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Huang J, Jiang H, Wang H, Xue Q, Hu M, Li Y. Aucubin produces anti-osteoporotic effects under mechanical stretch stress and orthodontic tooth movement. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110955. [PMID: 38492842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Aucubin (AU), an iridoid glycoside extracted from Eucommia ulmoides, exerts anti-osteoporotic effects by promoting osteogenesis, as reported in previous studies. Here, we investigated the effects of AU under mechanical stretch stress. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and subjected to mechanical stretch stress to establish an osteoporotic orthodontic force cell model. AU treatment increased the mRNA and protein expressions of BMP2, OPN, RUNX2, COL-1 and other osteogenic differentiation factors in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, we established an in vivo orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model of osteoporosis. Serum parameter detection of ALP concentration, radiography of the femur, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and micro-CT of the maxilla confirmed that AU could partially reverse the damage induced by DEX. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that AU increased the expression of COL-1, OCN, and OPN on the tension side of the periodontium. In conclusion, AU treatment promotes osteogenic differentiation under mechanical stretch stress and positively affects bone remodeling during OTM in DEX-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Lipreri MV, Baldini N, Graziani G, Avnet S. Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760667. [PMID: 35047495 PMCID: PMC8762164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, the population experiences progressive ageing. Ageing, in turn, is connected to an increase in bone-related diseases (i.e., osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures). Hence, the search for new approaches to study the occurrence of bone-related diseases and to develop new drugs for their prevention and treatment becomes more pressing. However, to date, a reliable in vitro model that can fully recapitulate the characteristics of bone tissue, either in physiological or altered conditions, is not available. Indeed, current methods for modelling normal and pathological bone are poor predictors of treatment outcomes in humans, as they fail to mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment and tissue complexity. Bone, in fact, is a dynamic network including differently specialized cells and the extracellular matrix, constantly subjected to external and internal stimuli. To this regard, perfused vascularized models are a novel field of investigation that can offer a new technological approach to overcome the limitations of traditional cell culture methods. It allows the combination of perfusion, mechanical and biochemical stimuli, biological cues, biomaterials (mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone), and multiple cell types. This review will discuss macro, milli, and microscale perfused devices designed to model bone structure and microenvironment, focusing on the role of perfusion and encompassing different degrees of complexity. These devices are a very first, though promising, step for the development of 3D in vitro platforms for preclinical screening of novel anabolic or anti-catabolic therapeutic approaches to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Laboratory for NanoBiotechnology (NaBi), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Zamarioli A, Adam G, Maupin KA, Childress PJ, Brinker A, Ximenez JPB, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Kacena MA. Systemic effects of BMP2 treatment of fractures on non-injured skeletal sites during spaceflight. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:910901. [PMID: 36046782 PMCID: PMC9421301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.910901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unloading associated with spaceflight results in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to enhance bone formation, in part, through molecular pathways associated with mechanical loading; however, the effects of BMP2 during spaceflight remain unclear. Here, we investigated the systemic effects of BMP2 on mice sustaining a femoral fracture followed by housing in spaceflight (International Space Station or ISS) or on Earth. We hypothesized that in spaceflight, the systemic effects of BMP2 on weight-bearing bones would be blunted compared to that observed on Earth. Nine-week-old male mice were divided into four groups: 1) Saline+Earth; 2) BMP+Earth; 3) Saline+ISS; and 4) BMP+ISS (n = 10 mice/group, but only n = 5 mice/group were reserved for micro-computed tomography analyses). All mice underwent femoral defect surgery and were followed for approximately 4 weeks. We found a significant reduction in trabecular separation within the lumbar vertebrae after administering BMP2 at the fracture site of mice housed on Earth. In contrast, BMP2 treatment led to a significant increase in trabecular separation concomitant with a reduction in trabecular number within spaceflown tibiae. Although these and other lines of evidence support our hypothesis, the small sample size associated with rodent spaceflight studies limits interpretations. That said, it appears that a locally applied single dose of BMP2 at the femoral fracture site can have a systemic impact on distant bones, affecting bone quantity in several skeletal sites. Moreover, our results suggest that BMP2 treatment works through a pathway involving mechanical loading in which the best outcomes during its treatment on Earth occurred in the weight-bearing bones and in spaceflight occurred in bones subjected to higher muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Zamarioli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Anaesthesiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gremah Adam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kevin A. Maupin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paul J. Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joao P. B. Ximenez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Melissa A. Kacena,
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4
