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Metformin Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Cells Accompanied by Changes in the Levels of Histone Acetyltransferases (Particularly, p300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF) Protein Levels). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010115. [PMID: 36678613 PMCID: PMC9863441 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence (mainly from experimental research) suggests that metformin possesses anticancer properties through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effect on the enzymes responsible for histone acetylation status, which plays a key role in carcinogenesis, remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of metformin on histone acetyltransferases (HATs) (i.e., p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), p300, and CBP) and on histone deacetylases (HDACs) (i.e., SIRT-1 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, 1.2B4, and PANC-1). The cells were exposed to metformin, an HAT inhibitor (HATi), or a combination of an HATi with metformin for 24, 48, or 72 h. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay, and the percentage of early apoptotic cells was determined with an Annexin V-Cy3 Apoptosis Detection Assay Kit. Caspase-9 activity was also assessed. SIRT-1, PCAF, p300, and CBP expression were determined at the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting methods, respectively. Our results reveal an increase in caspase-9 in response to the metformin, indicating that it induced the apoptotic death of both 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. The number of cells in early apoptosis and the activity of caspase-9 decreased when treated with an HATi alone or a combination of an HATi with metformin, as compared to metformin alone. Moreover, metformin, an HATi, and a combination of an HATi with metformin also modified the mRNA expression of SIRT-1, PCAF, CBP, and p300. However, metformin did not change the expression of the studied genes in 1.2B4 cells. The results of the Western blot analysis showed that metformin diminished the protein expression of PCAF in both the 1.2B4 and PANC-1 cells. Hence, it appears possible that PCAF may be involved in the metformin-mediated apoptosis of PC cells.
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Yin Y, Zhou Y, Yang X, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, Yan H, He Q. The participation of non-canonical autophagic proteins in the autophagy process and their potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:71-86. [PMID: 36735300 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that helps recycle intracellular components to maintain homeostasis. The completion of autophagy requires the synergistic effect of multiple canonical autophagic proteins. Defects in autophagy machinery have been reported to promote diseases, rendering autophagy a bone fide health-modifying agent. However, the clinical implication of canonical pan-autophagic activators or inhibitors has often led to undesirable side effects, making it urgent to find a safer autophagy-related therapeutic target. The discovery of non-canonical autophagic proteins has been found to specifically affect the development of diseases without causing a universal impact on autophagy and has shed light on finding a safer way to utilize autophagy in the therapeutic context. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recently discovered non-canonical autophagic proteins, how these proteins influence autophagy, and their potential therapeutic role in the disease due to their interaction with autophagy. EXPERT OPINION Several therapies have been studied thus far and continued research is needed to identify the potential that non-canonical autophagic proteins have for treating certain diseases. In the meantime, continue to uncover new non-canonical autophagic proteins and examine which are likely to have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yourong Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Zheng X, Gai X, Ding F, Lu Z, Tu K, Yao Y, Liu Q. Correction: Histone acetyltransferase PCAF Up-regulated cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via acetylating histone H4 and inactivating AKT signaling. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:187. [PMID: 36171590 PMCID: PMC9520941 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Gai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feihu Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongtang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Xia JK, Qin XQ, Zhang L, Liu SJ, Shi XL, Ren HZ. Roles and regulation of histone acetylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:982222. [PMID: 36092874 PMCID: PMC9452893 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.982222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the liver, but its prognosis is poor. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mode that modulates chromatin structure and transcriptional status to control gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Generally, histone acetylation and deacetylation processes are controlled by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Dysregulation of histone modification is reported to drive aberrant transcriptional programmes that facilitate liver cancer onset and progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that several HDAC inhibitors exert tumor-suppressive properties via activation of various cell death molecular pathways in HCC. However, the complexity involved in the epigenetic transcription modifications and non-epigenetic cellular signaling processes limit their potential clinical applications. This review brings an in-depth view of the oncogenic mechanisms reported to be related to aberrant HCC-associated histone acetylation, which might provide new insights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-kun Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-qian Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-zhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Su R, Wu X, Tao L, Wang C. The role of epigenetic modifications in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:521-539. [PMID: 35429301 PMCID: PMC9338907 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the major contributor to the high mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). To overcome the poor prognosis caused by distant metastasis, the mechanisms of CRC metastasis should be further explored. Epigenetic events are the main mediators of gene regulation and further affect tumor progression. Recent studies have found that some epigenetic enzymes are often dysregulated or mutated in multiple tumor types, which prompted us to study the roles of these enzymes in CRC metastasis. In this review, we summarized the alteration of enzymes related to various modifications, including histone modification, nonhistone modification, DNA methylation, and RNA methylation, and their epigenetic mechanisms during the progression of CRC metastasis. Existing data suggest that targeting epigenetic enzymes is a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Su
