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Das SK, Joshi A, Bisht L, Goswami V, Faiz A, Dutt G, Sharma S. Godanti bhasma (anhydrous CaSO 4) induces massive cytoplasmic vacuolation in mammalian cells: A model for phagocytosis assay. Methods 2024; 230:158-168. [PMID: 39216714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential physiological mechanism; its impairment is associated with many diseases. A highly smart particle is required for understanding detailed sequential cellular events in phagocytosis. Recently, we identified an Indian traditional medicine named Godanti Bhasma (GB), a bioactive calcium sulfate particle prepared by thermo-transformation ofgypsum. Thermal processing of the gypsum transforms its native physicochemical properties by removing water molecules into the anhydrous GB, which was confirmed by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. GB particle showed a 0.5-5 µm size range and a neutral surface charge. Exposure of mammalian cells to GB particles showed a rapid cellular uptake through phagocytosis and induced massive cytoplasmic vacuolation in cells. Interestingly, no cellular uptake and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed with the parent gypsum particle. The presence of the GB particles in intra-vacuolar space was confirmed using FESEM coupled with EDX. Flow cytometry analysis and live tracking of GB-treated cells showed particle internalization, vacuole formation, particle dissolution, and later vacuolar turnover. Quantification of GB-induced vacuolation was done using neutral red uptake assay in cells. Treatment of lysosomal inhibitors (BFA1 or CQ) with GB could not induce vacuolation, suggesting the requirement of an acidic environment for the vacuolation. In the mimicking experiment, GB particle dissolution in acidic cell-free solution suggested that degradation of GB occurs by acidic pH inside the cell vacuole. Vacuole formation generally accompanies with cell death, whereas GB-induced massive vacuolation does not cause cell death. Moreover, the cell divides and proliferates with the vacuolar process, intra-vacuolar cargo degradation, and eventually vacuolar turnover. Taken together, the sequential cellular events in this study suggest that GB can be used as a smart particle for phagocytosis assay development in animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Das
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India; Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Alpana Joshi
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India; Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Laxmi Bisht
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishakha Goswami
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Abul Faiz
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Gaurav Dutt
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Shiva Sharma
- Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, University, NH 58, Meerut 250110, India
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Luo Y, Guan B, Deng X, Bai P, Huang H, Miao C, Sun A, Li Z, Yang D, Wang X, Shao Z, Wu Y, Xing J, Chen B, Wang T. Methuosis Inducer SGI-1027 Cooperates with Everolimus to Promote Apoptosis and Pyroptosis by Triggering Lysosomal Membrane Permeability in Renal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404693. [PMID: 39119834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been approved as a sequential or second-line therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the development of drug resistance limits its clinical applications. This study aims to address the challenge of everolimus resistance and provide new insights into the treatment of advanced RCC. Here, the cytotoxicity of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor SGI-1027 in inducing cell vacuolation and methuosis is discovered and demonstrated for the first time. Additionally, SGI-1027 exerts synergistic effects with everolimus, as their combination suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells. Mechanistically, apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis triggered by lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) are observed. The upregulation of GSDME expression and increased lysosomal activity in renal cancer cells provide a therapeutic window for the combination of these two drugs to treat renal cancer. The combination treatment exhibits effective anti-tumor activity and is well tolerated in a subcutaneous tumor model. Overall, this study validates and reveals the specific cytotoxicity property of SGI-1027 and its potent synergistic effect with everolimus, offering new insights into advanced RCC therapy and everolimus-resistance overcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Bing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, P. R. China
| | - Peide Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Chaohao Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Anran Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Dianqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xuegang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Shao
- Xiamen University Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 361101, P. R. China
| | - Jinchun Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Urinary Tract Tumors and Calculi, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
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Xu S, Liu H, Li X, Zhao J, Wang J, Crans DC, Yang X. Approaches to selective and potent inhibition of glioblastoma by vanadyl complexes: Inducing mitotic catastrophe and methuosis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112610. [PMID: 38761580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major problem for cancer chemotherapy, especially for glioblastoma multiforme that is aggressive, heterogeneous and recurrent with <3% of a five-year survival and limited methods of clinical treatment. To overcome the problem, great efforts have recently been put in searching for agents inducing death of tumor cells via various non-apoptotic pathways. In the present work, we report for the first time that vanadyl complexes, i.e. bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium (IV) (VO(acac)2), can cause mitotic catastrophe and methuotic death featured by catastrophic macropinocytic vacuole accumulation particularly in glioblastoma cells (GCs). Hence, VO(acac)2 strongly suppressed growth of GCs with both in vitro (IC50 = 4-6 μM) and in vivo models, and is much more potent than the current standard-of-care drug Temozolomide. The selective index is as high as ∼10 or more on GCs over normal neural cells. Importantly, GCs respond well to vanadium treatment regardless whether they are carrying IDH1 wild type gene that causes drug resistance. VO(acac)2 may induce methuosis via the Rac-Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, VO(acac)2-induced methuosis is not through a immunogenicity mechanism, making vanadyl complexes safe for interventional therapy. Overall, our results may encourage development of novel vanadium complexes promising for treatment of neural malignant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huixue Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
| | - Xiaoda Yang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Mimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; SATCM Key Laboratory of Compound Drug Detoxification, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Nafe R, Hattingen E. Forms of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death and Their Role in Gliomas-Presentation of the Current State of Knowledge. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1546. [PMID: 39062119 PMCID: PMC11274595 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to necrosis and apoptosis, the two forms of cell death that have been known for many decades, other non-apoptotic forms of cell death have been discovered, many of which also play a role in tumors. Starting with the description of autophagy more than 60 years ago, newer forms of cell death have become important for the biology of tumors, such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and paraptosis. In this review, all non-apoptotic and oncologically relevant forms of programmed cell death are presented, starting with their first descriptions, their molecular characteristics, and their role and their interactions in cell physiology and pathophysiology. Based on these descriptions, the current state of knowledge about their alterations and their role in gliomas will be presented. In addition, current efforts to therapeutically influence the molecular components of these forms of cell death will be discussed. Although research into their exact role in gliomas is still at a rather early stage, our review clarifies that all these non-apoptotic forms of cell death show significant alterations in gliomas and that important insight into understanding them has already been gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Nafe
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinics of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Barczyk-Woźnicka O, Kaleta M, Handzlik J, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Studies on Autophagy and Apoptosis of Fibrosarcoma HT-1080 Cells Mediated by Chalcone with Indole Moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6100. [PMID: 38892288 PMCID: PMC11172467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the anticancer efficacy of chalcones with indole moiety (MIPP, MOMIPP) in fibrosarcoma cells for the first time. The results showed that MIPP and MOMIPP reduced the viability of HT-1080 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. MOMIPP was more active than MIPP in HT-1080 cells, showing lower IC50 values (3.67 vs. 29.90 μM). Both compounds at a concentration of 1 μM induced apoptosis in HT-1080 cells, causing death strictly related to caspase activation, as cell viability was restored when the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD was added. Reactive oxygen species production was approximately 3-fold higher than in control cells, and cotreatment with the inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase oligomycin diminished this effect. Such effects were also reflected in mitochondrial dysfunction, including decreased membrane potential. Interestingly, the compounds that were studied caused massive vacuolization in HT-1080 cells. Immunocytochemical staining and TEM analysis showed that HT-1080 cells exhibited increased expression of the LC3-II protein and the presence of autophagosomes with a double membrane, respectively. Both compounds induced apoptosis, highlighting a promising link between autophagy and apoptosis. This connection could be a new target for therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance, which is a significant cause of treatment failure and tumour recurrence in fibrosarcoma following traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.H.-O.); (M.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woźnicka
- Laboratory of Transmission Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Maria Kaleta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.H.-O.); (M.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.H.-O.); (M.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (E.H.-O.); (M.K.); (J.H.)