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Yang Q, Liu H, Wang L, Wei B, Wu Q, Xu Q, Tang Q, Qi J, Li J, Wang J, Hu J, Li L. Untargeted metabolomics study on the effects of rearing ducks in cages on bone quality. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101604. [PMID: 34936950 PMCID: PMC8703082 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cage rearing model of the modern poultry industry makes the bones of birds more vulnerable to deterioration. In this study, at 8 wk of age, a total of 60 birds were randomly allocated to 2 groups, including the floor rearing group (FRD) and cage rearing group (CRD), and their body weight was measured every 2 wk. At the age of 20 wk, the tibia, femur, and humerus were collected from each group (n = 12) to determine the bone quality parameters such as weight, size, bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, cortical thickness, and area, ash content, calcium (Ca) content, and phosphorus (P) content. Meanwhile, the serum metabolome composition of both groups was detected by untargeted metabolome technology. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, bone weight, and size between the 2 groups (P > 0.05), but the humerus mineral density and the breaking strength, cortical bone thickness, cortical bone area percentage of tibia, femur, and humerus of CRD was significantly lower than those of FRD (P < 0.05), indicating that the cage rearing system caused the deterioration of bone quality. Based on nontarget metabolomics, 49 metabolites were correlated with bone quality parameters, and 10 key metabolites were strongly correlated, including erucic acid, citric acid, and ketoleucine. In addition, the KEGG analysis showed that the caged system mainly perturbed amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism, which led to changes in related metabolite levels, produced ROS, and altering energy supply, thus leading to a deterioration of bone quality of cage rearing ducks. Therefore, our findings were helpful to further understand the potential mechanism of the deterioration of duck bone quality in cage rearing system, provided a theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of poultry osteoporosis, and ensuring the healthy development of poultry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qifan Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 613000, China.
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5
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Novel therapies for damaged and diseased bone are being developed in a preclinical testing process consisting of in vitro cell experiments followed by in vivo animal studies. The in vitro results are often not representative of the results observed in vivo. This could be caused by the complexity of the natural bone environment that is missing in vitro. Ex vivo bone explant cultures provide a model in which cells are preserved in their native three-dimensional environment. Herein, it is aimed to review the current status of bone explant culture models in relation to their potential in complementing the preclinical evaluation process with specific attention paid to the incorporation of mechanical loading within ex vivo culture systems. RECENT FINDINGS Bone explant cultures are often performed with physiologically less relevant bone, immature bone, and explants derived from rodents, which complicates translatability into clinical practice. Mature bone explants encounter difficulties with maintaining viability, especially in static culture. The integration of mechanical stimuli was able to extend the lifespan of explants and to induce new bone formation. Bone explant cultures provide unique platforms for bone research and mechanical loading was demonstrated to be an important component in achieving osteogenesis ex vivo. However, more research is needed to establish a representative, reliable, and reproducible bone explant culture system that includes both components of bone remodeling, i.e., formation and resorption, in order to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo research in preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E A Cramer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - K Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - S Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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6
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Hadida M, Marchat D. Strategy for achieving standardized bone models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:251-271. [PMID: 31531968 PMCID: PMC6915912 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ-on-chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three-dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael Hadida
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Marchat
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
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7
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Katarivas Levy G, Birch MA, Brooks RA, Neelakantan S, Markaki AE. Stimulation of Human Osteoblast Differentiation in Magneto-Mechanically Actuated Ferromagnetic Fiber Networks. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1522. [PMID: 31546701 PMCID: PMC6833056 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently an interest in "active" implantable biomedical devices that include mechanical stimulation as an integral part of their design. This paper reports the experimental use of a porous scaffold made of interconnected networks of slender ferromagnetic fibers that can be actuated in vivo by an external magnetic field applying strains to in-growing cells. Such scaffolds have been previously characterized in terms of their mechanical and cellular responses. In this study, it is shown that the shape changes induced in the scaffolds can be used to promote osteogenesis in vitro. In particular, immunofluorescence, gene and protein analyses reveal that the actuated networks exhibit higher mineralization and extracellular matrix production, and express higher levels of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1α1, runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 than the static controls at the 3-week time point. The results suggest that the cells filling the inter-fiber spaces are able to sense and react to the magneto-mechanically induced strains facilitating osteogenic differentiation and maturation. This work provides evidence in support of using this approach to stimulate bone ingrowth around a device implanted in bone and can pave the way for further applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Katarivas Levy