- Department of pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changshan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Lu J, He X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li W. Acetylation in Tumor Immune Evasion Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771588. [PMID: 34880761 PMCID: PMC8645962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is considered as one of the most common types of epigenetic modifications, and aberrant histone acetylation modifications are associated with the pathological process of cancer through the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that immune system function and tumor immunity can also be affected by acetylation modifications. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acetylation function in cancer is essential, which may help to develop new therapies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we mainly discussed the functions of acetylase and deacetylase in tumor, immune system and tumor immunity, and listed the information of drugs targeting these enzymes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Qiu L, Liu X, Li W, Liu Z, Xu C, Xia H. Downregulation of p300/CBP-associated factor inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10224-10235. [PMID: 34601814 PMCID: PMC8572777 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the main reason of cardiac injury after myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI), but the role of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) on myocardial apoptosis in MIRI is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the main mechanism of PCAF modulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis in MIRI. The MIRI model was constructed by ligation of the rat left anterior descending coronary vessel for 30 min and reperfusion for 24 h in vivo. H9c2 cells were harvested after induced by hypoxia for 6 h and then reoxygenation for 24 h (H/R) in vitro. The RNA interference PCAF expression adenovirus was transfected into rat myocardium and H9c2 cells. The area of myocardial infarction, cardiac function, myocardial injury marker levels, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were detected respectively. Both I/R and H/R remarkably upregulated the expression of PCAF, and downregulation of PCAF significantly attenuated myocardial apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by I/R and H/R. In addition, downregulation of PCAF inhibited the activation of NF-κB signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes undergoing H/R. Pretreatment of lipopolysaccharide, a NF-κB pathway activator, could blunt these protective effects of PCAF downregulation on myocardial apoptosis in MIRI. These results highlight that downregulation of PCAF could reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, thereby providing protection for MIRI. Therefore, PCAF might be a promising target for protecting against cardiac dysfunction induced by MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Alsamri H, Hasasna HE, Baby B, Alneyadi A, Dhaheri YA, Ayoub MA, Eid AH, Vijayan R, Iratni R. Carnosol Is a Novel Inhibitor of p300 Acetyltransferase in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664403. [PMID: 34055630 PMCID: PMC8155611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosol, a natural polyphenol abundant in edible plants such as sage, rosemary, and oregano, has shown promising anticancer activity against various types of cancers. Nonetheless, very little is known about its molecular mechanism of action or its downstream target(s). We have previously shown that carnosol inhibits cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis as well as triggers autophagy and apoptosis in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we report that carnosol induces histone hypoacetylation in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. We show that, while carnosol does not affect HDACs, it promotes a ROS-dependent proteasome degradation of p300 and PCAF histone acetyl transferases (HATs) without affecting other HATs such as GCN5 and hMOF. Carnosol-induced histone hypoacetylation remains persistent even when p300 and PCAF protein levels were rescued from degradation by (i) the inhibition of the proteasome activity by the proteasome inhibitors MG-132 and bortezomib, and (ii) the inhibition of ROS accumulation by the ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. In addition, we report that, in a cell-free system, carnosol efficiently inhibits histone acetyltransferase activity of recombinant p300 but not that of PCAF or GCN5. Molecular docking studies reveal that carnosol inhibits p300 HAT activity by blocking the entry of the acetyl-CoA binding pocket of the catalytic domain. The superimposition of the docked conformation of the p300 HAT domain in complex with carnosol shows a similar orientation as the p300 structure with acetyl-CoA. Carnosol occupies the region where the pantetheine arm of the acetyl-CoA is bound. This study further confirms carnosol as a promising anti-breast cancer therapeutic compound and identifies it as a novel natural p300 inhibitor that could be added to the existing panel of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Alsamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain El Hasasna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bincy Baby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Alneyadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusra Al Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Mungamuri SK, Nagasuryaprasad K. Epigenetic mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Potential therapeutic opportunities. EPIGENETICS AND METABOLOMICS 2021:279-296. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85652-2.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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10
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The Role of Histone Acetylation-/Methylation-Mediated Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238894. [PMID: 33255318 PMCID: PMC7727670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, an inheritable phenomenon, which influences the expression of gene without altering the DNA sequence, offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is projected to account for a significant share of HCC incidence due to the growing prevalence of various metabolic disorders. One of the major molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation, post-translational histone modification seems to coordinate various aspects of NASH which will further progress to HCC. Mounting evidence suggests that the orchestrated events of cellular and nuclear changes during apoptosis can be regulated by histone modifications. This review focuses on the current advances in the study of acetylation-/methylation-mediated histone modification in apoptosis and the implication of these epigenetic regulations in HCC. The reversibility of epigenetic alterations and the agents that can target these alterations offers novel therapeutic approaches and strategies for drug development. Further molecular mechanistic studies are required to enhance information governing these epigenetic modulators, which will facilitate the design of more effective diagnosis and treatment options.
