1
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Kirschen GW, Hessami K, AlAshqar A, Afrin S, Lulseged B, Borahay M. Uterine Transcriptome: Understanding Physiology and Disease Processes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:634. [PMID: 37106834 PMCID: PMC10136129 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, transcriptomics has enabled us to gain a deeper understanding of fundamental reproductive physiology, including the menstrual cycle, through a more precise molecular analysis. The endometrial mRNA transcript levels fluctuate during the normal menstrual cycle, indicating changes in the relative recruitment and abundance of inflammatory cells, as well as changes in the receptivity and remodeling of the endometrium. In addition to providing a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of pathological gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, leiomyomas, and adenomyosis through RNA sequencing, this has allowed researchers to create transcriptome profiles during both normal menstrual cycles and pathological gynecological conditions. Such insights could potentially lead to more targeted and personalized therapies for benign gynecological conditions. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in transcriptome analysis of normal and pathological endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Maternal Fetal Care Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abdelrahman AlAshqar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Borahay
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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2
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Ruiz-Alonso M, Valbuena D, Gomez C, Cuzzi J, Simon C. Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA): data versus opinions. Hum Reprod Open 2021; 2021:hoab011. [PMID: 33880420 PMCID: PMC8045472 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarises and contextualises the accumulated basic and clinical data on the ERA test and addresses specific comments and opinions presented by the opponent as part of an invited debate. Progress in medicine depends on new technologies and concepts that translate to practice to solve long-standing problems. In a key example, combining RNA sequencing data (transcriptomics) with artificial intelligence (AI) led to a clinical revolution in personalising disease diagnosis and fostered the concept of precision medicine. The reproductive field is no exception. Translation of endometrial transcriptomics to the clinic yielded an objective definition of the limited time period during which the maternal endometrium is receptive to an embryo, known as the window of implantation (WOI). The WOI is induced by the presence of exogenous and/or endogenous progesterone (P) after proper oestradiol (E2) priming. The window lasts 30-36 hours and, depending on the patient, occurs between LH + 6 and LH + 9 in natural cycles or between P + 4 and P + 7 in hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) cycles. In approximately 30% of IVF cycles in which embryo transfer is performed blindly, the WOI is displaced and embryo-endometrial synchrony is not achieved. Extending this application of endometrial transcriptomics, the endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) test couples next-generation sequencing (NGS) to a computational predictor to identify transcriptomic signatures for each endometrial stage: proliferative (PRO), pre-receptive (PRE), receptive (R) and post-receptive (POST). In this way, personalised embryo transfer (pET) may be possible by synchronising embryo transfer with each patient's WOI. Data are the only way to confront arguments sustained in opinions and/or misleading concepts; it is up to the reader to make their own conclusions regarding its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruiz-Alonso
- Igenomix Foundation-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Igenomix SL, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Valbuena
- Igenomix Foundation-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Igenomix SL, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Simon
- Igenomix Foundation-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of
Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIMDC, Harvard
University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Sánchez-Ribas I, Diaz-Gimeno P, Quiñonero A, Ojeda M, Larreategui Z, Ballesteros A, Domínguez F. NGS Analysis of Human Embryo Culture Media Reveals miRNAs of Extra Embryonic Origin. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:214-222. [PMID: 29587610 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our objective in this work was to isolate, identify, and compare micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in spent culture media of euploid and aneuploid in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. Seventy-two embryos from 62 patients were collected, and their spent media were retained. A total of 108 spent conditioned media samples were analyzed (n = 36 day 3 euploid embryos, n = 36 day 3 aneuploid embryos, and n = 36 matched control media). Fifty hed-control media embryos were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We detected 53 known human miRNAs present in the spent conditioned media of euploid and aneuploid IVF embryos. miR-181b-5p and miR-191-5p were found the most represented. We validated our results by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), but no significant results were obtained between the groups. In conclusion, we obtained the list of miRNAs present in the spent conditioned media from euploid and aneuploid IVF embryos, but our data suggest that these miRNAs could have a nonembryonic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculada Sánchez-Ribas
- 1 IVI Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Quiñonero