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
| | - Mark A Birch
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
| | - Suresh Neelakantan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Athina E Markaki
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
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8
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Filho GC, de Sousa A, Viana R, Rocha H, de Medeiros SB, Moreira S. Osteogenic activity of non-genotoxic sulfated polysaccharides from the green seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Schwarz C, Ott CE, Wulsten D, Brauer E, Schreivogel S, Petersen A, Hassanein K, Roewer L, Schmidt T, Willie BM, Duda GN. The Interaction of BMP2-Induced Defect Healing in Rat and Fixator Stiffness Modulates Matrix Alignment and Contraction. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:174-186. [PMID: 30283901 PMCID: PMC6124159 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful fracture healing requires a tight interplay between mechanical and biological cues. In vitro studies illustrated that mechanical loading modulates bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. However, in the early phases of large bone defect regeneration in vivo, the underlying mechanisms leading to this mechanosensation remained unknown. We investigated the interaction of BMP2 stimulation and mechanical boundary conditions in a rat critical‐sized femoral defect model (5 mm) stabilized with three distinctly different external fixator stiffness. Defects were treated with 5 μg rhBMP2 loaded on an absorbable collagen sponge. Early matrix alignment was monitored by second‐harmonic generation imaging. Bony bridging of defects and successive healing was monitored by histology at day 7 and day 14 as well as in vivo microCT at days 10, 21, and 42 post‐operation. Femora harvested at day 42 were characterized mechanically assessing torsional load to failure ex vivo. At tissue level, differences between groups were visible at day 14 with manifest bone formation in the microCT. Histologically, we observed prolonged chondrogenesis upon flexible fixation, whereas osteogenesis started earlier after rigid and semirigid fixation. At later time points, there was a boost of bone tissue formation upon flexible fixation, whereas other groups already displayed signs of tissue maturation. Based on gene expression profiling, we analyzed the mechanobiological interplay. Already at day 3, these analyses revealed differences in expression pattern, specifically of genes involved in extracellular matrix formation. Gene regulation correlating with fixator stiffness was pronounced at day 7 comprising genes related to immunological processes and cellular contraction. The influence of loading on matrix contraction was further investigated and confirmed in a 3D bioreactor. Taken together, we demonstrate an early onset of mechanical conditions influencing BMP2‐induced defect healing and shed light on gene regulatory networks associated with extracellular matrix organization and contraction that seemed to directly impact healing outcomes. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schwarz
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany.,Research Group Development and Disease Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Sophie Schreivogel
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Kerstin Hassanein
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Linda Roewer
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Center Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada Department of Pediatric Surgery McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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10
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Is there an optimal initial amount of activation for midpalatal suture expansion? : A histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in a rabbit model. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79:169-179. [PMID: 29644389 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-018-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated bone-borne expansion protocols on sutural separation and sutural bone formation were evaluated via histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry to determine the optimal initial activation without disruption of bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Modified Hyrax expanders were placed across the midsagittal sutures and secured with miniscrew implants with the following activations: group 1 (control), 0.5 mm expansion/day for 12 days; group 2, 1 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 10 days; group 3, 2.5 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 7 days; and group 4, 4 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 4 days. After 6 weeks, sutural expansion and new bone formation were evaluated histomorphometrically. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho correlation (p < 0.05). RESULTS The smallest median sutural separation was observed in group 1 (3.05 mm) and the greatest in group 4 (4.57 mm). The lowest and highest amount of bone formation were observed in group 4 (55.82%) and in group 3 (66.93%), respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant differences in median levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin expression between all experimental groups. The highest level of these proteins was attained in group 3, followed by groups 2, 1, and 4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sutural appositional bone formation corresponded with the amount of initial expansion to a point. When initial expansion was increased to 4 mm, sutural bone remodeling was disturbed and new bone formation was decreased. The most effective sutural expansion was achieved with 2.5 mm initial activation followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 7 days.