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Shanmugam MK, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S, Bishayee A, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Role of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors in cancer therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 125:149-191. [PMID: 33931138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of cancer is a complex phenomenon driven by various extrinsic as well as intrinsic risk factors including epigenetic modifications. These post-translational modifications are encountered in diverse cancer cells and appear for a relatively short span of time. These changes can significantly affect various oncogenic genes and proteins involved in cancer initiation and progression. Histone lysine acetylation and deacetylation processes are controlled by two opposing classes of enzymes that modulate gene regulation either by adding an acetyl moiety on a histone lysine residue by histone lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) or via removing it by histone deacetylases (KDACs). Deregulated KAT activity has been implicated in the development of several diseases including cancer and can be targeted for the development of anti-neoplastic drugs. Here, we describe the predominant epigenetic changes that can affect key KAT superfamily members during carcinogenesis and briefly highlight the pharmacological potential of employing lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors (KATi) for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunasalam Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lu YF, Xu XP, Lu XP, Zhu Q, Liu G, Bao YT, Wen H, Li YL, Gu W, Zhu WG. SIRT7 activates p53 by enhancing PCAF-mediated MDM2 degradation to arrest the cell cycle. Oncogene 2020; 39:4650-4665. [PMID: 32404984 PMCID: PMC7286819 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, plays vital roles in energy sensing, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain less clear. Here, we report that SIRT7 is required for p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest during glucose deprivation. We show that SIRT7 directly interacts with p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and the affinity for this interaction increases during glucose deprivation. Upon binding, SIRT7 deacetylates PCAF at lysine 720 (K720), which augments PCAF binding to murine double minute (MDM2), the p53 E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to accelerated MDM2 degradation. This effect results in upregulated expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor, p21Waf1/Cip1, which further leads to cell-cycle arrest and decreased cell viability. These data highlight the importance of the SIRT7–PCAF interaction in regulating p53 activity and cell-cycle progression during conditions of glucose deprivation. This axis may represent a new avenue to design effective therapeutics based on tumor starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan-Tao Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - He Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying-Lu Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
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13
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Chen D, Lu D, Liu H, Xue E, Zhang Y, Shang P, Pan X. Pharmacological blockade of PCAF ameliorates osteoarthritis development via dual inhibition of TNF-α-driven inflammation and ER stress. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:395-407. [PMID: 31735552 PMCID: PMC6921217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic mechanisms have been reported to play key roles in osteoarthritis (OA) development. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is a member of the histone acetyltransferases, which exhibits a strong relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signals. Salidroside, a natural histone acetylation inhibitor, showed its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia cells in our previous study. However, whether Sal has a protective effect against OA remains unknown, and its relationships to PCAF, NF-κB, and the ER stress pathway should be explored further. Methods We identified the role of PCAF in the pathogenesis of OA and determined the chondroprotective effect of Sal on both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-treated human chondrocytes and a destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA model. Findings We found increased PCAF expression in human OA cartilage and TNF-α-driven chondrocytes. Meanwhile, silencing of PCAF attenuated nuclear p65 and C/EBP homologous protein levels in chondrocytes upon TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, Sal was found to specifically bind to the inhibitory site of the PCAF protein structure, which subsequently reversed the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signal and ER stress-related apoptosis in chondrocytes. In addition, the protective effect of Sal and its inhibitory effects on PCAF as well as inflammatory- and ER stress-related markers were also observed in the mouse DMM model. Interpretation Pharmacological blockade of PCAF by Sal ameliorates OA development via inhibition of inflammation and ER stress, which makes Sal a promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Enxing Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ping Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Ghanbari M, Safaralizadeh R, Mohammadi K. A Review on Important Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Enzymes as Targets for Cancer Therapy. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180720152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At the present time, cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There are various factors involved in the development of cancer, including genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and so on. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic factors have a critical role in the initiation and development of tumors. The histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs are important mechanisms that regulate the status of chromatin structure and this regulation leads to the control of gene expression. The histone acetylation is conducted by histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs), which are involved in transferring an acetyl group to conserved lysine amino acids of histones and consequently increase gene expression. On the basis of similarity in catalytic domains of HATs, these enzymes are divided into different groups such as families of GNAT, MYST, P300/CBP, SRC/P160, and so on. These enzymes have effective roles in apoptosis, signaling pathways, metastasis, cell cycle, DNA repair and other related mechanisms deregulated in cancer. Abnormal activation of HATs leads to uncontrolled amplification of cells and incidence of malignancy signs. This indicates that HAT might be an important target for effective cancer treatments, and hence there would be a need for further studies and designing of therapeutic drugs on this basis. In this study, we have reviewed the important roles of HATs in different human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiyanoush Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Profiling of Epigenetic Features in Clinical Samples Reveals Novel Widespread Changes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050723. [PMID: 31137727 PMCID: PMC6562406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), as well as in the histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) that catalyze their deposition and removal, have been reported in many tumors and many epigenetic inhibitors are currently under investigation for cancer treatment. Therefore, profiling epigenetic features in cancer could have important implications for the discovery of both biomarkers for patient stratification and novel epigenetic targets. In this study, we employed mass spectrometry-based approaches to comprehensively profile histone H3 PTMs in a panel of normal and tumoral tissues for different cancer types, identifying various changes, some of which appear to be a consequence of the increased proliferation rate of tumors, while others are cell-cycle independent. Histone PTM changes found in tumors partially correlate with alterations of the gene expression profiles of HMEs obtained from publicly available data and are generally lost in culture conditions. Through this analysis, we identified tumor- and subtype-specific histone PTM changes, but also widespread changes in the levels of histone H3 K9me3 and K14ac marks. In particular, H3K14ac showed a cell-cycle independent decrease in all the seven tumor/tumor subtype models tested and could represent a novel epigenetic hallmark of cancer. .
