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Trier NH. Characterization of Peptide Antibodies by Epitope Mapping Using Resin-Bound and Soluble Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2821:179-193. [PMID: 38997489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3914-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Characterization of peptide antibodies through identification of their target epitopes is of utmost importance, as information about epitopes provide important knowledge, among others, for discovery and development of new therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics.This chapter describes a strategy for mapping of continuous peptide antibody epitopes using resin-bound and soluble peptides. The approach combines three different types of peptide sets for full characterization of peptide antibodies; (i) overlapping peptides, used to locate antigenic regions; (ii) truncated peptides, used to identify the minimal peptide length required for antibody binding; and (iii) substituted peptides, used to identify the key residues important for antibody binding and to determine the specific contribution of key residues. For initial screening, resin-bound peptides are used for epitope estimation, while soluble peptides subsequently are used for final epitope characterization and identification of critical hot spot residues. The combination of resin-bound peptides and soluble peptides for epitope mapping provides a time-saving and straightforward approach for characterization of antibodies recognizing continuous epitopes, which applies to peptide antibodies and occasionally antibodies directed to larger proteins as well.
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Wu S, Chen J, Teo BHD, Wee SYK, Wong MHM, Cui J, Chen J, Leong KP, Lu J. The axis of complement C1 and nucleolus in antinuclear autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196544. [PMID: 37359557 PMCID: PMC10288996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are heterogeneous self-reactive antibodies that target the chromatin network, the speckled, the nucleoli, and other nuclear regions. The immunological aberration for ANA production remains partially understood, but ANA are known to be pathogenic, especially, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most SLE patients exhibit a highly polygenic disease involving multiple organs, but in rare complement C1q, C1r, or C1s deficiencies, the disease can become largely monogenic. Increasing evidence point to intrinsic autoimmunogenicity of the nuclei. Necrotic cells release fragmented chromatins as nucleosomes and the alarmin HMGB1 is associated with the nucleosomes to activate TLRs and confer anti-chromatin autoimmunogenecity. In speckled regions, the major ANA targets Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro contain snRNAs that confer autoimmunogenecity to Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro antigens. Recently, three GAR/RGG-containing alarmins have been identified in the nucleolus that helps explain its high autoimmunogenicity. Interestingly, C1q binds to the nucleoli exposed by necrotic cells to cause protease C1r and C1s activation. C1s cleaves HMGB1 to inactive its alarmin activity. C1 proteases also degrade many nucleolar autoantigens including nucleolin, a major GAR/RGG-containing autoantigen and alarmin. It appears that the different nuclear regions are intrinsically autoimmunogenic by containing autoantigens and alarmins. However, the extracellular complement C1 complex function to dampen nuclear autoimmunogenecity by degrading these nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Heng Dennis Teo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Yin Kelly Wee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Millie Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khai Pang Leong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Fang K, Li C, Wang J. An automatic immunofluorescence pattern classification framework for HEp-2 image based on supervised learning. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad144. [PMID: 37088980 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence patterns of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) on human epithelial cell (HEp-2) substrates are important biomarkers for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. There are growing clinical requirements for an automatic readout and classification of ANA immunofluorescence patterns for HEp-2 images following the taxonomy recommended by the International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody Patterns (ICAP). In this study, a comprehensive collection of HEp-2 specimen images covering a broad range of ANA patterns was established and manually annotated by experienced laboratory experts. By utilizing a supervised learning methodology, an automatic immunofluorescence pattern classification framework for HEp-2 specimen images was developed. The framework consists of a module for HEp-2 cell detection and cell-level feature extraction, followed by an image-level classifier that is capable of recognizing all 14 classes of ANA immunofluorescence patterns as recommended by ICAP. Performance analysis indicated an accuracy of 92.05% on the validation dataset and 87% on an independent test dataset, which has surpassed the performance of human examiners on the same test dataset. The proposed framework is expected to contribute to the automatic ANA pattern recognition in clinical laboratories to facilitate efficient and precise diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Oumeng Medical Diagnostics (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Kokubu H, Tsukamoto Y, Takahashi T, Muro Y, Fujimoto N. Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis with myositis showing drug-induced liver injury and thrombotic microangiopathy. Int J Rheum Dis 2023. [PMID: 36808881 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Kokubu
