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Trinh TTT, Kim YA, Hong H, Le LTT, Jang H, Kim SA, Park H, Kim HS, Yeo SJ. In Vitro Evaluation of Two Novel Antimalarial Derivatives of SKM13: SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 60:401-407. [PMID: 36588416 PMCID: PMC9806497 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.6.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial drugs play an important role in the control and treatment of malaria, a deadly disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. The development of novel antimalarial agents effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites is urgently needed. The novel derivatives, SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F, were designed based on an SKM13 template by replacing the phenyl group with electron-donating (-OMe) or electron-withdrawing groups (-F), respectively, to reverse the electron density. A colorimetric assay was used to quantify cytotoxicity, and in vitro inhibition assays were performed on 3 different blood stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizonts) of P. falciparum 3D7 and the ring/mixed stage of D6 strain after synchronization. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that 2 new SKM13 derivatives reduced the cytotoxicity of the SKM13 template. SKM13 maintained the IC50 at the ring and trophozoite stages but not at the schizont stage. The IC50 values for both the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum 3D7 and ring/mixed stages of D6 demonstrated that 2 SKM13 derivatives had decreased antimalarial efficacy, particularly for the SKM13-F derivative. SKM13 may be comparably effective in ring and trophozoite, and electron-donating groups (-OMe) may be better maintain the antimalarial activity than electron-withdrawing groups (-F) in SKM13 modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Young-ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538,
Korea
| | - Hyelee Hong
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Linh Thi Thuy Le
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Hayoung Jang
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Soon-Ai Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538,
Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538,
Korea
| | - Hak Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538,
Korea,Corresponding authors (; )
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Medical Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea,Corresponding authors (; )
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Sanasam BD, Kumar S. In-silico structural modeling and epitope prediction of highly conserved Plasmodium falciparum protein AMR1. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:131-139. [PMID: 31648168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly and a major health issue worldwide. In spite of several control programs, there hasn't been much improvement in keeping the disease under control. The appearance of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium in addition to insecticide resistance of the Anopheles vector has been a hurdle. Therefore, it is highly desirable to identify new potential candidates that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. The present study identifies AMR1, a highly conserved essential protein of Plasmodium falciparum, as a potential candidate for vaccine development. AMR1 is an exposed surface protein with high antigenic property and conservancy among other species of the parasite. Reverse vaccinology approach (RV) is adopted to determine the best epitopes of AMR1 protein. The protein was further evaluated for several important physiochemical parameters. The study revealed the 3D structure of AMR1, as well as the best B cell and helper T-cell epitopes of the protein. These resulted epitopes might be of great importance in the development of an effective vaccine to combat the deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijara Devi Sanasam
- Department of Life science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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