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16
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Liu T, Wang X, Hu W, Fang Z, Jin Y, Fang X, Miao QR. Epigenetically Down-Regulated Acetyltransferase PCAF Increases the Resistance of Colorectal Cancer to 5-Fluorouracil. Neoplasia 2019; 21:557-570. [PMID: 31042625 PMCID: PMC6488821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Only 10%–20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients observe effective responses to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemo-treatment. We used real-time PCR array and Western blot analysis to examine the expression alteration of acetyltransferases and deacetylases in 5-FU resistant CRC cell lines as compared to their respective parental CRC cell lines. Unlike other acetyltransferases and deacetylases, we found that the expression of acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is consistently decreased in three 5-FU resistant CRC cell lines. Similarly, knockdown of PCAF in HCT116 CRC parental cell line also increases the resistance to 5-FU and attenuates 5-FU-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that increased binding of trimethylated histone H3K27 in the promoter region of PCAF attenuated its transcription in 5-FU resistant HCT116/5-FU cells. Decreased PCAF impairs the acetylation of p53 and attenuates the p53-dependent transcription of p21, which results in the increased cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma 1. Conversely, overexpression of PCAF in CRC cell lines increases p21 and their susceptibility to 5-FU in vitro and in vivo. However, knockdown of p21 abolishes the beneficial effects of PCAF overexpression on increasing the sensitivity of HCT116/5-FU cells to 5-FU. Also, the reduced intensity of PCAF immunostaining was observed in the precancerous lesion, and microarray data from the public database further demonstrated the association between PCAF down-regulation and poor survival outcome. Our data suggest that PCAF-mediated p53 acetylation is an essential regulatory mechanism for increasing the susceptibility of CRC to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501
| | - Zhi Fang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501
| | - Ying Jin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501.
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17
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Zhou R, Yang Y, Park SY, Seo YW, Jung SC, Kim KK, Kim K, Kim H. p300/CBP-associated factor promotes autophagic degradation of δ-catenin through acetylation and decreases prostate cancer tumorigenicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3351. [PMID: 30833716 PMCID: PMC6399259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
δ-Catenin shares common binding partners with β-catenin. As acetylation and deacetylation regulate β-catenin stability, we searched for histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs) affecting δ-catenin acetylation status and protein levels. We showed that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) directly bound to and acetylated δ-catenin, whereas several class I and class II HDACs reversed this effect. Unlike β-catenin, δ-catenin was downregulated by PCAF-mediated acetylation and upregulated by HDAC-mediated deacetylation. The HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A attenuated HDAC1-mediated δ-catenin upregulation, whereas HAT or autophagy inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, abolished PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation. The results suggested that PCAF-mediated δ-catenin acetylation promotes its autophagic degradation in an Atg5/LC3-dependent manner. Deletions or point mutations identified several lysine residues in different δ-catenin domains involved in PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation. PCAF overexpression in prostate cancer cells markedly reduced δ-catenin levels and suppressed cell growth and motility. PCAF-mediated δ-catenin downregulation inhibited E-cadherin processing and decreased the nuclear distribution of β-catenin, resulting in the suppression of β-catenin/LEF-1-mediated downstream effectors. These data demonstrate that PCAF downregulates δ-catenin by promoting its autophagic degradation and suppresses δ-catenin-mediated oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wang T, Yao W, Shao Y, Zheng R, Huang F. PCAF fine-tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5787-5800. [PMID: 30216660 PMCID: PMC6237576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P300/CBP‐associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine‐tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of PCAF in various metabolic and immunological processes in the liver and review these new discoveries and models of PCAF biology in three areas: hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilong Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Song T, Wang C, Guo C, Liu Q, Zheng X. Pentraxin 3 overexpression accelerated tumor metastasis and indicated poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer 2018; 9:2650-2658. [PMID: 30087705 PMCID: PMC6072810 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a pattern recognition receptor, pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been found to exert the pleiotropic roles on a variety of cancers. However, the accurate clinical significance of PTX3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well defined. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the expression characteristics, prognostic significance, and the relevant biological effect of PTX3 in HCC. The expression of PTX3 was evaluated in tumor and adjacent liver tissues from 210 HCC patients using immunohistochemistry staining. And it was found that a marked up-regulation in the expression of PTX3 in the HCC specimens, which was remarkably correlated with high serum AFP level (P = 0.006), larger tumor size (P <0.001), liver cirrhosis (P = 0.004), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.022), PVTT (P = 0.010), intra-hepatic metastases (P = 0.019), and MVI (P <0.001). PTX3 was identified as an independent predictive factor of poor prognosis by multivariate analysis. Ectopic expression of PTX3 enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion capacities of Huh7 cells and induced EMT phenotype. Silencing PTX3 obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the in vivo experiments confirmed PTX3 induced EMT and promoted proliferation and growth of HCC cells. Collectivelly, these data indicated that PTX3 could accelerate HCC progression through activating EMT and served as a potential predictive factor and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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20
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Tian Y, Liu LL, Guo DM, Wang Y, Zha WH, Li Y, Wu FJ. TPX2 gene silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through negative regulation of AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7540-7555. [PMID: 29904936 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. Accumulated studies have revealed that targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) was tightly associated with the development and progression of OC. The present study further determined a novel mechanism of TPX2 in OC via the AKT signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes were screened in GEO database for gene expression microarray of OC. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the key differentially expressed genes in OC. We prepared CD133/1+ OC stem cells. Then cells were treated with TPX2-1 siRNA and perifcsine to explore the correlation of TPX2 and the AKT signaling pathway. We determined the expression of TPX2, AKT, Pl3 K, PTEN, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in OC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis rate were respectively measured using MTT and EdU assays, Transwell assay, Scratch test, and flow cytometry. Xenograft tumor in nude mice was used to determine the effect of TPX2 in OC cells in vitro. Initially, TPX2 overexpression was observed in OC, and TPX2 mediated the effect of the AKT signaling pathway in OC. TPX2 knockdown decreased expression of AKT, Pl3 K, and Bcl-2, and the extent of AKT phosphorylation, but increased expression of PTEN, Caspase-3, and Bax. Furthermore, TPX2 knockdown suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted OC cell apoptosis. Taken together, TPX2 silencing negatively regulates the AKT signaling pathway by which OC cell proliferation was inhibited yet cell apoptosis was accelerated, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Lian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Zha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Ju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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21