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yudai Tsukamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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CENP-F-dependent DRP1 function regulates APC/C activity during oocyte meiosis I. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7732. [PMID: 36513638 PMCID: PMC9747930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is initiated by cohesin degradation, which is driven by anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Chromosome cohesin is removed by activated separase, with the degradation of securin and cyclinB1. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a component of the mitochondrial fission machinery, is related to cyclin dynamics in mitosis progression. Here, we show that DRP1 is recruited to the kinetochore by centromeric Centromere protein F (CENP-F) after nuclear envelope breakdown in mouse oocytes. Loss of DRP1 during prometaphase leads to premature cohesin degradation and chromosome segregation. Importantly, acute DRP1 depletion activates separase by initiating cyclinB1 and securin degradation during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Finally, we demonstrate that DRP1 is bound to APC2 to restrain the E3 ligase activity of APC/C. In conclusion, DRP1 is a CENP-F-dependent atypical spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) protein that modulates metaphase-to-anaphase transition by controlling APC/C activity during meiosis I in oocytes.
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Abstract
Centromeric proteins are the foundation for assembling the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex that is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Anti-centromere antibodies (ACAs) are polyclonal autoantibodies targeting centromeric proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B, CENP-C), predominantly CENP-B, and are highly associated with rheumatologic disease (lcSSc/CREST syndrome). CENP-B autoantibodies have also been reported in cancer patients without symptoms of rheumatologic disease. The rise of oncoimmunotherapy stimulates inquiry into how and why anti-CENP-B autoantibodies are formed. In this review, we describe the clinical correlations between anti-CENP-B autoantibodies, rheumatologic disease, and cancer; the molecular features of CENP-B; possible explanations for autoantigenicity; and, finally, a possible mechanism for induction of autoantibody formation.
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Ćerimagić A, Džananović N. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) patterns in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration during the course of disease and treatment protocols - A case report. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100034. [PMID: 32743519 PMCID: PMC7388409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare disease that is triggered by an abnormal immune response to a malignant tumor by cross-reaction of antibodies. The low prevalence of this condition has not allowed for large-scale randomized controlled trials. Suspecting a paraneoplastic syndrome followed by rapid diagnosis is crucial before the symptoms irreversibely progress. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with HEp-2 cells is currently the most widely used screening technique for the detection of a wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmatic autoantibodies. Here, we present a case of a female Caucasian patient, 61 years of age, who started having sudden symptoms of PCD starting April 2016 that progressed through the course of 10 months before the final diagnosis. Assuming that antinuclear antibodies (ANA) testing could give rise to suspicion of an underlying malignancy but also to an underlying autoimmune etiology of PCD, we followed the ANA patterns of the patient during the course of disease and treatment protocols. A total of four ANA follow ups were done on serum dilution 1:100 and all showed weak positive results on hepatic cells and a mix of similar patterns that, through the course of time, differed slightly on HEp-2 cells. Finding positive antinuclear or anticytoplasmic auto-antibodies might guide toward an extensive and useless search for a systemic autoimmune disease ignoring the possibility of searching for paraneoplastic-specific antibodies. An unspecified mix of patterns should not be ignored and might, through further research, show to be more valuable in the ANA screening than is the case now. Weak positive results should not mislead into thinking that there is no overall effect on health, since quite the opposite was the case here. In our example, neither the tumor response to treatment, neurological presentation nor the immunological treatment had a strong effect on the ANA patterns which remained almost identical throughout the course of disease and treatment. Ultrastructural and molecular events in the pathogenesis of the disease could have caused certain minor changes in the pattern but are not of clinical value at the moment and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ćerimagić
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - N Džananović