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6
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Lu Z, Lai Q, Li ZF, Zhong MY, Jiang YL, Feng LY, Zha J, Yao JW, Li Y, Deng XM, Xu B. Novel PIKfyve/Tubulin Dual-target Inhibitor as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:298-308. [PMID: 38619682 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), current intensive chemotherapies for adult patients fail to achieve durable responses in more than 50% of cases, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic regimens for this patient population. The present study aimed to determine whether HZX-02-059, a novel dual-target inhibitor targeting both phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve) and tubulin, is lethal to B-ALL cells and is a potential therapeutic for B-ALL patients. METHODS Cell proliferation, vacuolization, apoptosis, cell cycle, and in-vivo tumor growth were evaluated. In addition, Genome-wide RNA-sequencing studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-leukemia activity of HZX-02-059 in B-ALL. RESULTS HZX-02-059 was found to inhibit cell proliferation, induce vacuolization, promote apoptosis, block the cell cycle, and reduce in-vivo tumor growth. Downregulation of the p53 pathway and suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and the downstream transcription factors c-Myc and NF-κB were responsible for these observations. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that HZX-02-059 is a promising agent for the treatment of B-ALL patients resistant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qian Lai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yue-Long Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li-Ying Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jing-Wei Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Hermosilla VE, Gyenis L, Rabalski AJ, Armijo ME, Sepúlveda P, Duprat F, Benítez-Riquelme D, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Quiroz A, Hepp MI, Farkas C, Mastel M, González-Chavarría I, Jackstadt R, Litchfield DW, Castro AF, Pincheira R. Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates and induces the SALL2 tumor suppressor degradation in colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:223. [PMID: 38493149 PMCID: PMC10944491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Spalt-like proteins are Zinc finger transcription factors from Caenorhabditis elegans to vertebrates, with critical roles in development. In vertebrates, four paralogues have been identified (SALL1-4), and SALL2 is the family's most dissimilar member. SALL2 is required during brain and eye development. It is downregulated in cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor, promoting cell cycle arrest and cell death. Despite its critical functions, information about SALL2 regulation is scarce. Public data indicate that SALL2 is ubiquitinated and phosphorylated in several residues along the protein, but the mechanisms, biological consequences, and enzymes responsible for these modifications remain unknown. Bioinformatic analyses identified several putative phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase II (CK2) located within a highly conserved C-terminal PEST degradation motif of SALL2. CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell proliferation and survival and is often hyperactivated in cancer. We demonstrated that CK2 phosphorylates SALL2 residues S763, T778, S802, and S806 and promotes SALL2 degradation by the proteasome. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with Silmitasertib (CX-4945) restored endogenous SALL2 protein levels in SALL2-deficient breast MDA-MB-231, lung H1299, and colon SW480 cancer cells. Silmitasertib induced a methuosis-like phenotype and cell death in SW480 cells. However, the phenotype was significantly attenuated in CRISPr/Cas9-mediated SALL2 knockout SW480 cells. Similarly, Sall2-deficient tumor organoids were more resistant to Silmitasertib-induced cell death, confirming that SALL2 sensitizes cancer cells to CK2 inhibition. We identified a novel CK2-dependent mechanism for SALL2 regulation and provided new insights into the interplay between these two proteins and their role in cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A J Rabalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Odyssey Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E Armijo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Duprat
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - D Benítez-Riquelme
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Fuentes-Villalobos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología. Departamento de Microbiologia. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Mastel
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg. Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg. Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - R Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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8
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Yang H, Zhang D, Yuan Z, Qiao H, Xia Z, Cao F, Lu Y, Jiang F. Novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivative displayed excellent in vivo anti-glioblastoma efficacy as the microtubule-targeting agent. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116205. [PMID: 38350361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel 4-Aryl-4H-chromene derivatives (D1-D31) were designed and synthesized by integrating quinoline heterocycle to crolibulin template molecule based on the strategy of molecular hybridization. One of these compounds D19 displayed positive antiproliferative activity against U87 cancer cell line (IC50 = 0.90 ± 0.03 μM). Compound D19 was verified as the microtubule-targeting agent through downregulating tubulin related genes of U87 cells, destroying the cytoskeleton of tubulins and interacting with the colchicine-binding site to inhibit the polymerization of tubulins by transcriptome analysis, immune-fluorescence staining, microtubule dynamics and EBI competition assays as well as molecular docking simulations. Moreover, compound D19 induced G2/M phase arrest, resulted in cell apoptosis and inhibited the migration of U87 cells by flow cytometry analysis and wound healing assays. Significantly, compound D19 dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth of orthotopic glioma xenografts model (GL261-Luc) and effectively prolonged the survival time of mice, which were extremely better than those of positive drug temozolomide (TMZ). Compound D19 exhibited potent in vivo antivascular activity as well as no observable toxicity. Furthermore, the results of in silico simulation studies and P-gp transwell assays verified the positive correlation between compound D19's Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability and its in vivo anti-GBM activity. Overall, compound D19 can be used as a promising anti-GBM lead compound for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziyang Yuan
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haishi Qiao
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhuolu Xia
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Chen Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Wei H, Yuan X, Xiong B, Tang M, Yang T, Yang Z, Ye H, Yang J, Chen L. Discovery of Potent and Selective Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate 5-Kinase (PIKfyve) Inhibitors as Methuosis Inducers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:165-179. [PMID: 38117948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic vacuolation-associated cell death, known as methuosis, offers a promising nonapoptotic approach for cancer treatment. In this study, we outline the synthesis and evaluation of potent methuosis-inducing compounds. These compounds selectively induce cell death, characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, compound L22 exhibited a remarkable interaction with PIKfyve kinase, boasting a Kd value of 0.47 nM, surpassing the positive controls D-13 and MOMIPP in potency. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that cell death induced by compound L22 is unequivocally attributed to methuosis as it differs from apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Importantly, when administered orally, L22 effectively inhibited tumor growth in a HeLa xenograft model without any apparent signs of toxicity. These results underscore the potential of L22 as a valuable tool for in-depth investigations into the mechanisms of methuosis and as a promising lead compound to guide structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research and Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoche Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Sanz B, Seco-Calvo J. The Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Structural and Functional Proteomic Pathways Induced or Inhibited by a Specific Protein-A Narrative Review. Proteomes 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38250814 PMCID: PMC10801515 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Billions of cells die in us every hour, and our tissues do not shrink because there is a natural regulation where Cell Death (CD) is balanced with cell division. The process in which cells eliminate themselves in a controlled manner is called Programmed Cell Death (PCD). The PCD plays an important role during embryonic development, in maintaining homeostasis of the body's tissues, and in the elimination of damaged cells, under a wide range of physiological and developmental stimuli. A multitude of protein mediators of PCD have been identified and signals have been found to utilize common pathways elucidating the proteins involved. This narrative review focuses on caspase-dependent and caspase-independent PCD pathways. Included are studies of caspase-dependent PCD such as Anoikis, Catastrophe Mitotic, Pyroptosis, Emperitosis, Parthanatos and Cornification, and Caspase-Independent PCD as Wallerian Degeneration, Ferroptosis, Paraptosis, Entosis, Methuosis, and Extracellular Trap Abnormal Condition (ETosis), as well as neutrophil extracellular trap abnormal condition (NETosis) and Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Abnormal Condition (EETosis). Understanding PCD from those reported in this review could shed substantial light on the processes of biological homeostasis. In addition, identifying specific proteins involved in these processes is mandatory to identify molecular biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. This knowledge could provide the ability to modulate the PCD response and could lead to new therapeutic interventions in a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
| | - Begoña Sanz
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- SARCELLOMICS® Research Group, 27071 León, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 27071 León, Spain
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11
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Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Kim D, Min D, Kim J, Kim MJ, Seo Y, Jung BH, Kwon SH, Ro H, Lee S, Sa JK, Lee JY. Nutlin-3a induces KRAS mutant/p53 wild type lung cancer specific methuosis-like cell death that is dependent on GFPT2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:338. [PMID: 38093368 PMCID: PMC10720203 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic KRAS mutation, the most frequent mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is an aggressiveness risk factor and leads to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells by promoting glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid absorption and glycolysis. Lately, sotorasib was approved by the FDA as a first-in-class KRAS-G12C inhibitor. However, sotorasib still has a derivative barrier, which is not effective for other KRAS mutation types, except for G12C. Additionally, resistance to sotorasib is likely to develop, demanding the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. METHODS KRAS mutant, and wildtype NSCLC cells were used in vitro cell analyses. Cell viability, proliferation, and death were measured by MTT, cell counting, colony analyses, and annexin V staining for FACS. Cell tracker dyes were used to investigate cell morphology, which was examined by holotomograpy, and confocal microscopes. RNA sequencing was performed to identify key target molecule or pathway, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and metabolite analyses by UHPLC-MS/MS. Zebrafish and mouse xenograft model were used for in vivo analysis. RESULTS In this study, we found that nutlin-3a, an MDM2 antagonist, inhibited the KRAS-PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway and disrupted the fusion of both autophagosomes and macropinosomes with lysosomes. This further elucidated non-apoptotic and catastrophic macropinocytosis associated methuosis-like cell death, which was found to be dependent on GFPT2 of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, specifically in KRAS mutant /p53 wild type NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate the potential of nutlin-3a as an alternative agent for treating KRAS mutant/p53 wild type NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongwha Min