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Lv D, Jia F, Hou Y, Sang Y, Alvarez AA, Zhang W, Gao WQ, Hu B, Cheng SY, Ge J, Li Y, Feng H. Histone Acetyltransferase KAT6A Upregulates PI3K/AKT Signaling through TRIM24 Binding. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6190-6201. [PMID: 29021135 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase KAT6A is a chromatin regulator that contributes to histone modification and cancer, but the basis of its actions are not well understood. Here, we identify a KAT6A signaling pathway that facilitates glioblastoma (GBM), where it is upregulated. KAT6A expression was associated with GBM patient survival. KAT6A silencing suppressed cell proliferation, cell migration, colony formation, and tumor development in an orthotopic mouse xenograft model system. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that KAT6A acetylates lysine 23 of histone H3 (H3K23), which recruits the nuclear receptor binding protein TRIM24 to activate PIK3CA transcription, thereby enhancing PI3K/AKT signaling and tumorigenesis. Overexpressing activated AKT or PIK3CA rescued the growth inhibition due to KAT6A silencing. Conversely, the pan-PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the growth-promoting effect of KAT6A. Overexpression of KAT6A or TRIM24, but not KAT6A acetyltransferase activity-deficient mutants or TRIM24 mutants lacking H3K23ac-binding sites, promoted PIK3CA expression, AKT phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. Taken together, our results define an essential role of KAT6A in glioma formation, rationalizing its candidacy as a therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6190-201. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhou Sang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Angel A Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jianwei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haizhong Feng
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Xu M, Liu Z, Wang C, Yao B, Zheng X. EDG2 enhanced the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by LPA/PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66154-66168. [PMID: 29029500 PMCID: PMC5630400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC is the leading type of the malignant liver tumors with the unsatisfied prognosis. Liver resection has been considered as the predominant curative therapy, however, the post-surgical prognostic evaluation remains an urgent problem and the mechanism of HCC metastases has not been understood completely. EDG2 has been found to accelerate tumor progression through mediating different cell pathways, however, it remains unclear about the role of EDG2 on hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, EDG2 expression was found increased notably in HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry compared with adjacent liver tissues and comparison of survival curves revealed that EDG2 upregulation in HCC tissues was associated with the worse prognosis after liver resection. The positive correlation between EDG2 up-regulation and EMT was observed in HCC samples. Furthermore, EDG2 over-expression in HCC cells brought the typical EMT characteristics including up-regulation of Vimentin, Fibronectin and N-cadherin, suppression of E-cadherin, and enhanced cell migration and invasion capacities. Knockdown of EDG2 reversed the EMT phenotype in HCC cells. The in vivo experiments also identified the oncogenic role of EDG2 on HCC growth. The mechanistic studies elucidated that EDG2 enhanced mTOR phosphorylation via PI3K/AKT signaling and consequently induced EMT of HCC cells. Moreover, EDG2 was found to promote cell viability and proliferation of HCC cell through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Skp2/p27Kip1 signaling. Taken together, the data here demonstrated EDG2 was a potential predictor for HCC patients receiving liver resection and accelerated HCC progression via regulating EMT driven by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Koutsogiannouli EA, Wagner N, Hader C, Pinkerneil M, Hoffmann MJ, Schulz WA. Differential Effects of Histone Acetyltransferase GCN5 or PCAF Knockdown on Urothelial Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071449. [PMID: 28678170 PMCID: PMC5535940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are common in cancers. In urothelial carcinoma (UC), p300 and CBP are often mutated, whereas the GNAT family HATs GCN5 and PCAF (General Control Nonderepressible 5, p300/CBP-Associated Factor) are often upregulated. Here, we explored the effects of specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of GCN5, PCAF or both in four UC cell lines (UCCs). Expression of various HATs and marker proteins was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cellular effects of knockdowns were analyzed by flow cytometry and ATP-, caspase-, and colony forming-assays. GCN5 was regularly upregulated in UCCs, whereas PCAF was variable. Knockdown of GCN5 or both GNATs, but not of PCAF alone, diminished viability and inhibited clonogenic growth in 2/4 UCCs, inducing cell cycle changes and caspase-3/7 activity. PCAF knockdown elicited GCN5 mRNA upregulation. Double knockdown increased c-MYC and MDM2 (Mouse Double Minute 2) in most cell lines. In conclusion, GCN5 upregulation is especially common in UCCs. GCN5 knockdown impeded growth of specific UCCs, whereas PCAF knockdown elicited minor effects. The limited sensitivity towards GNAT knockdown and its variation between the cell lines might be due to compensatory effects including HAT, c-MYC and MDM2 upregulation. Our results predict that developing drugs targeting individual HATs for UC treatment may be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Wagner
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christiane Hader
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maria Pinkerneil
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting cell autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2400. [PMID: 27711074 PMCID: PMC5133959 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant autophagic processes have been found to have fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of different kinds of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), performs its function by acetylating both histone and non-histone proteins. Our previous studies showed that PCAF was downregulated in HCC tissues and its high expression was significantly associated with patient survival after surgery, serving as a prognostic marker. In this study we found that overexpression of PCAF induced autophagy of HCC cells and its knockdown depressed autophagy. As type II programmed cell death, autophagy induced by PCAF-elicited cell death in HCC cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that PCAF-induced autophagy inhibited tumor growth. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that PCAF promoted autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings show that PCAF is a novel modulator of autophagy in HCC, and can serve as an attractive therapeutic strategy of HCC treatment.