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Association of serum anti-centromere protein F antibodies with clinical response to infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:1101-1108. [PMID: 32920323 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients demonstrate no clinical improvement after receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). The presence of serum autoantibodies is a hallmark in RA and may provide information on future response to treatment. The aim of this prospective study was to search for novel serum autoantibodies useful to predict clinical response to TNFi. METHODS The autoantibody repertoire was profiled on RA patients treated with TNFi as a first line of biologic therapy (N = 185), who were recruited in three independent cohorts. The presence and levels of autoantibodies in serum at baseline were analysed in association with the clinical response after 24 weeks follow-up. A multiplex bead array built using antigens selected from an initial untargeted screening was employed to identify the autoantibodies on a discovery cohort (N = 50) and to verify and validate the results on verification (N = 61) and validation (N = 74) cohorts. Non-parametric tests, meta-analysis and Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) were performed in order to assess the clinical relevance of the observed findings. RESULTS Novel autoantibodies were associated with the clinical response to TNFi, showing different reactivity profiles among the different TNFi. The baseline levels of IgG antibodies against Centromere protein F (CENPF), a protein related to cell proliferation, were significantly (p<0.05) increased in responders (N = 111) to infliximab (IFX) compared to non-responders (N = 44). The addition of anti-CENPF antibodies to demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, DAS28-ESR) resulted in the best model to discriminate responders, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.756 (95% CI [0.639-0.874], p = 0.001). A further meta-analysis demonstrated the significant association of anti-CENPF levels with the patient's subsequent response to IFX, showing a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.65 (95% CI [-1.02;-0. 27], p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals for the first time the potential of circulating anti-CENPF antibodies to predict the clinical response to IFX before starting the treatment. This finding could be potentially useful to guide therapeutic decisions and may lead to further studies focusing on the role of CENPF on RA pathology.
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Zhou CJ, Wang XY, Han Z, Wang DH, Ma YZ, Liang CG. Loss of CENPF leads to developmental failure in mouse embryos. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2784-2799. [PMID: 31478449 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1661173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy caused by abnormal chromosome segregation during early embryo development leads to embryonic death or congenital malformation. Centromere protein F (CENPF) is a member of centromere protein family that regulates chromosome segregation during mitosis. However, its necessity in early embryo development has not been fully investigated. In this study, expression and function of CENPF was investigated in mouse early embryogenesis. Detection of CENPF expression and localization revealed a cytoplasm, spindle and nuclear membrane related dynamic pattern throughout mitotic progression. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) was employed to inhibit CENPF farnesylation in zygotes. The results showed that CENPF degradation was inhibited and its specific localization on nuclear membranes in morula and blastocyst vanished after FTI treatment. Also, CAAX motif mutation leads to failure of CENPF-C630 localization in morula and blastocyst. These results indicate that farnesylation plays a key role during CENPF degradation and localization in early embryos. To further assess CENPF function in parthenogenetic or fertilized embryos development, morpholino (MO) and Trim-Away were used to disturb CENPF function. CENPF knockdown in Metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes or embryos with MO approach resulted in failure to develop into morulae and blastocysts, revealing its indispensable role in both parthenogenetic and fertilized embryos. Disturbing of CENPF with Trim-Away approach in zygotes resulted in impaired development of 2-cell and 4-cell, but did not affect the morula and blastocyst formation because of the recovered expression of CENPF. Taken together, our data suggest CENPF plays an important role during early embryonic development in mice. Abbreviation: CENPF: centromere protein F; MO: morpholino; FTI: Farnesyltransferase inhibitor; CENPE: centromere protein E; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MII: metaphase II; SAC: spindle assembly checkpoint; Mad1: mitotic arrest deficient 1; BUB1: budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1; BUBR1: BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B; Cdc20: cell division cycle 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Zhou
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhen Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