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerim Seo
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Instiute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Instiute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Seoee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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13
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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Mohamadynejad P. Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37998025 PMCID: PMC10669395 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The former conventional belief was that cell death resulted from either apoptosis or necrosis; however, in recent years, different pathways through which a cell can undergo cell death have been discovered. Various types of cell death are distinguished by specific morphological alterations in the cell's structure, coupled with numerous biological activation processes. Various diseases, such as cancers, can occur due to the accumulation of damaged cells in the body caused by the dysregulation and failure of cell death. Thus, comprehending these cell death pathways is crucial for formulating effective therapeutic strategies. We focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to various forms of cell death, encompassing apoptosis, anoikis, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, entosis, methuosis, paraptosis, mitoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
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14
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Ye T, Shan P, Zhang H. Progress in the discovery and development of small molecule methuosis inducers. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1400-1409. [PMID: 37593581 PMCID: PMC10429883 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer chemotherapies rely mainly on the induction of apoptosis of tumor cells, while drug resistance arising from conventional chemicals has always been a big challenge. In recent years, more and more new types of cell deaths including methuosis have been extensively investigated and recognized as potential alternative targets for future cancer treatment. Methuosis is usually caused by excessive accumulation of macropinosomes owing to ectopic activation of macropinocytosis, which can be triggered by external stimuli such as chemical agents. Increasing reports demonstrate that many small molecule compounds could specifically induce methuosis in tumor cells while showing little or no effect on normal cells. This finding raises the possibility of targeting tumor cell methuosis as an effective strategy for the prevention of cancer. Based on fast-growing studies lately, we herein provide a comprehensive overview on the overall research progress of small molecule methuosis inducers. Promisingly, previous efforts and experiences will facilitate the development of next-generation anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Peipei Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266031 P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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15
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Park W, Wei S, Kim BS, Kim B, Bae SJ, Chae YC, Ryu D, Ha KT. Diversity and complexity of cell death: a historical review. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1573-1594. [PMID: 37612413 PMCID: PMC10474147 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Death is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, whether at the individual or cellular level. For a long time, cell death was believed to be an undesirable but unavoidable final outcome of nonfunctioning cells, as inflammation was inevitably triggered in response to damage. However, experimental evidence accumulated over the past few decades has revealed different types of cell death that are genetically programmed to eliminate unnecessary or severely damaged cells that may damage surrounding tissues. Several types of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and lysosomal cell death, which are classified as programmed cell death, and pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis, which are classified as inflammatory cell death, have been described over the years. Recently, several novel forms of cell death, namely, mitoptosis, paraptosis, immunogenic cell death, entosis, methuosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, autosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, cuproptosis, and erebosis, have been discovered and advanced our understanding of cell death and its complexity. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the discovery and characterization of different forms of cell death and highlight their diversity and complexity. We also briefly discuss the regulatory mechanisms underlying each type of cell death and the implications of cell death in various physiological and pathological contexts. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of different mechanisms of cell death that can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Sung Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Zheng Y, Xiao J, Wang J, Dong B, Guo D, Ji H, Sun H, Peng L, Jiang S, Gao X. V-ATPase V0 subunit activation mediates maduramicin-induced methuosis through blocking endolysosomal trafficking in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113922. [PMID: 37394175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Methuosis, a novel cell death phenotype, is characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuolization upon external stimulus. Methuosis plays a critical role in maduramicin-induced cardiotoxicity despite the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the origin and intracellular trafficking of cytoplasmic vacuoles, as well as the molecular mechanism of methuosis caused by maduramicin (1 μg/mL) in myocardial cells. H9c2 cells and broiler chicken were used and were exposed to maduramicin at doses of 1 μg/mL in vitro and 5 ppm-30 ppm in vivo. Morphological observation and dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 tracer experiment showed that endosomal compartments swelling and excessive macropinocytosis contributed to madurdamcin-induced methuosis. Cell counting kit-8 assay and morphology indicated pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis largely prevent H9c2 cells from maduramicin-triggered methuosis. In addition, late endosomal marker Rab7 and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) increased in a time-dependent manner after maduramicin treatment, and the recycling endosome marker Rab11 and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) were decreased by maduramicin. Vacuolar-H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) was activated by maduramicin, and pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown V0 subunit of V-ATPase restore endosomal-lysosomal trafficking and prevent H9c2 cells methuosis. Animal experiment showed that severe cardiac injury included the increase of creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and vacuolar degeneration resembled methuosis in vivo after maduramicin treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that targeting the inhibition of V-ATPase V0 subunit will prevent myocardial cells methuosis by restoring endosomal-lysosomal trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiuge Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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17
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Salerno S, Barresi E, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Da Settimo F, Taliani S. Target-Based Anticancer Indole Derivatives for the Development of Anti-Glioblastoma Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062587. [PMID: 36985576 PMCID: PMC10056347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumor, with a poor prognosis and the highest mortality rate. Currently, GBM therapy consists of surgical resection of the tumor, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Consistently, there are poor treatment options and only modest anticancer efficacy is achieved; therefore, there is still a need for the development of new effective therapies for GBM. Indole is considered one of the most privileged scaffolds in heterocyclic chemistry, so it may serve as an effective probe for the development of new drug candidates against challenging diseases, including GBM. This review analyzes the therapeutic benefit and clinical development of novel indole-based derivatives investigated as promising anti-GBM agents. The existing indole-based compounds which are in the pre-clinical and clinical stages of development against GBM are reported, with particular reference to the most recent advances between 2013 and 2022. The main mechanisms of action underlying their anti-GBM efficacy, such as protein kinase, tubulin and p53 pathway inhibition, are also discussed. The final goal is to pave the way for medicinal chemists in the future design and development of novel effective indole-based anti-GBM agents.
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18
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Leak L, Dixon SJ. Surveying the landscape of emerging and understudied cell death mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119432. [PMID: 36690038 PMCID: PMC9969746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be a highly regulated process. A large and growing number of mammalian cell death mechanisms have been described over the past few decades. Major pathways with established roles in normal or disease biology include apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. However, additional non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms with unique morphological, genetic, and biochemical features have also been described. These mechanisms may play highly specialized physiological roles or only become activated in response to specific lethal stimuli or conditions. Understanding the nature of these emerging and understudied mechanisms may provide new insight into cell death biology and suggest new treatments for diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Leak
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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19
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Wang L, Mi D, Hu J, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang C, Chen Y, Chen C. A novel methuosis inducer DZ-514 possesses antitumor activity via activation of ROS-MKK4-p38 axis in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216049. [PMID: 36608865 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Methuosis is a new type of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In this study, we synthesized and screened a series of N-phenyl-4-pyrimidinediamine derivatives in TNBC cells, finding that DZ-514 was the best compound with high toxicity independent of the inhibition of BCL6. DZ-514 decreased cell viability, inhibited cell cycle progression, and induced caspase-independent cell death in TNBC cells. Interestingly, DZ-514 induced cytoplasm vacuolation, which could be blocked by Baf A1, the V-ATPase inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that DZ-514-induced vacuoles were derived from macropinosomes rather than autophagosomes. Most importantly, methuosis induced by DZ-514 was partially mediated by activating the ROS-MKK4-p38 axis. Finally, we demonstrated that DZ-514 significantly inhibited tumor growth in an HCC1806 xenograft mouse model. These findings revealed that the novel methuosis inducer DZ-514 could be developed for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhen Wang
- School of Life Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dazhao Mi
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of the Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China; Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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20
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Targeting VPS41 induces methuosis and inhibits autophagy in cancer cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:130-143.e5. [PMID: 36708709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex mediates membrane trafficking involved in endocytosis, autophagy, lysosome biogenesis, and phagocytosis. Defects in HOPS subunits are associated with various forms of cancer, but their potential as drug targets has rarely been examined. Here, we identified vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog (VPS41), a subunit of the HOPS complex, as a target of methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6-phenethylbenzoate (DMBP), a natural small molecule with preferable anticancer activity. DMBP induced methuosis and inhibited autophagic flux in cancer cells by inhibiting the function of VPS41, leading to the restrained fusion of late endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes. Moreover, DMBP effectively inhibited metastasis in a mouse metastatic melanoma model. Collectively, the current work revealed that targeting VPS41 would provide a valuable method of inhibiting cancer proliferation through methuosis.