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25
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RIP1 upregulation promoted tumor progression by activating AKT/Bcl-2/BAX signaling and predicted poor postsurgical prognosis in HCC. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15305-15313. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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26
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Jin C, Zhang M, Lv L, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou Y. Histone H3K9 Acetyltransferase PCAF Is Essential for Osteogenic Differentiation Through Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling and May Be Involved in Osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2332-41. [PMID: 27300495 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The importance of epigenetic regulation for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is widely accepted. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that histone H3K9 acetyltransferase PCAF plays a critical role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Knockdown of PCAF significantly reduced the bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PCAF controls BMP signaling genes expression by increasing H3K9 acetylation. Most importantly, PCAF expression is significantly decreased in bone sections of ovariectomized or aged mice. Histone modification enzyme is chemically modifiable; therefore, PCAF may represent a novel therapeutic target for stem cell-mediated regenerative medicine and the treatment of osteoporosis. Stem Cells 2016;34:2332-2341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.,National Engineering Lab for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chanyuan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Engineering Lab for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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27
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IL-6/STAT3 axis initiated CAFs via up-regulating TIMP-1 which was attenuated by acetylation of STAT3 induced by PCAF in HCC microenvironment. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1314-1324. [PMID: 27297362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant tumor microenvironment is involved closely in tumor initiation and progression, in which cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role. Both IL-6/STAT3 signaling and TIMP-1 have been found to modulate the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs in tumor microenvironment, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we showed that IL-6/STAT3 signaling was activated aberrantly in HCC tissues and correlated with poor post-surgical outcome. The in vitro experiments confirmed that activation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway enhanced TIMP-1 expression directly via phosphorylated STATs (p-STAT3)-binding with TIMP-1 promoter in Huh7 cells. Furthermore, activation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway in HCC cells was shown to induce the transformation from normal liver fibroblasts (LFs) to CAFs via up-regulating TIMP-1 expression. Co-culture with CAFs promoted the growth of Huh7 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, by co-Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting assessments, PCAF, a well-known acetyltransferase, was revealed to acetylate cytoplasmic STAT3 protein directly and regulate TIMP-1 expression negatively in Huh7 cells. In summary, this investigation indicated that there was a positive IL-6/TIMP-1 feedback loop controlling the crosstalk between HCC cells and its neighbouring fibroblasts. The data here also identified that PCAF repressed TIMP-1 expression via acetylation of STAT3. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated that CAFs promoted HCC growth via IL-6/STAT3/AKT pathway and TIMP-1 over-expression driven by IL-6/STAT3 pathway in HCC cells brought in more CAFs through activating LFs. Finally, PCAF could block this positive feedback by acetylating STAT3 in HCC cells.