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Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, Conrad K, Francescantonio PLC, Fritzler MJ, Garcia de la Torre I, Herold M, Klotz W, Cruvinel WDM, Mimori T, von Muhlen C, Satoh M, Chan EK. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:879-889. [PMID: 30862649 PMCID: PMC6585284 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) on HEp-2 cells is widely used for detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The dichotomous outcome, negative or positive, is integrated in diagnostic and classification criteria for several systemic autoimmune diseases. However, the HEp-2 IIFA test has much more to offer: besides the titre or fluorescence intensity, it also provides fluorescence pattern(s). The latter include the nucleus and the cytoplasm of interphase cells as well as patterns associated with mitotic cells. The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) initiative has previously reached consensus on the nomenclature and definitions of HEp-2 IIFA patterns. In the current paper, the ICAP consensus is presented on the clinical relevance of the 29 distinct HEp-2 IIFA patterns. This clinical relevance is primarily defined within the context of the suspected disease and includes recommendations for follow-up testing. The discussion includes how this information may benefit the clinicians in daily practice and how the knowledge can be used to further improve diagnostic and classification criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Orlando Gabriel Carballo
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Immunology, Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Immunology, Medical Faculty TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Manfred Herold
- Rheumatology Unit, Clinical Department of General Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Edward K Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Trier NH, Holm BE, Heiden J, Slot O, Locht H, Jensen B, Lindegaard H, Svendsen A, Nielsen CT, Jacobsen S, Theander E, Houen G. The use of synthetic peptides for detection of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Methods 2018; 454:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loftus KM, Cui H, Coutavas E, King DS, Ceravolo A, Pereiras D, Solmaz SR. Mechanism for G2 phase-specific nuclear export of the kinetochore protein CENP-F. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1414-1429. [PMID: 28723232 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1338218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein F (CENP-F) is a component of the kinetochore and a regulator of cell cycle progression. CENP-F recruits the dynein transport machinery and orchestrates several cell cycle-specific transport events, including transport of the nucleus, mitochondria and chromosomes. A key regulatory step for several of these functions is likely the G2 phase-specific export of CENP-F from the nucleus to the cytosol, where the cytoplasmic dynein transport machinery resides; however, the molecular mechanism of this process is elusive. Here, we have identified 3 phosphorylation sites within the bipartite classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) of CENP-F. These sites are specific for cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), which is active in G2 phase. Phosphomimetic mutations of these residues strongly diminish the interaction of the CENP-F cNLS with its nuclear transport receptor karyopherin α. These mutations also diminish nuclear localization of the CENP-F cNLS in cells. Notably, the cNLS is phosphorylated in the -1 position, which is important to orient the adjacent major motif for binding into its pocket on karyopherin α. We propose that localization of CENP-F is regulated by a cNLS, and a nuclear export pathway, resulting in nuclear localization during most of interphase. In G2 phase, the cNLS is weakened by phosphorylation through Cdk1, likely resulting in nuclear export of CENP-F via the still active nuclear export pathway. Once CENP-F resides in the cytosol, it can engage in pathways that are important for cell cycle progression, kinetochore assembly and the faithful segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Loftus
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , New York , NY , USA
| | - Heying Cui
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , New York , NY , USA
| | - Elias Coutavas
- b Laboratory of Cell Biology , The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA
| | - David S King
- c Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Amanda Ceravolo
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , New York , NY , USA
| | - Dylan Pereiras
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , New York , NY , USA
| | - Sozanne R Solmaz
- a Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , New York , NY , USA
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Fang B, Zhang M, Fan X, Ren F. The targeted proteins in tumor cells treated with the α-lactalbumin–oleic acid complex examined by descriptive and quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5991-6004. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Moghaddas F, Joshua F, Taylor R, Fritzler MJ, Toh BH. Autoantibodies directed to centromere protein F in a patient with BRCA1 gene mutation. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:84. [PMID: 26868636 PMCID: PMC4750191 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies directed to centromere protein F were first reported in 1993 and their association with malignancy has been well documented. Case We present the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian female with a BRCA1 gene mutation associated with bilateral breast cancer. Antinuclear autoantibody immunofluorescence performed for workup of possible inflammatory arthropathy showed a high titre cell cycle related nuclear speckled pattern, with subsequent confirmation by addressable laser bead immunoassay of the target antigen as an immunodominant epitope at the C-terminus of centromere protein F. Conclusion Here we review the current literature on centromere protein F, its association with breast cancer and present the first case of this antibody being identified in a person with a BRCA1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrick Joshua