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21
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Inhibition of Macropinocytosis Enhances the Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells to Benzethonium Chloride. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030961. [PMID: 36765917 PMCID: PMC9913482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone. Chemotherapy is one of the crucial approaches to prevent its metastasis and improve prognosis. Despite continuous improvements in the clinical treatment of OS, tumor resistance and metastasis remain dominant clinical challenges. Macropinocytosis, a form of non-selective nutrient endocytosis, has received increasing attention as a novel target for cancer therapy, yet its role in OS cells remains obscure. Benzethonium chloride (BZN) is an FDA-approved antiseptic and bactericide with broad-spectrum anticancer effects. Here, we described that BZN suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells in vitro and in vivo, but simultaneously promoted the massive accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles as well. Mechanistically, BZN repressed the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and the ERK1/2 activator partially neutralized the inhibitory effect of BZN on OS cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that vacuoles originated from macropinocytosis and indicated that OS cells might employ macropinocytosis as a compensatory survival mechanism in response to BZN. Remarkably, macropinocytosis inhibitors enhanced the anti-OS effect of BZN in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BZN may inhibit OS cells by repressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and propose a potential strategy to enhance the BZN-induced inhibitory effect by suppressing macropinocytosis.
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22
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Ni Y, Liu J, Zeng L, Yang Y, Liu L, Yao M, Chai L, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang L, Li W. Natural product manoalide promotes EGFR-TKI sensitivity of lung cancer cells by KRAS-ERK pathway and mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload-induced ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1109822. [PMID: 36712673 PMCID: PMC9873971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Manoalide (MA), a proven natural inhibitor of PLA2 has anticancer effects, but its potential application and mechanism as an anticancer drug to promote EGFR-TKI sensitivity in lung cancer cells have not been studied. Methods: KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells and organoids, acquired osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines HCC827OR, were used as EGFR-TKI-resistant models. CCK-8, clone formation, apoptosis assays, and calcein-AM staining were performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of MA in lung cancer cells and organoids. The flow cytometry or confocal microscope was used to detect lipid droplets, ROS, lipid peroxidation, mitochondria Ca2+, and iron content. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were used to estimate the effect of MA on mitochondrial function. Results: MA inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells and organoids. In addition, MA induces ER stress in a ROS-dependent mechanism. The ROS induced by MA is mainly in mitochondrial and causes lipid peroxidation, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial FAO metabolism and promoting the accumulation of lipid droplets. MA also suppresses the KRAS-ERK pathway through ROS and promotes the sensitivity of KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells and organoids to osimertinib. Furthermore, MA induces ferroptosis by suppressing the NRF2-SLC7A11 axis and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload induced-FTH1 pathways to promote the sensitivity of osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells to osimertinib. Conclusions: MA is a candidate EGFR-TKI sensitizer in KRAS-mutated and osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Ni
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyan Zeng
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Menglin Yao
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chai
- Institute of Core facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Core facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Core facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhang, ; Weimin Li,
| | - Weimin Li
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network (NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhang, ; Weimin Li,
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23
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Qin S, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Weng N, Li B, Tang Y, Zhou L, Jiang J, Lu Y, Shao J, Xie N, Nice EC, Chen ZS, Zhang J, Huang C. CCT251545 enhances drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy in multidrug-resistant cancers by Rac1-mediated macropinocytosis. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100906. [PMID: 36565657 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It was well known that P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is a master regulator of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers. However, the clinical benefit from blocking this pathway remains inconclusive, which motivates a paradigm shift towards alternative strategies for enhancing drug influx. Using a patient-derived organoid (PDO)-based drug screening platform, we report that the combined use of chemotherapy and CCT251545 (CCT) displays robust synergistic effect against PDOs and reduces proliferation of MDR cancer cells in vitro, and results in regression of xenograft tumors, reductions in metastatic dissemination and recurrence rate in vivo. The synergistic activity mediated by CCT can be mainly attributed to the intense uptake of chemotherapeutic agents into the cells, accompanied by alterations in cell phenotypes defined as a mesenchymal epithelial transformation (MET). Mechanistically, analysis of the transcriptome coupled with validation in cellular and animal models demonstrate that the chemosensitizing effect of CCT is profoundly affected by Rac1-dependent macropinocytosis. Furthermore, CCT binds to NAMPT directly, resulting in elevated NAD levels within MDR cancer cells. This effect promotes the assembly of adherents junction (AJ) components with cytoskeleton, which is required for continuous induction of macropinocytosis and consequent drug internalization. Overall, our results illustrate the potential use of CCT as a combination partner for the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in the management of MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongquan Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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24
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Allen NC, Chauhan R, Bates PJ, O’Toole MG. Optimization of Tumor Targeting Gold Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3869. [PMID: 36364644 PMCID: PMC9653665 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma brain tumors represent an aggressive form of gliomas that is hallmarked by being extremely invasive and aggressive due to intra and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. This complex tumor microenvironment makes even the newer advancements in glioblastoma treatment less effective long term. In developing newer treatment technologies against glioblastoma, one should tailor the treatment to the tumor microenvironment, thus allowing for a more robust and sustained anti-glioblastoma effect. Here, we present a novel gold nanoparticle therapy explicitly designed for bioactivity against glioblastoma representing U87MG cell lines. We employ standard conjugation techniques to create oligonucleotide-coated gold nanoparticles exhibiting strong anti-glioblastoma behavior and optimize their design to maximize bioactivity against glioblastoma. Resulting nanotherapies are therapy specific and show upwards of 75% inhibition in metabolic and proliferative activity with stark effects on cellular morphology. Ultimately, these gold nanotherapies are a good base for designing more multi-targeted approaches to fighting against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Rajat Chauhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Paula J. Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Martin G. O’Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Dou X, Xu Q, Dong B, Xu G, Qian N, Yang C, Li H, Chen L, Gao X, Song H. Anti-c-MET Fab-Grb2-Gab1 Fusion Protein-Mediated Interference of c-MET Signaling Pathway Induces Methuosis in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912018. [PMID: 36233320 PMCID: PMC9569552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-macromolecules have potential applications in cancer treatment due to their high selectivity and efficiency in hitting therapeutic targets. However, poor cell membrane permeability has limited their broad-spectrum application in cancer treatment. The current study developed highly internalizable anti-c-MET antibody Fab fusion proteins with intracellular epitope peptide chimera to achieve the dual intervention from the extracellular to intracellular targets in tumor therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the fusion proteins could interfere with the disease-associated intracellular signaling pathways and inhibit the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. Importantly, investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that these protein chimeras could induce vacuolation in treated cells, thus interfering with the normal extension and arrangement of microtubules as well as the mitosis, leading to the induction of methuosis-mediated cell death. Furthermore, in vivo tumor models indicated that certain doses of fusion proteins could inhibit the A549 xenograft tumors in NOD SCID mice. This study thus provides new ideas for the intracellular delivery of bio-macromolecules and the dual intervention against tumor cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qinzhi Xu
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Guili Xu
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Niliang Qian
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cuima Yang
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Beijng Immunoah Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (H.S.)