- 2 Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Mauland KK, Wik E, Hoivik EA, Kusonmano K, Halle MK, Berg A, Haugland HK, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Stefansson IM, Akslen LA, Krakstad C, Trovik J, Werner HMJ, Salvesen HB. Aneuploidy related transcriptional changes in endometrial cancer link low expression of chromosome 15q genes to poor survival. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9696-9707. [PMID: 28039471 PMCID: PMC5354764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a widely studied prognostic marker in endometrial cancer (EC), however, not implemented in clinical decision-making. It lacks validation in large prospective patient cohorts adjusted for currently standard applied prognostic markers, including estrogen/progesterone receptor status (ER/PR). Also, little is known about aneuploidy-related transcriptional alterations, relevant for understanding its role in EC biology, and as therapeutic target. We included 825 EC patients with available ploidy status and comprehensive clinicopathologic characterization to analyze ploidy as a prognostic marker. For 144 patients, gene expression data were available to explore aneuploidy-related transcriptional alterations. Aneuploidy was associated with high age, FIGO stage and grade, non-endometrioid histology, ER/PR negativity, and poor survival (p-values<0.001). In patients with ER/PR negative tumors, aneuploidy independently predicted poor survival (p=0.03), lymph node metastasis (p=0.007) and recurrence (p=0.002). A prognostic ‘aneuploidy signature’, linked to low expression of chromosome 15q genes, was identified and validated in TCGA data. In conclusion, aneuploidy adds prognostic information in ER/PR negative EC, identifying high-risk patients that could benefit from more aggressive therapies. The ‘aneuploidy signature’ equally identifies these aggressive tumors and suggests a link between aneuploidy and low expression of 15q genes. Integrated analyses point at various dysregulated pathways in aneuploid EC, underlining a complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Klepsland Mauland
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kanthida Kusonmano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mari Kyllesø Halle
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Berg
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne Margrete Øyan
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars A Akslen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrica Maria Johanna Werner
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga Birgitte Salvesen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science (K2), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Katzorke N, Vilella F, Ruiz M, Krüssel JS, Simón C. Diagnosis of Endometrial-Factor Infertility: Current Approaches and New Avenues for Research. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:699-703. [PMID: 27365540 PMCID: PMC4922892 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, research to improve success rates in reproductive medicine has focused predominantly on the understanding and optimization of embryo quality. However, the emergence of personalized medicine in ovulation induction and embryology has shifted the focus to assessing the individual status of the endometrium. The endometrium is considered receptive during an individually defined period, the window of implantation (WOI), when the mother permits a blastocyst to attach and implant. This individual receptivity status can now be objectively diagnosed using the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) developed in 2011. The ERA, together with a computational algorithm, detects the unique transcriptomic signature of endometrial receptivity by analyzing 238 differentially expressed genes and reliably predicting the WOI. We and others have illustrated the utility of this personalized diagnostic approach to discriminate between individual physiological variation in endometrial receptivity and unknown endometrial pathology, deemed as causal in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). An international randomized controlled trial ("The ERA as a diagnostic guide for personalized embryo transfer." ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01954758) is underway to determine the clinical value of this endometrial diagnostic intervention in the work-up for reproductive care. In this review, we analyse the current clinical practice in the diagnosis of the endometrial factor together with new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Katzorke
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F. Vilella
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Ruiz
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - J.-S. Krüssel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C. Simón
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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6
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Circelli L, Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Systems Biology Approach for Cancer Vaccine Development and Evaluation. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:544-55. [PMID: 26350594 PMCID: PMC4586466 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines do not hold promise yet as an effective anti-cancer treatment. Lack of efficacy or poor clinical outcomes are due to several antigenic and immunological aspects that need to be addressed in order to reverse such trends and significantly improve cancer vaccines’ efficacy. The newly developed high throughput technologies and computational tools are instrumental to this aim allowing the identification of more specific antigens and the comprehensive analysis of the innate and adaptive immunities. Here, we review the potentiality of systems biology in providing novel insights in the mechanisms of the action of vaccines to improve their design and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Circelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Annacarmen Petrizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
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7
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Mahajan N. Endometrial receptivity array: Clinical application. J Hum Reprod Sci 2015; 8:121-9. [PMID: 26538853 PMCID: PMC4601169 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.165153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human implantation is a complex process requiring synchrony between a healthy embryo and a functionally competent or receptive endometrium. Diagnosis of endometrial receptivity (ER) has posed a challenge and so far most available tests have been subjective and lack accuracy and a predictive value. Microarray technology has allowed identification of the transcriptomic signature of the window of receptivity window of implantation (WOI). This technology has led to the development of a molecular diagnostic tool, the ER array (ERA) for diagnosis of ER. Use of this test in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) has shown that the WOI is displaced in a quarter of these patients and use of a personalized embryo transfer (pET) on the day designated by ERA improves reproductive performance. Our results in the Indian population revealed an endometrial factor in 27.5% RIF patients, which was significantly greater than the non-RIF group 15% (P = 0.04). After pET, the overall ongoing pregnancy rate was 42.4% and implantation rate was 33%, which was at par with our in-vitro fertilization results over 1-year. We also performed ERA in patients with persistently thin endometrium, and it was reassuring to find that the endometrium in 75% of these patients was receptive despite being 6 mm or less. A pregnancy rate of 66.7% was achieved in this group. Though larger studies are required to validate these results ERA has become a useful tool in our diagnostic armamentarium for ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Mahajan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nova IVI Fertility, New Delhi, India
