for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papa M. Drame
- *Address correspondence to Papa M. Drame, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail:
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Veggiani Aybar CA, Dantur Juri MJ, Zaidenberg MO. Mansonella ozzardi in Neotropical region of Argentina: Prevalence through time (1986-2010). Acta Trop 2016; 153:1-6. [PMID: 26433075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human filariasis caused by Mansonella ozzardi is a parasitic infection of a controversial pathology and poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this study was not only to obtain data of the prevalence of M. ozzardi in Northwestern Argentina through comparison of infection rates in relation to sex and age group determining the range of distribution of mansonelliasis in the region but also to investigate the prevalence of the cases over time. Through field work carried between 1986 and 2010 by technicians of the National Ministry of Health, aiming to detect active cases of malaria in the Northwestern Argentina, blood samples were taken for smear and thick blood. 417 blood samples were examined, 381 of them (91.4%) were positive for M. ozzardi. The highest prevalence was found in Salta province (92.3%) mainly affecting the male sex (92.6%) and the age groups comprised between 48-57 years (97.0%) and ≥ 68 (90.7%). The paired t-test and Spearman coefficients showed significant differences in prevalence according to sex (t=2.677; p=0.015), and according infection rates in males and females/age (r=0.994; p=0.001; r=0.994, p=0.001, respectively). The prevalence over time showed a general pattern with the highest cases in 1986, decreasing later during the following years. Aguas Blancas, El Oculto and San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, exhibited a pattern of prevalence according to the general trend but Salvador Mazza and Tartagal, which are also localities close to the border with Bolivia, showed peaks of cases up to 2010. These results provide relevant information about M. ozzardi in Argentina, demonstrating not only its presence and endemicity after almost 100 years from its discovery in the country, but also its wide range of distribution in the region.
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Medeiros JF, Almeida TAP, Silva LBT, Rubio JM, Crainey JL, Pessoa FAC, Luz SLB. A field trial of a PCR-based Mansonella ozzardi diagnosis assay detects high-levels of submicroscopic M. ozzardi infections in both venous blood samples and FTA card dried blood spots. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:280. [PMID: 25990611 PMCID: PMC4472411 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mansonella ozzardi is a poorly understood human filarial parasite with a broad distribution throughout Latin America. Most of what is known about its parasitism has come from epidemiological studies that have estimated parasite incidence using light microscopy. Light microscopy can, however, miss lighter, submicroscopic, infections. In this study we have compared M. ozzardi incidence estimates made using light microscopy, with estimates made using PCR. Methods 214 DNA extracts made from Large Volume Venous Blood Samples (LVVBS) were taken from volunteers from two study sites in the Rio Solimões region: Codajás [n = 109] and Tefé [n = 105] and were subsequently assayed for M. ozzardi parasitism using a diagnostic PCR (Mo-dPCR). Peripheral finger-prick blood samples were taken from the same individuals and used for microscopic examination. Finger-prick blood, taken from individuals from Tefé, was also used for the creation of FTA®card dried blood spots (DBS) that were subsequently subjected to Mo-dPCR. Results Overall M. ozzardi incidence estimates made with LVVBS PCRs were 1.8 times higher than those made using microscopy (44.9 % [96/214] compared with 24.3 % [52/214]) and 1.5 times higher than the PCR estimates made from FTA®card DBS (48/105 versus 31/105). PCR-based detection of FTA®card DBS proved 1.3 times more sensitive at diagnosing infections from peripheral blood samples than light microscopy did: detecting 24/105 compared with 31/105. PCR of LVVBS reported the fewest number of false negatives, detecting: 44 of 52 (84.6 %) individuals diagnosed by microscopy; 27 of 31 (87.1 %) of those diagnosed positive from DBSs and 17 out of 18 (94.4 %) of those diagnosed as positive by both alternative methodologies. Conclusions In this study, Mo-dPCR of LVVBS was by far the most sensitive method of detecting M. ozzardi infections and detected submicroscopic infections. Mo-dPCR FTA®card DBS also provided a more sensitive test for M. ozzardi diagnosis than light microscopy based diagnosis did and thus in settings where only finger-prick assays can be carried-out, it may be a more reliable method of detection. Most existing M. ozzardi incidence estimates, which are often based on light microscope diagnosis, are likely to dramatically underestimate true M. ozzardi parasitism incidence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Amaral Pires Almeida
- Research Programme on Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon (RP-IDEA), Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Lucyane Bastos Tavares Silva
- Research Programme on Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon (RP-IDEA), Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Health and Endemic Diseases in the Amazon, Multi Institutional Graduate Program, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Jose Miguel Rubio
- Malaria & Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Parasitology Department, National Centre of Microbiology. Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - James Lee Crainey
- Research Programme on Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon (RP-IDEA), Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Research Programme on Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon (RP-IDEA), Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Research Programme on Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon (RP-IDEA), Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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