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26
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Del Bello B, Gamberucci A, Marcolongo P, Maellaro E. The autophagy inducer trehalose stimulates macropinocytosis in NF1-deficient glioblastoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35864494 PMCID: PMC9306097 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor. A big effort is required to find novel molecules which can cross the blood–brain barrier and efficiently kill these tumor cells. In this perspective, trehalose (α-glucopyranosyl‐[1→1]‐α‐d‐glucopyranoside), found in various dietary sources and used as a safe nutrient supplement, attracted our attention for its pleiotropic effects against tumor cells. Methods Human glioblastoma cell lines U373-MG and T98G were exposed to trehalose and analyzed at different time points. Cell proliferation was evaluated at medium term, and clonogenic capacity and cell morphology were evaluated at long term. Western blot was used to evaluate biochemical markers of autophagy (also measured in cells co-treated with EIPA or chloroquine), and mTOR, AMPK and ERK 1/2 signalling. Macropinocytosis was evaluated morphologically by bright-field microscopy; in cells loaded with the fluorescein-conjugated fluid-phase tracer dextran, macropinocytic vacuoles were also visualized by fluorescence microscopy, and the extent of macropinocytosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Results The long-term effect of trehalose on U373-MG and T98G cell lines was impressive, as indicated by a dramatic reduction in clonogenic efficiency. Mechanistically, trehalose proved to be an efficient autophagy inducer in macropinocytosis-deficient T98G cells and an efficient inducer of macropinocytosis and eventual cell death by methuosis in U373-MG glioblastoma cells, proved to be poorly responsive to induction of autophagy. These two processes appeared to act in a mutually exclusive manner; indeed, co-treatment of U373-MG cells with the macropinocytosis inhibitor, EIPA, significantly increased the autophagic response. mTOR activation and AMPK inhibition occurred in a similar way in the two trehalose-treated cell lines. Interestingly, ERK 1/2 was activated only in macropinocytosis-proficient U373-MG cells harbouring loss-of-function mutations in the negative RAS regulator, NF1, suggesting a key role of RAS signalling. Conclusions Our results indicate that trehalose is worthy of further study as a candidate molecule for glioblastoma therapy, due to its capacity to induce a sustained autophagic response, ultimately leading to loss of clonogenic potential, and more interestingly, to force macropinocytosis, eventually leading to cell death by methuosis, particularly in tumor cells with RAS hyperactivity. As a further anticancer strategy, stimulation of macropinocytosis may be exploited to increase intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Del Bello
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Emilia Maellaro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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27
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Fang Y, Zhong T, Yang L, Luo F, Li Q, Wang D, Li Q, Fan Y, Yang X. Spiropachysine A suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by inducing methuosis in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154151. [PMID: 35584581 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiropachysine A is the extracted compound of traditional Chinese ethnic medicine Pachysandra axillaries Franch. var. styiosa (Dunn) M. Cheng. Spiropachysine A is the primary active steroidal alkaloids (SAs) widely used to facilitate blood circulation and relieve pain and inflammation. Few previous studies have investigated the anti-cancer activity of Spiropachysine A to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its molecular mechanism remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer activity of Spiropachysine A and the underlying mechanisms by inducing methuosis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Here, the activity of Spiropachysine A against cancer was evaluated by the experiments with MHCC-97H cells and the xenografted mice model. The cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay, and cell morphological characteristics were observed by microscope cellular imaging. The effects of autophagy, paraptosis, and oncosis on cytoplasmic vacuolisation were detected using immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blotting (WB). The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. Hematoxylin eosin (H & E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the tissues. RESULTS The in vitro and in vivo results indicated that Spiropachysine A could inhibit HCC cells proliferation (IC50 = 2.39 ± 0.21 μM against MHCC-97H cells) and tumor growth (TGI = 32.81 ± 0.23% at 25 mg/kg and 50.32 ± 0.26% at 50 mg/kg). The morphological changes of the treated cells showed that cell proliferation inhibition caused by Spiropachysine A was associated with numerous cytoplasmic vacuolization. Mechanistically, Spiropachysine A-induced methuosis rather than autophagy or arapaptic because the autophagy flux was blocked, leading to the increased LC3-II/I value and an accumulation of selective autophagy substrate p62. And, there was no activation of the regulatory parapaptic MAPK pathway. Additionally, the TEM and Lucifer yellow (LY) accumulation data confirmed that Spiropachysine A significantly triggered methuosis instead of oncosis. Further, the study indicated that the anti-proliferative activity of Spiropachysine A was independent of PCD since no alterations in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest-related proteins were observed after Spiropachysine A treatment. Impressively, the increased expression of Rac1 was observed in Spiropachysine A-treated MHCC-97H cells and its xenograft tumours, confirming that Spiropachysine A inhibited cell proliferation and induced methuosis through Ras/Rac1 signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS Spiropachysine A was collectively identified as a novel methuosis inducer that suppresses HCC in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanisms might be involved in the Ras/Rac1 pathway. Such data predict that Spiropachysine A is a promising candidate for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents as a methuosis inducer for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lishou Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qiji Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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The Potential of Novel Lipid Agents for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143318. [PMID: 35884379 PMCID: PMC9322924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disease recurrence and chemotherapy resistance are the major causes of mortality for the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Standard of care relies on cytotoxic drugs that induce a form of cell death called apoptosis. EOC cells can evolve to resist apoptosis. We developed drugs called glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) that kill EOC cells by a mechanism that does not involve apoptosis. GAELs most likely induce cell death through a process called methuosis. Importantly, we showed that GAELs are effective at killing chemotherapy-resistant EOC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our work shows that the EOC community should begin to investigate methuosis-inducing agents as a novel therapeutic platform to treat chemotherapy-resistant EOC. Abstract Recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) coincident with chemotherapy resistance remains the main contributor to patient mortality. There is an ongoing investigation to enhance patient progression-free and overall survival with novel chemotherapeutic delivery, such as the utilization of antiangiogenic medications, PARP inhibitors, or immune modulators. Our preclinical studies highlight a novel tool to combat chemotherapy-resistant human EOC. Glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) are synthetic glycerolipids capable of killing established human epithelial cell lines from a wide variety of human cancers, including EOC cell lines representative of different EOC histotypes. Importantly, GAELs kill high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells isolated from the ascites of chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant patients grown as monolayers of spheroid cultures. In addition, GAELs were well tolerated by experimental animals (mice) and were capable of reducing tumor burden and blocking ascites formation in an OVCAR-3 xenograft model. Overall, GAELs show great promise as adjuvant therapy for EOC patients with or without chemotherapy resistance.
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Methuosis Contributes to Jaspine-B-Induced Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137257. [PMID: 35806262 PMCID: PMC9267113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methuosis is a type of programmed cell death in which the cytoplasm is occupied by fluid-filled vacuoles that originate from macropinosomes (cytoplasmic vacuolation). A few molecules have been reported to behave as methuosis inducers in cancer cell lines. Jaspine B (JB) is a natural anhydrous sphingolipid (SL) derivative reported to induce cytoplasmic vacuolation and cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. Here, we have investigated the mechanism and signalling pathways involved in the cytotoxicity induced by the natural sphingolipid Jaspine B (JB) in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which harbor the G12S K-Ras mutant. The effect of JB on inducing cytoplasmic vacuolation and modifying cell viability was determined in A549 cells, as well as in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) lacking either the autophagy-related gene ATG5 or BAX/BAK genes. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after annexin V/propidium iodide staining, in the presence and absence of z-VAD. Autophagy was monitored by LC3-II/GFP-LC3-II analysis, and autophagic flux experiments using protease inhibitors. Phase contrast, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor cytoplasmic vacuolation and the uptake of Lucifer yellow to assess macropinocyosis. We present evidence that cytoplasmic vacuolation and methuosis are involved in Jaspine B cytotoxicity over A549 cells and that activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could be involved in Jaspine-B-induced vacuolation, independently of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/Akt/mTORC1) axis.
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Rex DAB, Keshava Prasad TS, Kandasamy RK. Revisiting Regulated Cell Death Responses in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137023. [PMID: 35806033 PMCID: PMC9266763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of a viral infection in the host begins with various types of cellular responses, such as abortive, productive, latent, and destructive infections. Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are the three major types of regulated cell death mechanisms that play critical roles in viral infection response. Cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, bleb formation, and retained membrane integrity are all signs of osmotic imbalance-driven cytoplasmic swelling and early membrane damage in necroptosis and pyroptosis. Caspase-driven apoptotic cell demise is considered in many circumstances as an anti-inflammatory, and some pathogens hijack the cell death signaling routes to initiate a targeted attack against the host. In this review, the selected mechanisms by which viruses interfere with cell death were discussed in-depth and were illustrated by compiling the general principles and cellular signaling mechanisms of virus–host-specific molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
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Sun CY, Talukder M, Cao D, Chen CW. Gilteritinib Enhances Anti-Tumor Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Abemaciclib in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829759. [PMID: 35814226 PMCID: PMC9262324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abemaciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that abemaciclib has the potential for lung cancer treatment. However, several clinical trials demonstrate that monotherapy with abemaciclib has no obvious superiority than erlotinib to treat lung cancer patients, limiting its therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment. Here, we show that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, gilteritinib, enhances the cytotoxicity of abemaciclib through inducing apoptosis and senescence in lung cancer cells. Interestingly, abemaciclib in combination with gilteritinib leads to excessive accumulation of vacuoles in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, combined abemaciclib and gilteritinib induces complete inactivation of AKT and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways in lung cancer cells. In addition, RNA-sequencing data demonstrate that combination of abemaciclib and gilteritinib treatment induces G2 phase cell-cycle arrest, inhibits DNA replication, and leads to reduction in homologous recombination associated gene expressions. Of note, abemaciclib-resistant lung cancer cells are more sensitive to gilteritinib treatment. In a mouse xenograft model, combined abemaciclib and gilteritinib is more effective than either drug alone in suppressing tumor growth and appears to be well tolerated. Together, our findings support the combination of abemaciclib with gilteritinib as an effective strategy for the treatment of lung cancer, suggesting further evaluation of their efficacy is needed in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Di Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- *Correspondence: Cun-Wu Chen,
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Chen H, Miao Y, Bian A, Ye J, Wang J, Cong X, Jian S, Yi Z, Liang L, Sun Z, Yang F, Ding T. A novel small-molecule activator of unfolded protein response suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215580. [PMID: 35121048 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor-targeted therapy improves survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, almost all patients with CRPC eventually develop secondary resistance to these drugs. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches for incurable metastatic CRPC are urgently needed. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is regarded as a cytoprotective mechanism that removes misfolded proteins in rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, acute activation of the UPR directly leads to tumor cell death. This study has shown that WJ-644A, a novel small molecule activator of UPR, potently inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and caused tumor regression with a good safety profile in multiple animal models. Mechanistically, we have identified that WJ-644A induced cell methuosis and autophagy upon UPR activation. Our study not only identifies the UPR as an actionable target for CRPC treatment, but also establishes WJ-644A as a novel UPR activator that has potential therapeutic value for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Ying Miao
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Aiwu Bian
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Ye
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, SCME, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Shuyi Jian
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- East China Normal University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Lin Liang
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China, 201499
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China, 201499.
