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Heger JI, Froehlich K, Pastuschek J, Schmidt A, Baer C, Mrowka R, Backsch C, Schleußner E, Markert UR, Schmidt A. Human serum alters cell culture behavior and improves spheroid formation in comparison to fetal bovine serum. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:57-65. [PMID: 29476836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as growth supplement for human cell and tissue culture is widely spread in basic research as well as in clinical approaches, although several limitations must be considered, such as unstable composition and availability, biosafety and ethical aspects. Regarding interspecies differences, xenogeneic growth factors may evoke incompatibilities and non-desired interactions with human cells resulting in imprecise outcome of human-relevant data. METHODS In this study the functionality of human serum (HS) has been investigated in comparison to FBS by assessing proliferation, migration and invasion of the human cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa. The effects of both sera on spheroid formation were analyzed microscopically. RESULTS Both, FBS and HS, stimulate cell proliferation and migration similarly, whereas HS significantly enhanced cell invasion. The spheroid formation assay revealed remarkable differences between both sera, especially for SiHa cells. While in FBS supplemented medium cells only formed loose aggregates, HS induced regularly shaped spheroids under all tested conditions. CONCLUSION We were able to demonstrate that HS and FBS differently influence behavior of cells in culture which may have an impact on experimental results, especially in 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I Heger
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Karolin Froehlich
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Pastuschek
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Schmidt
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christin Baer
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- KIMIII Department of Experimental Nephrology, University Hospital Jena, Am Nonnenplan 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Backsch
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - André Schmidt
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Schneider M, Kumar V, Nordstrøm LU, Feng L, Takeuchi H, Hao H, Luca VC, Garcia KC, Stanley P, Wu P, Haltiwanger RS. Inhibition of Delta-induced Notch signaling using fucose analogs. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:65-71. [PMID: 29176671 PMCID: PMC5726916 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a cell-surface receptor that controls cell-fate decisions and is regulated by O-glycans attached to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in its extracellular domain. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) modifies EGF repeats with O-fucose and is essential for Notch signaling. Constitutive activation of Notch signaling has been associated with a variety of human malignancies. Therefore, tools that inhibit Notch activity are being developed as cancer therapeutics. To this end, we screened L-fucose analogs for their effects on Notch signaling. Two analogs, 6-alkynyl and 6-alkenyl fucose, were substrates of Pofut1 and were incorporated directly into Notch EGF repeats in cells. Both analogs were potent inhibitors of binding to and activation of Notch1 by Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4, but not by Jag1. Mutagenesis and modeling studies suggest that incorporation of the analogs into EGF8 of Notch1 markedly reduces the ability of Delta ligands to bind and activate Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Lars Ulrik Nordstrøm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Huilin Hao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Vincent C. Luca
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Resistance to the nucleotide analogue cidofovir in HPV(+) cells: a multifactorial process involving UMP/CMP kinase 1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10386-401. [PMID: 26824416 PMCID: PMC4891127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for cervical cancer, and its role in head and neck carcinoma has been reported. No drug is approved for the treatment of HPV-related diseases but cidofovir (CDV) exhibits selective antiproliferative activity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of CDV-resistance (CDVR) in two HPV(+) (SiHaCDV and HeLaCDV) and one HPV(−) (HaCaTCDV) tumor cell lines. Quantification of CDV metabolites and analysis of the sensitivity profile to chemotherapeutics was performed. Transporters expression related to multidrug-resistance (MRP2, P-gp, BCRP) was also investigated. Alterations of CDV metabolism in SiHaCDV and HeLaCDV, but not in HaCaTCDV, emerged via impairment of UMP/CMPK1 activity. Mutations (P64T and R134M) as well as down-regulation of UMP/CMPK1 expression were observed in SiHaCDV and HeLaCDV, respectively. Altered transporters expression in SiHaCDV and/or HeLaCDV, but not in HaCaTCDV, was also noted. Taken together, these results indicate that CDVR in HPV(+) tumor cells is a multifactorial process.