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28
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Li Q, Liu Z, Xu M, Xue Y, Yao B, Dou C, Jia Y, Wang Y, Tu K, Zheng X, Yao Y. PCAF inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Gli-1. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:190-198. [PMID: 26945969 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The p300-CBP-associated factor (PCAF), other than its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, possesses an intrinsic ubiquitination activity that is involved in various transcriptional regulators, including the transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1), a well-known regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. In present research, we detected that PCAF was down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues and significantly associated with malignant portal vein invasion (p < 0.05) and poor survival (p < 0.05) of HCC patients. Moreover, functional study demonstrated that downregulation of PCAF facilitated tumor cell migration, invasion via EMT. Further study found that Gli1 as a direct target of PCAF induced EMT and promoted tumor metastasis and invasion. CONCLUSION PCAF is an anti-oncogene that plays an important role in the development of HCC by suppressing HCC cell metastasis and EMT by targeting Gli1, which indicates the potential therapeutic value of PCAF for suppression of metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yumo Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuli Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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29
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Kaypee S, Sudarshan D, Shanmugam MK, Mukherjee D, Sethi G, Kundu TK. Aberrant lysine acetylation in tumorigenesis: Implications in the development of therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:98-119. [PMID: 26808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 'language' of covalent histone modifications translates environmental and cellular cues into gene expression. This vast array of post-translational modifications on histones are more than just covalent moieties added onto a protein, as they also form a platform on which crucial cellular signals are relayed. The reversible lysine acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification of both histone and non-histone proteins, dictating numerous epigenetic programs within a cell. Thus, understanding the complex biology of lysine acetylation and its regulators is essential for the development of epigenetic therapeutics. In this review, we will attempt to address the complexities of lysine acetylation in the context of tumorigenesis, their role in cancer progression and emphasize on the modalities developed to target lysine acetyltransferases towards cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kaypee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepthi Sudarshan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Debanjan Mukherjee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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30
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Lin Q, Xu H, Chen X, Tang G, Gu L, Wang Y. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A activates tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in gastric epithelial cells through P300/CBP-associated factor-mediated nuclear factor-κB p65 acetylation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6337-45. [PMID: 26238217 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori‑initiated chronic gastritis is characterized by the cytotoxin‑associated gene (Cag) pathogenicity island‑dependent upregulation of pro‑inflammatory cytokines in gastric epithelial cells, which is largely mediated by the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB as a transcription factor. However, the precise regulation of NF‑κB activation, particularly post‑translational modifications in the CagA‑induced inflammatory response, has remained elusive. The present study showed that Helicobacter pylori CagA, an important virulence factor, induced the expression of P300/CBP‑associated factor (PCAF) in gastric epithelial cells. Further study revealed that PCAF was able to physically associate with the NF‑κB p65 sub‑unit and enhance its acetylation. More importantly, PCAF‑induced p65 acetylation was shown to contribute to p65 phosphorylation and further upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑6 in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that Helicobacter pylori CagA enhanced TNF‑α and IL‑6 in gastric adenocarcinoma cells through PCAF‑mediated NF‑κB p65 sub‑unit acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Lan Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Yehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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31
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Rahman S, Housein Z, Dabrowska A, Mayán MD, Boobis AR, Hajji N. E2F1-mediated FOS induction in arsenic trioxide-induced cellular transformation: effects of global H3K9 hypoacetylation and promoter-specific hyperacetylation in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:484-92. [PMID: 25574600 PMCID: PMC4421767 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant histone acetylation has been observed in carcinogenesis and cellular transformation associated with arsenic exposure; however, the molecular mechanisms and cellular outcomes of such changes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of tolerated and toxic arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exposure in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and urothelial (UROtsa) cells to characterize the alterations in histone acetylation and gene expression as well as the implications for cellular transformation. METHODS Tolerated and toxic exposures of As2O3 were identified by measurement of cell death, mitochondrial function, cellular proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth. Histone extraction, the MNase sensitivity assay, and immunoblotting were used to assess global histone acetylation levels, and gene promoter-specific interactions were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Tolerated and toxic dosages, respectively, were defined as 0.5 μM and 2.5 μM As2O3 in HEK293T cells and 1 μM and 5 μM As2O3 in UROtsa cells. Global hypoacetylation of H3K9 at 72 hr was observed in UROtsa cells following tolerated and toxic exposure. In both cell lines, tolerated exposure alone led to H3K9 hyperacetylation and E2F1 binding at the FOS promoter, which remained elevated after 72 hr, contrary to global H3K9 hypoacetylation. Thus, promoter-specific H3K9 acetylation is a better predictor of cellular transformation than are global histone acetylation patterns. Tolerated exposure resulted in an increased expression of the proto-oncogenes FOS and JUN in both cell lines at 72 hr. CONCLUSION Global H3K9 hypoacetylation and promoter-specific hyperacetylation facilitate E2F1-mediated FOS induction in As2O3-induced cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniyat Rahman
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/BAX axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1712. [PMID: 25855960 PMCID: PMC4650545 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), has been found to regulate numerous cell signaling pathways controlling cell fate by acetylating both histone and non-histone proteins. We previously reported that PCAF upregulates cell apoptosis by inactivating Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (AKT1) signaling and consequently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth. Here, we show that PCAF can directly acetylate cytoplasmic GLI1 protein at lysine 518, preventing its nuclear translocation and promoter occupancy, and consequently suppressing Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in HCC. Further, our results show that GLI1 can increase Bcl-2 expression and downregulate BAX. Interestingly, forced expression of PCAF reduced Bcl-2 expression, upregulated BAX and repressed cell apoptosis. Further, we provide evidence that knockdown of GLI1 abrogates the inhibitory effect of PCAF on the growth of HCC in vitro. PCAF was also found to sensitize HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment by regulating GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis-dependent apoptosis. In vivo experiments also confirmed the regulatory effect of PCAF on the GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis and its synergistic antitumor effects with 5-FU. Gene expression microarray studies showed that PCAF was downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent liver tissues and that PCAF expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival and recurrence-free survival after surgery. Together, these results show that PCAF can induce cell apoptosis by modulating a GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis that in turn suppresses HCC progression, and suggest that 5-FU may exert a stronger anti-tumor effect in patients with PCAF expression in HCC tumors.