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, SCME, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University Affifiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China, 201499.
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Feng L, Chen K, Huang W, Jiang Y, Sun X, Zhou Y, Li L, Li Y, Deng X, Xu B. Pharmacological targeting PIKfyve and tubulin as an effective treatment strategy for double-hit lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 35091546 PMCID: PMC8799717 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Double-hit lymphoma is one of the most aggressive and refractory lymphoma subtypes with recurrent genetic abnormalities of MYC and BCL-2 or BCL6 rearrangement, leading to a poor prognosis in the present clinical practice. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for eliminating double-hit lymphomas are urgently needed. Here, we reported that HZX-02-059, a novel PIKfyve and tubulin dual-target inhibitor, showed a highly cytotoxic activity against double-hit lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo through a noncanonical caspase-independent cell death, methuosis. Mechanistically, the cytotoxicity triggered by HZX-02-059 was contributed to the PIKfyve/TFEB axis-induced cell death of methuosis, as well as the inhibition of tubulin and mTOR/Myc axis-induced cell cycle arrest. In summary, the present findings suggest that HZX-02-059 represents a good starting point for developing targeted therapeutics against double-hit lymphomas.
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Puccini J, Badgley MA, Bar-Sagi D. Exploiting cancer's drinking problem: regulation and therapeutic potential of macropinocytosis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:54-64. [PMID: 34649835 PMCID: PMC8702483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved endocytic mechanism that mediates non-specific fluid-phase uptake, is potently upregulated by various oncogenic pathways. It is now well appreciated that high macropinocytic activity is a hallmark of many human tumors, which use this adaptation to scavenge extracellular nutrients for fueling cell growth. In the context of the nutrient-scarce tumor microenvironment, this process provides tumor cells with metabolic flexibility. However, dependence on this scavenging mechanism also illuminates a potential metabolic vulnerability. As such, there is a great deal of interest in understanding the molecular underpinnings of macropinocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the most recent advances in characterizing macropinocytosis: the pathways that regulate it, its contribution to the metabolic fitness of cancer cells, and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Puccini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Alexander Badgley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence: (D. Bar-Sagi)
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Lu JY, Huang WT, Zhou K, Zhao X, Yang S, Xia L, Ding X. Microbial Lipopeptide Supramolecular Self-Assemblies as a Methuosis-Like Cell Death Inducer with In Vivo Antitumor Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104034. [PMID: 34761865 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Discovering new drugs and improving action mechanisms is a promising strategy to overcome chemotherapy ineffectiveness caused by cancer cell apoptosis resistance. Natural products (like cyclic lipopeptides, CLPs) are potential sources of nonapoptotic cell death inducers and can form diverse supramolecular structures, closely relating to their bioactivities. Herein, it is found for the first time that fatty chain is the key to maintain self-assembled form and antitumor activity of microbial-derived amphiphilic CLP bacillomycin Lb (B-Lb). Compared with B-Lb analogues assemblies without antitumor activity, B-Lb supramolecular self-assemblies (including nanomicelles, nanofibers, giant micrometer rods) can be generated in a multilevel and cross-scale manner and served as a methuosis-like cell death inducer triggered by cytoplasmic vacuolation through macropinocytosis in MDA-MB-231-Luc and MCF-7 cells and in vivo tumor-bearing mice. This study will promote constructing of customized CLP micro-/nanostructures with multipurposes and functions, and boost designing of new antitumor drugs as nonapoptotic cell death modulators based on structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
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Kwak D, Hammarström LGJ, Haraldsson M, Ernfors P. Glioblastoma cytotoxicity conferred through dual disruption of endolysosomal homeostasis by Vacquinol-1. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab152. [PMID: 34765974 PMCID: PMC8577523 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased membrane trafficking is observed in numerous cancer types, including glioblastoma. Targeting the oncogenic driven acquired alterations in membrane trafficking by synthetic cationic amphiphilic small molecules has recently been shown to induce death of glioblastoma cells, although the molecular targets are unknown. Methods The mechanism of action of the cationic amphiphilic drug Vacquinol-1 (Vacq1)-induced cytotoxicity was investigated using cell biology, biochemistry, functional experiments, chemical biology, unbiased antibody-based post-translation modification profiling, and mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomic analysis on patient-derived glioblastoma cells. Results Vacq1 induced two types of abnormal endolysosomal vesicles, enlarged vacuoles and acidic vesicle organelles (AVOs). Mechanistically, enlarged vacuoles were formed by the impairment of lysosome reformation through the direct interaction and inhibition of calmodulin (CaM) by Vacq1, while AVO formation was induced by Vacq1 accumulation and acidification in the endosomal compartments through its activation of the v-ATPase. As a consequence of v-ATPase activation, cellular ATP consumption markedly increased, causing cellular energy shortage and cytotoxicity. This effect of Vacq1 was exacerbated by its inhibitory effects on calmodulin, causing lysosomal depletion and a failure of acidic vesicle organelle clearance. Conclusion Our study identifies the targets of Vacq1 and the mechanisms underlying its selective cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. The dual function of Vacq1 sets in motion a glioblastoma-specific vicious cycle of ATP consumption resulting in cellular energy crisis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongoh Kwak
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars G J Hammarström
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Karsai G, Steiner R, Kaech A, Lone MA, von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. Metabolism of HSAN1- and T2DM-associated 1-deoxy-sphingolipids inhibits the migration of fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100122. [PMID: 34563520 PMCID: PMC8521209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is a rare axonopathy, characterized by a progressive loss of sensation (pain, temperature, and vibration), neuropathic pain, and wound healing defects. HSAN1 is caused by several missense mutations in the serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain base subunit 1 and serine palmitoyltransferase long-chain base subunit 2 of the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase-the key enzyme for the synthesis of sphingolipids. The mutations change the substrate specificity of serine palmitoyltransferase, which then forms an atypical class of 1-deoxy-sphinglipids (1-deoxySLs). Similarly, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also present with elevated 1-deoxySLs and a comparable clinical phenotype. The effect of 1-deoxySLs on neuronal cells was investigated in detail, but their impact on other cell types remains elusive. Here, we investigated the consequences of externally added 1-deoxySLs on the migration of fibroblasts in a scratch assay as a simplified cellular wound-healing model. We showed that 1-deoxy-sphinganine (1-deoxySA) inhibits the migration of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This was not seen for a non-native, L-threo stereoisomer. Supplemented 1-deoxySA was metabolized to 1-deoxy-(dihydro)ceramide and downstream to 1-deoxy-sphingosine. Inhibiting downstream metabolism by blocking N-acylation rescued the migration phenotype. In contrast, adding 1-deoxy-sphingosine had a lesser effect on cell migration but caused the massive formation of intracellular vacuoles. Further experiments showed that the effect on cell migration was primarily mediated by 1-deoxy-dihydroceramides rather than by the free base or 1-deoxyceramides. Based on these findings, we suggest that limiting the N-acylation of 1-deoxySA could be a therapeutic approach to improve cell migration and wound healing in patients with HSAN1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Karsai
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Steiner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Museer A Lone
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hassan R, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Dar MO, Shah AJ, Mir PA, Shaikh M, Pottoo FH. Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:551-565. [PMID: 34488596 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases, with an estimation of 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Glioma occurs in glial cells surrounding nerve cells. The majority of the patients with gliomas have a terminal prognosis, and the ailment has significant sway on patients and their families, be it physical, psychological, or economic wellbeing. As Glioma exhibits, both intra and inter tumour heterogeneity with multidrug resistance and current therapies are ineffective. So the development of safer anti gliomas agents is the need of hour. Bioactive heterocyclic compounds, eithernatural or synthetic,are of potential interest since they have been active against different targets with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. In addition, they can cross the biological barriers and thus interfere with various signalling pathways to induce cancer cell death. All these advantages make bioactive natural compounds prospective candidates in the management of glioma. In this review, we assessed various bioactive heterocyclic compounds, such as jaceosidin, hispudlin, luteolin, silibinin, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, didemnin B, thymoquinone, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cucurbitacins for their potential anti-glioma activity. Also, different kinds of chemical reactions to obtain various heterocyclic derivatives, e.g. indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoquinone, quinoline, quinazoline, pyrimidine, and triazine, are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062. India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001. India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam. Saudi Arabia
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40