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11
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Ravichandran A, Liu Y, Teoh SH. Review: bioreactor design towards generation of relevant engineered tissues: focus on clinical translation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e7-e22. [PMID: 28374578 DOI: 10.1002/term.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, studies that utilize 3D scaffolds for generating voluminous tissues are mostly confined in the realm of in vitro research and preclinical animal model testing. Bioreactors offer an excellent platform to grow and develop 3D tissues by providing conditions that mimic their native microenvironment. Aligning the bioreactor development process with a focus on patient care will aid in the faster translation of the bioreactor technology to clinics. In this review, we discuss the various factors involved in the design of clinically relevant bioreactors in relation to their respective applications. We explore the functional relevance of tissue grafts generated by bioreactors that have been designed to provide physiologically relevant mechanical cues on the growing tissue. The review discusses the recent trends in non-invasive sensing of the bioreactor culture conditions. It provides an insight to the current technological advancements that enable in situ, non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the tissue grafts grown in a bioreactor system. We summarize the emerging trends in commercial bioreactor design followed by a short discussion on the aspects that hamper the 'push' of bioreactor systems into the commercial market as well as 'pull' factors for stakeholders to embrace and adopt widespread utility of bioreactors in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program (Research), National Dental Centre of Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave Singapore, 168938, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Ravichandran A, Lim J, Chong MSK, Wen F, Liu Y, Pillay YT, Chan JKY, Teoh SH. In vitro cyclic compressive loads potentiate early osteogenic events in engineered bone tissue. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2366-2375. [PMID: 27527120 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Application of dynamic mechanical loads on bone and bone explants has been reported to enhance osteogenesis and mineralization. To date, published studies have incorporated a range of cyclic strains on 3D scaffolds and platforms to demonstrate the effect of mechanical loading on osteogenesis. However, most of the loading parameters used in these studies do not emulate the in vivo loading conditions. In addition, the scaffolds/platforms are not representative of the native osteoinductive environment of bone tissue and hence may not be entirely accurate to study the in vivo mechanical loading. We hypothesized that biomimicry of physiological loading will potentiate accelerated osteogenesis in bone grafts. In this study, we present a compression bioreactor system that applies cyclic compression to cellular grafts in a controlled manner. Polycaprolactone-β Tricalcium Phosphate (PCL-TCP) scaffolds seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) were cyclically compressed in bioreactor for a period of 4 weeks at 1 Hz and physiological strain value of 0.22% for 4 h per day. Gene expression studies revealed increased expressions of osteogenesis-related genes (Osteonectin and COL1A1) on day 7 of cyclic loading group relative to its static controls. Cyclic compression resulted in a 3.76-fold increase in the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) on day 14 when compared to its static group (p < 0.001). In addition, calcium deposition of cyclic loading group was found to attain saturation on day 14 (1.96 fold higher than its static scaffolds). The results suggested that cyclic, physiological compression of stem cell-seeded scaffolds generated highly mineralized bone grafts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2366-2375, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Jing Lim
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Mark Seow Khoon Chong
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program (Research), National Dental Centre of Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
| | - Yaesshna T Pillay
- Department of Medicine and Medical Science, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- Centre for Bone Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Marino S, Staines KA, Brown G, Howard-Jones RA, Adamczyk M. Models of ex vivo explant cultures: applications in bone research. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:818. [PMID: 27408711 PMCID: PMC4926536 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo explant culture models are powerful tools in bone research. They allow investigation of bone and cartilage responses to specific stimuli in a controlled manner that closely mimics the in vivo processes. Because of limitations in obtaining healthy human bone samples the explant growth of animal tissue serves as a platform to study the complex physico-chemical properties of the bone. Moreover, these models enable preserving important cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in order to better understand the behaviour of cells in their natural three-dimensional environment. Thus, the use of bone ex vivo explant cultures can frequently be of more physiological relevance than the use of two-dimensional primary cells grown in vitro. Here, we describe isolation and ex vivo growth of different animal bone explant models including metatarsals, femoral heads, calvaria, mandibular slices and trabecular cores. We also describe how these explants are utilised to study bone development, cartilage and bone metabolism, cancer-induced bone diseases, stem cell-driven bone repair and mechanoadaptation. These techniques can be directly used to understand mechanisms linked with bone physiology or bone-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Genevieve Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Anne Howard-Jones
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Magdalena Adamczyk
- Academic Unit of Bone Biology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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14