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8
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Gómez E, Ruíz-Alonso M, Miravet J, Simón C. Human Endometrial Transcriptomics: Implications for Embryonic Implantation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:a022996. [PMID: 25818663 PMCID: PMC4484960 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human endometrium has been extensively investigated in the search for markers capable of predicting its receptive status. The completion of the Human Genome Project has triggered a rapid development of new fields in molecular biology, the "transcriptomics" being a major turning point in the knowledge acquisition of endometrial receptivity. Based on this, a customized Endometrial Receptivity Array (ERA) has been developed, which is capable of identifying the genomic signature of receptivity. This diagnostic tool showed that the window of implantation (WOI) is displaced in one out of four patients with implantation failure, allowing the identification of their personalized WOI. This strategy allows performing a personalized embryo transfer (pET) on the day in which the endometrium is receptive. The combination of a systems biology approach and next-generation sequencing will overcome the limitations of microarrays, and will, in the future, allow elucidation of the mechanisms involved in embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gómez
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Ruíz-Alonso
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miravet
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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9
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Vikeså J, Møller AKH, Kaczkowski B, Borup R, Winther O, Henao R, Krogh A, Perell K, Jensen F, Daugaard G, Nielsen FC. Cancers of unknown primary origin (CUP) are characterized by chromosomal instability (CIN) compared to metastasis of know origin. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 25885340 PMCID: PMC4404593 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) constitute ~5% of all cancers. The tumors have an aggressive biological and clinical behavior. The aim of the present study has been to uncover whether CUPs exhibit distinct molecular features compared to metastases of known origin. Methods Employing genome wide transcriptome analysis, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), we defined the putative origins of a large series of CUP and how closely related a particular CUP was to corresponding metastases of known origin. LDA predictions were subsequently used to define a universal CUP core set of differentially expressed genes, that by means of gene set enrichment analysis was exploited to depict molecular pathways characterizing CUP. Results The analyses show that CUPs are distinct from metastases of known origin. CUPs exhibit inconsistent expression of conventional cancer biomarkers and QDA derived outlier scores show that CUPs are more distantly related to their primary tumor class than corresponding metastases of known origin. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that CUPs display increased expression of genes involved in DNA damage repair and mRNA signatures of chromosome instability (CIN), indicating that CUPs are chromosome unstable compared to metastases of known origin. Conclusions CIN may account for the uncommon clinical presentation, chemoresistance and poor outcome in patients with CUP and warrant selective diagnostic strategies and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1128-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Vikeså
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Anne Kirstine H Møller
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Ole Winther
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anders Krogh
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Katharina Perell
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Jensen
- Department of Radiology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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10
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Gemoll T, Auer G, Ried T, Habermann JK. Genetic Instability and Disease Prognostication. Recent Results Cancer Res 2015; 200:81-94. [PMID: 26376873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20291-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic instability is a striking feature of human cancers, with an impact on the genesis, progression and prognosis. The clinical importance of genomic instability and aneuploidy is underscored by its association with poor patient outcome in multiple cancer types, including breast and colon cancer. Interestingly, there is growing evidence that prognostic gene expression signatures simply reflect the degree of genomic instability. Additionally, also the proteome is affected by aneuploidy and has therefore become a powerful tool to screen for new targets for therapy, diagnosis and prognostication. In this context, the chapter presents the impact of genomic instability on disease prognostication occurring in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gert Auer
- Karolinska Biomic Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jens K Habermann
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
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11
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Alonso-Alconada L, Santacana M, Garcia-Sanz P, Muinelo-Romay L, Colas E, Mirantes C, Monge M, Cueva J, Oliva E, Soslow RA, Lopez MA, Palacios J, Prat J, Valls J, Krakstad C, Salvesen H, Gil-Moreno A, Lopez-Lopez R, Dolcet X, Moreno-Bueno G, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X, Abal M. Annexin-A2 as predictor biomarker of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1863-73. [PMID: 25219463 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinomas, the most common malignant tumour of the female genital tract, are usually diagnosed at an early stage with uterine-confined disease and an overall favourable prognosis. However, up to 20% of endometrial carcinomas will end up in recurrent disease, associated with a drop in survival and representing the major clinical challenge. Management of this group of risk patients relies on robust biomarkers that may predict which endometrial carcinomas will relapse. For this, we performed a proteomic analysis comparing primary lesions with recurrences and identified ANXA2 as a potential biomarker associated with recurrent disease that we further validated in