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Fu L, Han BK, Meng FF, Wang JW, Wang TY, Li HJ, Sun YY, Zou GN, Li XR, Li W, Bi YF, Ke Y, Liu HM. Jaridon 6, a new diterpene from Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, can display anti-gastric cancer resistance by inhibiting SIRT1 and inducing autophagy. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5720-5733. [PMID: 34411362 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tumor resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and is associated with many tumor factors. Jaridon 6, a new diterpene extracted from Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, which has been previously extracted by our research team, has been tested having more obvious advantages in resistant tumor cells. However, its mechanism is unclear. In this study, we studied the effect and the specific mechanism of Jaridon 6 in resistant gastric cancer cells. Cytotoxicity test, colony test, western blotting, and nude test verified the anti-drug resistance ability of Jaridon 6 in the MGC803/PTX and MGC803/5-Fu cells. Jaridon 6 has shown obvious inhibitory effects in the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) enzyme test. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence tests further proved the autophagic action of Jaridon 6. Jaridon 6 could inhibit the proliferation of the resistant gastric cancer cell in vivo and in vitro. Jaridon 6 inhibited SIRT1 enzyme and induced autophagy by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Thus, it may be considered for treating gastric cancer resistance by individual or combined administration, as an SIRT1 inhibitor and autophagy inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bing-Kai Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fang-Feng Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Tian-Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hui-Ju Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Na Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yue-Feng Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Liu X, Wang S, Zheng H, Liu Q, Shen T, Wang X, Ren D. Epimedokoreanin C, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum, induces non-apoptotic cell death with the characteristics of methuosis in lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3496-3514. [PMID: 34354857 PMCID: PMC8332866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methuosis is a novel type of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Identification of molecules that induce methuosis may provide alternative therapeutics for cancers that are refractory to apoptosis. Epimedokoreanin C (EKC) is a prenylated flavonoid isolated from a Chinese herb Epimedium koreanum. In this article, we described that EKC reduced cell viability accompanied by extreme vacuolation in human lung cancer cells. The EKC-induced cell death was clarified as non-apoptosis based on the absence of apoptotic changes. The vacuoles stimulated by EKC were supposed to be derived from macropinocytosis based on the engulfment of extracellular fluid tracer, Lucifer Yellow. The vacuoles acquired some characteristics of late endosomes supported that EKC-induced cell death could be described as methuosis. Rac1 and Arf6 were found to be regulated inversely after EKC treatment. Blocking Rac1 activation with the specific Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864 prevented the accumulation of vacuoles induced by EKC markedly, suggested that the regulation of Rac1 and Arf6 was at least partial mechanism involved in EKC induced methuosis. EKC synergized the effects of doxorubicin and etoposide, demonstrating the effectiveness of using EKC to synergize conventional chemotherapy. Collectively, EKC was demonstrated as a methuosis-like cell death inducer in lung cancer NCI-H292 and A549 cells. It has the potential to be used as an attractive prototype for developing drugs that could kill apoptosis-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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42
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Wu J, Hu H, Ao M, Cui Z, Zhou X, Qin J, Guo Y, Chen J, Xue Y, Fang M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1 H-Indole-2-Carbohydrazide derivatives: the methuosis inducer 12A as a Novel and selective anticancer agent. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1436-1453. [PMID: 34229558 PMCID: PMC8266240 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1940992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and vacuole-inducing activity of 5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives, including five potent derivatives 12c, 12 g, 12i, 12n, and 12A that exhibit excellent vacuole-inducing activity. Remarkably, 12A effectively induces methuosis in tested cancer cells but not human normal cells. In addition, 12A exhibits high pan-cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines but is hardly toxic to normal cells. It is found that the 12A-induced vacuoles are derived from macropinosomes but not autophagosomes. The 12A-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles may originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and be accompanied by ER stress. The MAPK/JNK signalling pathway is involved in the 12A-induced methuotic cell death. Moreover, 12A exhibits significant inhibition of tumour growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. The excellent potency and selectivity of 12A prompt us to select it as a good lead compound for further development of methuosis inducers and investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi, China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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43
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Ritter M, Bresgen N, Kerschbaum HH. From Pinocytosis to Methuosis-Fluid Consumption as a Risk Factor for Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651982. [PMID: 34249909 PMCID: PMC8261248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumes of a cell [cell volume (CV)] and its organelles are adjusted by osmoregulatory processes. During pinocytosis, extracellular fluid volume equivalent to its CV is incorporated within an hour and membrane area equivalent to the cell's surface within 30 min. Since neither fluid uptake nor membrane consumption leads to swelling or shrinkage, cells must be equipped with potent volume regulatory mechanisms. Normally, cells respond to outwardly or inwardly directed osmotic gradients by a volume decrease and increase, respectively, i.e., they shrink or swell but then try to recover their CV. However, when a cell death (CD) pathway is triggered, CV persistently decreases in isotonic conditions in apoptosis and it increases in necrosis. One type of CD associated with cell swelling is due to a dysfunctional pinocytosis. Methuosis, a non-apoptotic CD phenotype, occurs when cells accumulate too much fluid by macropinocytosis. In contrast to functional pinocytosis, in methuosis, macropinosomes neither recycle nor fuse with lysosomes but with each other to form giant vacuoles, which finally cause rupture of the plasma membrane (PM). Understanding methuosis longs for the understanding of the ionic mechanisms of cell volume regulation (CVR) and vesicular volume regulation (VVR). In nascent macropinosomes, ion channels and transporters are derived from the PM. Along trafficking from the PM to the perinuclear area, the equipment of channels and transporters of the vesicle membrane changes by retrieval, addition, and recycling from and back to the PM, causing profound changes in vesicular ion concentrations, acidification, and-most importantly-shrinkage of the macropinosome, which is indispensable for its proper targeting and cargo processing. In this review, we discuss ion and water transport mechanisms with respect to CVR and VVR and with special emphasis on pinocytosis and methuosis. We describe various aspects of the complex mutual interplay between extracellular and intracellular ions and ion gradients, the PM and vesicular membrane, phosphoinositides, monomeric G proteins and their targets, as well as the submembranous cytoskeleton. Our aim is to highlight important cellular mechanisms, components, and processes that may lead to methuotic CD upon their derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ritter
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis und Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Hussein NA, Malla S, Pasternak MA, Terrero D, Brown NG, Ashby CR, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Tiwari AK. The role of endolysosomal trafficking in anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100769. [PMID: 34217999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle towards curative treatment of cancer. Despite considerable progress in delineating the basis of intrinsic and acquired MDR, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Emerging evidences suggest that dysregulation in endolysosomal compartments is involved in mediating MDR through multiple mechanisms, such as alterations in endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes, that traffic and biodegrade the molecular cargo through macropinocytosis, autophagy and endocytosis. For example, altered lysosomal pH, in combination with transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal biogenesis, increases the sequestration of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs that are weak bases, thereby producing an insufficient and off-target accumulation of anti-cancer drugs in MDR cancer cells. Thus, the use of well-tolerated, alkalinizing compounds that selectively block Vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) may be an important strategy to overcome MDR in cancer cells and increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Other mechanisms of endolysosomal-mediated drug resistance include increases in the expression of lysosomal proteases and cathepsins that are involved in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, blocking the trafficking and maturation of lysosomal proteases or direct inhibition of cathepsin activity in the cytosol may represent novel therapeutic modalities to overcome MDR. Furthermore, endolysosomal compartments involved in catabolic pathways, such as macropinocytosis and autophagy, are also shown to be involved in the development of MDR. Here, we review the role of endolysosomal trafficking in MDR development and discuss how targeting endolysosomal pathways could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Noah G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA.
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45
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Small Molecules of Marine Origin as Potential Anti-Glioma Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092707. [PMID: 34063013 PMCID: PMC8124757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are able to produce a plethora of small molecules with novel chemical structures and potent biological properties, being a fertile source for discovery of pharmacologically active compounds, already with several marine-derived agents approved as drugs. Glioma is classified by the WHO as the most common and aggressive form of tumor on CNS. Currently, Temozolomide is the only chemotherapeutic option approved by the FDA even though having some limitations. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of marine compounds described as anti-glioma agents in the last decade. Nearly fifty compounds were compiled in this document and organized accordingly to their marine sources. Highlights on the mechanism of action and ADME properties were included. Some of these marine compounds could be promising leads for the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives for glioma treatment.