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33
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Xie B, Zen Q, Wang X, He X, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Li H. ACK1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via downregulating WWOX and activating AKT signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2057-66. [PMID: 25738261 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that ACK1 is upregulated in various cancers and promotes tumor progression. However, the role and mechanism of ACK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, the expression of ACK1 was assessed in several cell lines and 150 pairs of HCC and adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. The protein expression of p-ACK1 and WWOX were detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate their correlation with ACK1. Flow cytometry, caspase 3/7 activity assay, BrdU cell proliferation assay, MTT assay and Transwell assay were used to detect apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells. The regulatory effect of ACK1 on WWOX, AKT, p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC cells was confirmed by immuno-blotting. We found that ACK1 was more highly expressed in HCC tissues than in non-HCC tissues, and over-expression of ACK1 was correlated with clinicopathological features of poor prognosis. Clinical analysis demonstrated that ACK1 is an independent prognostic marker for predicting overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that ACK1 was positively associated with p-ACK1 and was negatively associated with WWOX expression. In vitro studies showed that knockdown of ACK1 promoted HCC cell apoptosis and repressed HCC cells invasion, migration and proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of ACK1 resulted in upregulation of WWOX and inactivation of AKT signaling. In this study, we also found that knockdown of ACK1 resulted in the downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC. Our results indicate that ACK1 is an independent prognostic marker and promotes HCC progression via downregulating WWOX and activating AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Qinshan Zen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yuankang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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Liu Q, Yang P, Tu K, Zhang H, Zheng X, Yao Y, Liu Q. TPX2 knockdown suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion via inactivating AKT signaling and inhibiting MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:410-7. [PMID: 25232213 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a nuclear proliferation-related protein that plays a critical role in the formation of mitotic spindle. High expression of TPX2 has been observed in several types of tumors. However, the role of TPX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of TPX2 on HCC cell invasion. METHODS The immortalized normal human liver cell line L02 and six HCC cell lines including SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, Huh-7, HepG2, Hep3B and SKHep1 were subjected to qRT-PCR and western blot for TPX2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Furthermore, TPX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down TPX2 expression in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation and invasion were determined by MTT and transwell assays. Otherwise, expression of p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP9 were evaluated by western blot in SMMC-7721 cells. RESULTS The expression of TPX2 in HCC cell lines was markedly higher than that in normal human liver cell line. TPX2 knockdown using a specific TPX2-siRNA reduced the number of invaded cells and inhibited cell proliferation in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, TPX2 knockdown resulted in inactivation of AKT signaling and down-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 expression in SMMC-7721 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that TPX2 might contribute to tumor cell invasion through activating AKT signaling and subsequently increasing MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pinghua Yang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China ; 2 Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
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35
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014; 5:673-91. [PMID: 24916440 PMCID: PMC4145080 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Gai X, Tu K, Lu Z, Zheng X. MRC2 expression correlates with TGFβ1 and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15011-25. [PMID: 25162823 PMCID: PMC4200867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MRC2 (Mannose Receptor C Type 2) is a constitutively recycling endocytic receptor belonging to the mannose receptor family, which has been found to be closely involved with cancer metastasis. This study attempted to determine MRC2 expression on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its significance on postsurgical prognosis of HCCs. The expression of both MRC2 and transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) was detected in tumor tissues and adjacent liver tissues from 96 HCCs by immunohistochemistry staining, and it was found that MRC2 expression in HCC tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent liver tissues. HCCs with higher MRC2 expression had worse prognosis after liver resection. Univariate analysis showed that advanced TNM staging of HCC, higher Edmonson-Steiner classification, intrahepatic metastases, portal vein invasion, higher MRC2 and higher TGFβ1 were the poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that intrahepatic metastases, higher MRC2 and higher TGFβ1 were the independent prognostic factors. TGFβ1 treatment up-regulated MRC2 expression, cell migration and invasion of Huh7 cells notably. In addition, knockdown of MRC2 repressed the effect of TGFβ1 on cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that MRC2 overexpression predicts poor prognosis of HCCs after liver resection and MRC2 potentially contributed to TGFβ1-driven up-regulation of cell migration and invasion in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Gai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Zhongtang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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37
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Tu K, Li C, Zheng X, Yang W, Yao Y, Liu Q. Prognostic significance of miR-218 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its role in cell growth. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1571-7. [PMID: 25110121 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-218 (miR-218) is considered a tumor suppressor in human cancer. In the present study, miR-218 expression was found to be significantly lower in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than in normal tumor-adjacent tissues. miR-218 was clearly silenced or downregulated in five HCC cells (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-7721, Huh7 and Bel-7402) compared with normal hepatocytes (LO2). The low expression of miR-218 conferred a poor 5-year survival in HCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that miR-218 was an independent prognostic factor in HCC. Ectopic expression of miR-218 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. In tumor bearing mice, miR-218 slowed down tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and growth arrest. Restoring miR-218 expression resulted in downregulation of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1) mRNA and protein level in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. In addition, BMI-1 mRNA expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous tissues. BMI-1 mRNA was inversely correlated with miR-218 expression in HCC tissues. In conclusion, miR-218 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and induce apoptosis and growth arrest by downregulating BMI-1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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38
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014. [PMID: 24916440 DOI: 10.1007/s13238- 014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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