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Brown GN, Sattler RL, Guo XE. Experimental studies of bone mechanoadaptation: bridging in vitro and in vivo studies with multiscale systems. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20150071. [PMID: 26855756 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in technology and science over the last century, the mechanisms underlying Wolff's law-bone structure adaptation in response to physical stimuli-remain poorly understood, limiting the ability to effectively treat and prevent skeletal diseases. A challenge to overcome in the study of the underlying mechanisms of this principle is the multiscale nature of mechanoadaptation. While there exist in silico systems that are capable of studying across these scales, experimental studies are typically limited to interpretation at a single dimension or time point. For instance, studies of single-cell responses to defined physical stimuli offer only a limited prediction of the whole bone response, while overlapping pathways or compensatory mechanisms complicate the ability to isolate critical targets in a whole animal model. Thus, there exists a need to develop experimental systems capable of bridging traditional experimental approaches and informing existing multiscale theoretical models. The purpose of this article is to review the process of mechanoadaptation and inherent challenges in studying its underlying mechanisms, discuss the limitations of traditional experimental systems in capturing the many facets of this process and highlight three multiscale experimental systems which bridge traditional approaches and cover relatively understudied time and length scales in bone adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve N Brown
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Rachel L Sattler
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - X Edward Guo
- Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York, NY 10027 , USA
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Wang CH, Guo ZS, Pang F, Zhang LY, Yan M, Yan JH, Li KW, Li XJ, Li Y, Bi L, Han YS. Effects of graphene modification on the bioactivation of polyethylene-terephthalate-based artificial ligaments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15263-15276. [PMID: 26111253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether surface coating with graphene could enhance the surface bioactivation of PET-based artificial ligaments to accelerate graft-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In an in vitro study, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and their differentiation on the scaffolds were quantified via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. The significantly higher optical-density values and transcription levels of osteoblast-specific genes indicated that graphene modification could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and accelerate their specific differentiation into osteogenic lineages on scaffolds. In an in vivo test, rabbits were used to establish an extra-articular graft-to-bone healing model. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, biomechanical tests, microcomputed tomography analysis, and histological observations were performed. The final results demonstrated that the microstructural parameters, the average mineral apposition rate of the bone, and the biomechanical properties of the graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based artificial ligament (G-PET-AL) group were significantly higher than those of the PET-AL graft group (P < 0.05). The results of Van Gieson staining indicated that in the G-PET-AL group, there was more newly formed bone than there was in the group in which nongraphene-coated PET-ALs were used. In conclusion, graphene exhibits considerable potential for enhancing the surface bioactivation of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Wang
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhong-Shang Guo
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fei Pang
- ‡Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhang
- ‡Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ming Yan
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yan
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ke-Wen Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yong Li
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Long Bi
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yi-Sheng Han
- †Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 West Change Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Regmi P, Deland TS, Steibel JP, Robison CI, Haut RC, Orth MW, Karcher DM. Effect of rearing environment on bone growth of pullets. Poult Sci 2015; 94:502-11. [PMID: 25638471 PMCID: PMC4990893 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative housing systems for laying hens provide mechanical loading and help reduce bone loss. Moreover, achieving greater peak bone mass during pullet phase can be crucial to prevent fractures in the production period. The aim of this study was to determine the housing system effects on bone quality of pullets. Tibiae and humeri of White Leghorn pullets reared in conventional cages (CCs) and a cage-free aviary (AV) system were studied. At 16 wk, 120 birds at random from each housing system were euthanized. Right and left tibiae and humeri were collected and further analyzed. Cortical bone density and thickness were measured using computed tomography. Periosteal and endosteal dimensions were measured at the fracture site during mechanical testing. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk, serum concentrations of osteocalcin and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline were analyzed as markers of bone formation and resorption. Cortical bone density was higher (P<0.05) in humeri of AV pullets, and tibiae were denser (P<0.05) for AV pullets in the distal section of the bone compared to CC pullets. Ash content was higher (P<0.05) in AV humeri with no difference in tibiae ash content. Tibiae and humeri of AV pullets had a thicker cortex than the CC pullets (P<0.05). Additionally, the tibiae and humeri of AV pullets had greater (P<0.05) second moment of areas than the CC pullets. While some bone material properties between groups were different (P<0.05), the differences were so small (<7%) that they likely have no clinical significance. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were not different between the treatments, but hydroxylsyl pyridinoline concentrations were higher in CC pullets at 12 wk compared to the AV pullets and the effect reversed at 16 wk (P<0.05). These findings indicate that tibiae and humeri respond differently to load bearing activities during growth. The improved load bearing capability and stiffness in bones of AV pullets were related to increased cross-sectional geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Regmi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - T S Deland
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - J P Steibel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - C I Robison
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - R C Haut
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - M W Orth
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - D M Karcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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