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Gao X, Ji C, Wang J, Song X, Zuo R, Zhang J, Chen X, Ji H, Peng L, Guo D, Jiang S. Maduramicin induces cardiotoxicity via Rac1 signaling-independent methuosis in H9c2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1937-1951. [PMID: 33890316 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maduramicin frequently induces severe cardiotoxicity in target and nontarget animals in clinic. Apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death mediate its cardiotoxicity; however, the underlying non-apoptotic cell death induced by maduramicin remains unclear. In current study, a recently described non-apoptotic cell death "methuosis" caused by maduramicin was defined in mammalian cells. Rat myocardial cell H9c2 was used as an in vitro model, showing excessively cytoplasmic vacuolization upon maduramicin (0.0625-5 μg/mL) exposure for 24 h. Maduramicin-induced reversible cytoplasmic vacuolization of H9c2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The vacuoles induced by maduramicin were phase lucent with single membrane and were not derived from the swelling of organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, maduramicin-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles are generated from micropinocytosis, which was demonstrated by internalization of extracellular fluid-phase marker Dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 into H9c2 cells. Intriguingly, these cytoplasmic vacuoles acquired some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes rather than early endosomes and autophagosomes. Vacuolar H+ -ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 efficiently prevented the generation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and decreased the cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells triggered by maduramicin. Mechanism studying indicated that maduramicin activated H-Ras-Rac1 signaling pathway at both mRNA and protein levels. However, the pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of Rac1 rescued maduramicin-induced cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells but did not alleviate cytoplasmic vacuolization. Based on these findings, maduramicin induces methuosis in H9c2 cells via Rac-1 signaling-independent seriously cytoplasmic vacuolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhao Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runan Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Riess C, Koczan D, Schneider B, Linke C, Del Moral K, Classen CF, Maletzki C. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors exert distinct effects on patient-derived 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell culture models. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 33723248 PMCID: PMC7961149 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches have met limited clinical success for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since GBM harbors genomic alterations in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), targeting these structures with specific inhibitors (CDKis) is promising. Here, we describe the antitumoral potential of selective CDKi on low-passage GBM 2D- and 3D models, cultured as neurospheres (NSCs) or glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). By applying selective CDK4/6i abemaciclib and palbociclib, and the more global CDK1/2/5/9-i dinaciclib, different effects were seen. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib significantly affected viability in 2D- and 3D models with clearly visible changes in morphology. Palbociclib had weaker and cell line-specific effects. Motility and invasion were highly affected. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib additionally induced senescence. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen. While autophagy was predominantly visible after abemaciclib treatment, dinaciclib evoked γ-H2AX-positive double-strand breaks that were boosted by radiation. Notably, dual administration of dinaciclib and abemaciclib yielded synergistic effects in most cases, but the simultaneous combination with standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was antagonistic. RNA-based microarray analysis showed that gene expression was significantly altered by dinaciclib: genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (different CDKs and their cyclins, SMC3), mitosis (PLK1, TTK), transcription regulation (IRX3, MEN1), cell migration/division (BCAR1), and E3 ubiquitination ligases (RBBP6, FBXO32) were downregulated, whereas upregulation was seen in genes mediating chemotaxis (CXCL8, IL6, CCL2), and DNA-damage or stress (EGR1, ARC, GADD45A/B). In a long-term experiment, resistance development was seen in 1/5 cases treated with dinaciclib, but this could be prevented by abemaciclib. Vice versa, adding TMZ abrogated therapeutic effects of dinaciclib and growth was comparable to controls. With this comprehensive analysis, we confirm the therapeutic activity of selective CDKi in GBM. In addition to the careful selection of individual drugs, the timing of each combination partner needs to be considered to prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Strempelstraße 14, 18055 Rostock, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Linke
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Del Moral
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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48
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Dandawate P, Ahmed K, Padhye S, Ahmad A, Biersack B. Anticancer Active Heterocyclic Chalcones: Recent Developments. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:558-566. [PMID: 32628595 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705215722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chalcones are structurally simple compounds that are easily accessible by synthetic methods. Heterocyclic chalcones have gained the interest of scientists due to their diverse biological activities. The anti-tumor activities of heterocyclic chalcones are especially remarkable and the growing number of publications dealing with this topic warrants an up-to-date compilation. METHODS Search for antitumor active heterocyclic chalcones was carried out using Pubmed and Scifinder as common web-based literature searching tools. Pertinent and current literature was covered from 2015/2016 to 2019. Chemical structures, biological activities and modes of action of anti-tumor active heterocyclic chalcones are summarized. RESULTS Simply prepared chalcones have emerged over the last years with promising antitumor activities. Among them, there are a considerable number of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. But there are also new chalcones targeting special enzymes such as histone deacetylases or with DNA-binding properties. CONCLUSION This review provides a summary of recent heterocyclic chalcone derivatives with distinct antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Dandawate
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, 2390-B, K.B. Hidayatullah Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Khursheed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, 2390-B, K.B. Hidayatullah Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Subhash Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, 2390-B, K.B. Hidayatullah Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 9th Ave South, Birmingham AL 33294, United States
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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49
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Ornell KJ, Mistretta KS, Ralston CQ, Coburn JM. Development of a stacked, porous silk scaffold neuroblastoma model for investigating spatial differences in cell and drug responsiveness. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1272-1290. [PMID: 33336667 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of in vitro, preclinical cancer models that contain cell-driven microenvironments remains a challenge. Engineering of millimeter-scale, in vitro tumor models with spatially distinct regions that can be independently assessed to study tumor microenvironments has been limited. Here, we report the use of porous silk scaffolds to generate a high cell density neuroblastoma (NB) model that can spatially recapitulate changes resulting from cell and diffusion driven changes. Using COMSOL modeling, a scaffold holder design that facilitates stacking of thin, 200 μm silk scaffolds into a thick, bulk millimeter-scale tumor model (2, 4, 6, and 8 stacked scaffolds) and supports cell-driven oxygen gradients was developed. Cell-driven oxygen gradients were confirmed through pimonidazole staining. Post-culture, the stacked scaffolds were separated for analysis on a layer-by-layer basis. The analysis of each scaffold layer demonstrated decreasing DNA and increasing expression of hypoxia related genes (VEGF, CAIX, and GLUT1) from the exterior scaffolds to the interior scaffolds. Furthermore, the expression of hypoxia related genes at the interior of the stacks was comparable to that of a single scaffold cultured under 1% O2 and at the exterior of the stacks was comparable to that of a single scaffold cultured under 21% O2. The four-stack scaffold model underwent further evaluation to determine if a hypoxia activated drug, tirapazamine, induced reduced cell viability within the internal stacks (region of reduced oxygen) as compared with the external stacks. Decreased DNA content was observed in the internal stacks as compared to the external stacks when treated with tirapazamine, which suggests the internal scaffold stacks had higher levels of hypoxia than the external scaffolds. This stacked silk scaffold system presents a method for creating a single culture model capable of generating controllable cell-driven microenvironments through different stacks that can be individually assessed and used for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Ornell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Katelyn S Mistretta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Coulter Q Ralston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
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50
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Pańczyszyn E, Jaśko M, Miłek O, Niedziela M, Męcik-Kronenberg T, Hoang-Bujnowicz A, Zięba M, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M, Osyczka AM, Tylko G. Gellan gum hydrogels cross-linked with carbodiimide stimulates vacuolation of human tooth-derived stem cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105111. [PMID: 33588021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural polysaccharides are promising compounds for applications in regenerative medicine. Gellan gum (GG) is the bacteria-derived polysaccharide widely used in food industry. Simple modifications of its chemical properties make GG superior for the development of biocompatible hydrogels. Beside reversible cationic integration of GG chains, more efficient binding is accomplished with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC). However, the side-products of polymer cross-linking might affect viability and differentiation of stem cells introduced into the hydrogels. We found that O-acylisourea (EDU) stimulates autophagy-based vacuolation in both periodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells. 24-h treatment of cells with GG extracts cross-linked with 15 mM EDC developed large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Freshly prepared EDU (2-6 mM) but not 15 mM EDC solutions initiated vacuole development with concomitant reduction of cell viability/metabolism. Most of the vacuoles stained with acridine orange displayed highly acidic environment further confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot of the LC3 autophagy marker followed by a transmission electron microscopy indicated the process is autophagy-dependent. We propose that the high reactivity of EDU with intracellular components initiates autophagy, although the targets of EDU remain unknown. Nevertheless, a burst release of EDU from GG hydrogels might modulate negatively cellular processes and final effectiveness of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pańczyszyn
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Jaśko
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Miłek
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Matylda Niedziela
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja 13, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hoang-Bujnowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zięba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Anna M Osyczka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Tylko
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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