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Qin Y, Tang X, Liu M. Tumor-Suppressor Gene NBPF1 Inhibits Invasion and PI3K/mTOR Signaling in Cervical Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 23:13-20. [PMID: 26802646 PMCID: PMC7842551 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14410238486766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of NBPF1 expression on cervical cancer cell invasion and apoptosis and to illustrate its potential mechanism. Human cervical cancer HeLa cells were transfected with the constructed siNBPF1 or pcDNA3.1-NBPF1 vectors. Effects of NBPF1 expression on cell invasion ability and cell apoptosis were analyzed using the Matrigel method and an Annexin V-FITC cell apoptosis kit, respectively. In addition, cell apoptosis-related proteins involved with the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway were analyzed using Western blot. Remediation experiments were conducted to verify the effects of NBPF1 expression on cell invasion and apoptosis. Compared to the control, mRNA and protein expressions of NBPF1 were significantly decreased when cells were transfected with siNBPF1 (p < 0.05), which was contrary to the results of cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-NBPF1. Overexpression of NBPF1 significantly suppressed HeLa cell invasion but promoted cell apoptosis (p < 0.05). Overexpression of NBPF1 performed a significant inhibitory role on PI3K/mTOR signal pathway expression, while NBPF1 was silenced, showing contrary results. Our data suggested that NBPF1 overexpression may be a suppressor for cervical cancer via affecting cell invasion and apoptosis through regulating PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. NBPF1 may be a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AnKang City Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
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Paradkar PH, Joshi JV, Mertia PN, Agashe SV, Vaidya RA. Role of cytokines in genesis, progression and prognosis of cervical cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 15:3851-64. [PMID: 24935564 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine research is currently at the forefront in cancer research. Deciphering the functions of these multiple small molecules, discovered within the cell and in intercellular spaces, with their abundance and pleotrophism, was initially a great challenge. Advances in analytical chemistry and molecular biology have made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological functions of these polypeptides/proteins which are called interleukins, chemokines, monokines, lymphokines and growth factors. With more than 5 million women contracting cervical cancer every year this cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity the world over, particularly in the developing countries. In more than 95% of cases it is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection which is persistent, particularly in those with a defective immune system. Although preventable, the mere magnitude of prevalence of HPV in the world population makes it a dominating current health hazard. The discovery of cytokine dysregulation in cervical cancer has spurted investigation into the possibility of using them as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cases at high risk of developing cancer. Their critical role in carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer is now being revealed to a great extent. From diagnostics to prognosis, and now with a possible role in therapeutics and prevention of cervical cancer, the cytokines are being evaluated in all anticancer approaches. This review endeavours to capture the essence of the astonishing journey of cytokine research in cervical neoplasia.
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The broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent cidofovir inhibits lung metastasis of virus-independent, FGF2-driven tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4633-48. [PMID: 25609197 PMCID: PMC4467104 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA-approved anti-DNA virus agent cidofovir (CDV) is being evaluated in phase II/III clinical trials for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors. However, previous observations had shown that CDV also inhibits the growth of vascular tumors induced by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-transformed FGF2-T-MAE cells. Here, we demonstrate that CDV inhibits metastasis induced by FGF2-driven, virus-independent tumor cells. Pre-treatment of luciferase-expressing FGF2-T-MAE cells with CDV reduced single cell survival and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and lung metastasis formation upon intravenous inoculation into SCID mice. This occurred in the absence of any effect on homing of FGF2-T-MAE cells to the lungs and on the growth of subconfluent cell cultures or subcutaneous tumors in mice. Accordingly, CDV protected against lung metastasis when given systemically after tumor cell injection. Lung metastases in CDV-treated mice showed reduced Ki67 expression and increased nuclear accumulation of p53, indicating that CDV inhibits metastasis by affecting single cell survival properties. The anti-metastatic potential of CDV was confirmed on B16-F10 melanoma cells, both in zebrafish embryos and mice. These findings suggest that CDV may have therapeutic potential as an anti-metastatic agent and warrants further study to select those tumor types that are most likely to benefit from CDV therapy.
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Drug-repositioning opportunities for cancer therapy: novel molecular targets for known compounds. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:190-199. [PMID: 26456577 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is gaining increasing attention in drug discovery because it represents a smart way to exploit new molecular targets of a known drug or target promiscuity among diverse diseases, for medical uses different from the one originally considered. In this review, we focus on known non-oncological drugs with new therapeutic applications in oncology, explaining the rationale behind this approach and providing practical evidence. Moving from incompleteness of the knowledge of drug-target interactions, particularly for older molecules, we highlight opportunities for repurposing compounds as cancer therapeutics, underling the biologically and clinically relevant affinities for new targets. Ideal candidates for repositioning can contribute to the therapeutically unmet need for more-efficient anticancer agents, including drugs that selectively target cancer stem cells.
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Andrei G, Topalis D, De Schutter T, Snoeck R. Insights into the mechanism of action of cidofovir and other acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against polyoma- and papillomaviruses and non-viral induced neoplasia. Antiviral Res 2014; 114:21-46. [PMID: 25446403 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) are well-known for their antiviral properties, three of them being approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (tenofovir), chronic hepatitis B (tenofovir and adefovir) or human cytomegalovirus retinitis (cidofovir). In addition, cidofovir is mostly used off-label for the treatment of infections caused by several DNA viruses other than cytomegalovirus, including papilloma- and polyomaviruses, which do not encode their own DNA polymerases. There is considerable interest in understanding why cidofovir is effective against these small DNA tumor viruses. Considering that papilloma- and polyomaviruses cause diseases associated either with productive infection (characterized by high production of infectious virus) or transformation (where only a limited number of viral proteins are expressed without synthesis of viral particles), it can be envisaged that cidofovir may act as antiviral and/or antiproliferative agent. The aim of this review is to discuss the advances in recent years in understanding the mode of action of ANPs as antiproliferative agents, given the fact that current data suggest that their use can be extended to the treatment of non-viral related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - D Topalis
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - T De Schutter
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
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