an independent series of samples by immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated in vitro a role for ANXA2 in the promotion of metastasis rather than interfering with sensitivity to radio/chemotherapy. In addition, ANXA2 silencing resulted in a reduced metastatic pattern in a mice model of endometrial cancer dissemination, with a limited presence of circulating tumor cells. Finally, a retrospective study in a cohort of 93 patients showed that ANXA2 effectively predicted those endometrioid endometrial carcinomas that finally recurred. Importantly, ANXA2 demonstrated a predictive value also among low risk Stage I endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, highlighting the clinical utility of ANXA2 biomarker as predictor of recurrent disease in endometrial cancer. Retrospective and prospective studies are ongoing to validate ANXA2 as a potential tool for optimal stratification of patients susceptible to receive radical surgery and radio/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Alonso-Alconada
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Fundacion Ramon Dominguez, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Egea RR, Puchalt NG, Escrivá MM, Varghese AC. OMICS: Current and future perspectives in reproductive medicine and technology. J Hum Reprod Sci 2014; 7:73-92. [PMID: 25191020 PMCID: PMC4150148 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.138857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many couples present fertility problems at their reproductive age, and although in the last years, the efficiency of assisted reproduction techniques has increased, these are still far from being 100% effective. A key issue in this field is the proper assessment of germ cells, embryos and endometrium quality, in order to determine the actual likelihood to succeed. Currently available analysis is mainly based on morphological features of oocytes, sperm and embryos and although these strategies have improved the results, there is an urgent need of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The emergence of the - OMICS technologies (epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) permitted the improvement on the knowledge in this field, by providing with a huge amount of information regarding the biological processes involved in reproductive success, thereby getting a broader view of complex biological systems with a relatively low cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rivera Egea
- Andrology Laboratory and Semen Bank, Instituto Universitario, IVI Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
We provide a review of microRNA (miRNA) related to human implantation which shows the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in impaired endometrial receptivity, altered embryo development, implantation failure after assisted reproduction technology, and in ectopic pregnancy and pregnancies of unknown location. MicroRNAs may be emerging diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic tools for understanding implantation disorders. However, further research is needed before miRNAs can be used in clinical practice for identifying and treating implantation failure.
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Petrizzo A, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello M, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Systems vaccinology for cancer vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:711-9. [PMID: 24766452 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.913484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Results of therapeutic vaccines for established chronic infections or cancers are still unsatisfactory. The only therapeutic cancer vaccine approved for clinical use is the sipuleucel-T, for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, which induces a limited 4-month improvement in the overall survival of vaccinated patients compared to controls. This represents a remarkable advancement in the cancer immunotherapy field, although the clinical outcome of cancer vaccines needs to be substantially improved. To this aim, a multipronged strategy is required, including the evaluation of mechanisms underlying the effective elicitation of immune responses by cancer vaccines. The recent development of new technologies and computational tools allows the comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the interactions between all of the components of innate and adaptive immunity over time. Here we review the potentiality of systems biology in providing novel insights in the mechanisms of action of vaccines to improve their design and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annacarmen Petrizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione Pascale" - IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Profiling the gene signature of endometrial receptivity: clinical results. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1078-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ruiz-Alonso M, Blesa D, Simón C. The genomics of the human endometrium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1931-42. [PMID: 22634130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium is a complex tissue that lines the inside of the endometrial cavity. The gene expression of the different endometrial cell types is regulated by ovarian steroids and paracrine-secreted molecules from neighbouring cells. Due to this regulation, the endometrium goes through cyclic modifications which can be divided simply into the proliferative phase, the secretory phase and the menstrual phase. Successful embryo implantation depends on three factors: embryo quality, the endometrium's state of receptivity, and a synchronised dialogue between the maternal tissue and the blastocyst. There is a need to characterise the endometrium's state of receptivity in order to prevent reproductive failure. No single molecular or histological marker for this status has yet been found. Here, we review the global transcriptomic analyses performed in the last decade on a normal human endometrium. These studies provide us with a clue about what global gene expression can be expected for a non-pathological endometrium. These studies have shown endometrial phase-specific transcriptomic profiles and common temporal gene expression patterns. We summarise the biological processes and genes regulated in the different phases of natural cycles and present other works on different conditions as well as a receptivity diagnostic tool based on a specific gene set profile. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular Genetics of Human Reproductive Failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruiz-Alonso
- Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, Valencia, Spain.
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