- Department of Rheumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Ban Hock Toh
- Australian Clinical Laboratories, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Jalan S, Kanhaiya K, Rai A, Bandapalli OR, Yadav A. Network Topologies Decoding Cervical Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135183. [PMID: 26308848 PMCID: PMC4550414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the GLOBOCAN statistics, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. It is found to be gradually increasing in the younger population, specifically in the developing countries. We analyzed the protein-protein interaction networks of the uterine cervix cells for the normal and disease states. It was found that the disease network was less random than the normal one, providing an insight into the change in complexity of the underlying network in disease state. The study also portrayed that, the disease state has faster signal processing as the diameter of the underlying network was very close to its corresponding random control. This may be a reason for the normal cells to change into malignant state. Further, the analysis revealed VEGFA and IL-6 proteins as the distinctly high degree nodes in the disease network, which are known to manifest a major contribution in promoting cervical cancer. Our analysis, being time proficient and cost effective, provides a direction for developing novel drugs, therapeutic targets and biomarkers by identifying specific interaction patterns, that have structural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jalan
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Krishna Kanhaiya
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Aparna Rai
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alok Yadav
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 452017, India
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Ayyappan S, Day T, Kiers L. Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:928-31. [PMID: 25387811 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paraneoplastic neuropathies are well recognized as a remote effect of cancer, and subacute sensory neuronopathy is a recognized syndrome. Demyelinating neuropathies are relatively rare. Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy associated with lymphoproliferative disease has been reported previously. We present the association of DADS neuropathy with solid tumor. METHODS We report the clinical presentation, electrophysiology, and progress of DADS neuropathy in a patient later found to have colorectal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS A patient presented with subacute onset of symmetric distal sensory and motor symptoms. Electrophysiology was typical of DADS neuropathy. Anti-MAG antibodies were initially positive at low titer, and indirect immunofluorescence analysis for anti-nuclear antibodies revealed autoantibodies to centromere nuclear protein-F (CENP-F). There was clinical and electrophysiologic resolution after tumor resection. CONCLUSIONS This case describes the presentation of DADS neuropathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient later found to have colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Ayyappan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Timothy Day
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Lynette Kiers
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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Trier NH. Characterization of Peptide Antibodies by Epitope Mapping Using Resin-Bound and Soluble Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1348:229-39. [PMID: 26424276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2999-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of peptide antibodies through identification of their target epitopes is of utmost importance. Understanding antibody specificity at the amino acid level provides the key to understand the specific interaction between antibodies and their epitopes and their use as research and diagnostic tools as well as therapeutic agents. This chapter describes a straightforward strategy for mapping of continuous peptide antibody epitopes using resin-bound and soluble peptides. The approach combines three different types of peptide sets for full characterization of peptide antibodies: (1) overlapping peptides, used to locate antigenic regions; (2) truncated peptides, used to identify the minimal peptide length required for antibody binding; and (3) substituted peptides, used to identify the key residues important for antibody binding and to determine the specific contribution of key residues. For initial screening resin-bound peptides are used for epitope estimation, while soluble peptides subsequently are used for fine mapping. The combination of resin-bound peptides and soluble peptides for epitope mapping provides a time-sparing and straightforward approach for characterization of peptide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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