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Matos BS, Peixoto da Silva S, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Chemosensitizing effect of pentoxifylline in sensitive and multidrug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:19. [PMID: 38835347 PMCID: PMC11149106 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which can be due to its fibrotic stroma. This work explores the combination of pentoxifylline, an anti-fibrotic and chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) inhibitor drug, with conventional chemotherapy to improve NSCLC treatment. Methods: The effect of pentoxifylline in the expression levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CHI3L1 and its main downstream proteins, as well as on cell death, cell cycle profile, and P-gp activity was studied in two pairs of sensitive and MDR counterpart NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H460/NCI-H460/R and A549/A549-CDR2). Association studies between CHI3L1 gene expression and NSCLC patients' survival were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. The sensitizing effect of pentoxifylline to different drug regimens was evaluated in both sensitive and MDR NSCLC cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drug combinations was assessed in MCF10A non-tumorigenic cells. Results: Pentoxifylline slightly decreased the expression levels of CHI3L1, β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and caused a significant increase in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in both pairs of NSCLC cell lines. A significant increase in the % of cell death was observed in the sensitive NCI-H460 cell line. TCGA analysis revealed that high levels of CHI3L1 are associated with low overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with vinorelbine. Moreover, pentoxifylline sensitized both pairs of sensitive and MDR NSCLC cell lines to the different drug regimens, without causing significant toxicity to non-tumorigenic cells. Conclusion: This study suggests the possibility of combining pentoxifylline with chemotherapy to increase NSCLC therapeutic response, even in cases of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz S Matos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
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Lin Y, Xu Z, Zhou B, Ma K, Jiang M. Pentoxifylline Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Cellular Senescence in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848263. [PMID: 35662697 PMCID: PMC9160723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease, and its occurrence and development are mediated by cellular senescence. Drugs targeting senescent cells seem like a promising and efficacious strategy for IPF treatment. Previous studies have illustrated that pentoxifylline (PTX) may play a certain role in inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis and combating cellular senescence. In this study, we demonstrated that PTX administration inhibits pulmonary fibrosis development and cellular senescence in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF mice model. Moreover, the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes and senescence-related genes in mice lung tissue and primary pulmonary fibroblasts illustrated lung fibroblasts' vital role in these two processes. And the curative effect of PTX was completed mainly by acting on lung fibroblasts. Besides, during the whole treatment, delayed initiation or advanced halt of PTX administration would influence its effectiveness in reducing fibrotic and senescent traits in various degrees, and the latter influenced more. We further determined that a long period of PTX administration could bring noticeable benefits to mice in recovering BLM-induced lung fibrosis and suppressing age-associated cellular senescence. Moreover, it was still effective when PTX administration was used to treat senescent human fibroblasts. Thus, our findings manifested that PTX therapy is an efficient remedy for pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Keer Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Mengyi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
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Al-Husein BA, Mhaidat NM, Alzoubi KH, Alzoubi GM, Alqudah MA, Albsoul-Younes AM, Matalqah SM. Pentoxifylline induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Cancino-Marentes ME, Hernández-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Villaseñor-García MM, Orozco-Alonso E, Sierra-Díaz E, Solís-Martínez RA, Cruz-Gálvez CC, Bravo-Cuellar A. Sensitizing the cytotoxic action of Docetaxel induced by Pentoxifylline in a PC3 prostate cancer cell line. BMC Urol 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 33711972 PMCID: PMC7953714 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancers worldwide. In its initial period, the tumor is hormone-sensitive, but in advanced states, it evolves into a metastatic castration-resistant tumor. In this state, chemotherapy with taxanes such as Docetaxel (DTX) comprises the first line of treatment. However, the response is poor due to chemoresistance and toxicity. On the other hand, Pentoxifylline (PTX) is an unspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases; experimental, and clinically it has been described as sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy, increasing apoptosis and decreasing senescence. We study whether the PTX sensitizes prostate cancer cells to DTX for greater effectiveness. METHODS PC3 human prostate cancer cells were treated in vitro at different doses and times with PTX, DTX, or their combination. Viability was determined by the WST-1 assay by spectrophotometry, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, generic caspase activation and senescence by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and caspases-3, -8, and -9 activity by ELISA. RESULTS We found that PTX in PC3 human prostate cancer cells induces significant apoptosis per se and increases that generated by DTX, while at the same time it reduces the senescence caused by the chemotherapy and increases caspases-3,-8, and -9 activity in PTX + DTX-treated cells. Both treatments blocked the PC3 cell in the G1 phase. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PTX sensitizes prostate tumor cells to apoptosis induced by DTX. Taken together, the results support the concept of chemotherapy with rational molecular bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Cancino-Marentes
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - María Martha Villaseñor-García
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Eduardo Orozco-Alonso
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Erick Sierra-Díaz
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Raúl Antonio Solís-Martínez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Claudia Carolina Cruz-Gálvez
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. .,Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México.
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Bravo-Cuellar A, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Sierra-Díaz E, Solorzano-Ibarra F, Méndez-Clemente AS, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Jave-Suárez LF, Ruiz Velazco-Niño É, Hernández-Flores G. Pentoxifylline Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment: Involvement of Mitochondrial and NF-Kappa B Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592706. [PMID: 33680921 PMCID: PMC7931705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, and Cisplatin is used as first-line chemotherapy for this cancer; however, malignant cells exposed to CISplatin (CIS) become insensitive to the effects of this drug. PenToXifylline (PTX) is a xanthine that sensitizes several types of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by antitumor drugs, such as Adriamycin, Carboplatin, and CIS. The effects of PTX on tumor cells have been related to the disruption of the NF-κB pathway, thus preventing the activation of cell survival mechanisms such as the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, the secretion of proinflammatory interleukins, and growth factors. Objective In this work, we studied the antitumor proprieties of PTX in human SiHa cervical carcinoma cells resistant to CIS. Materials and Methods SiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cells and their CIS-resistant derived cell lines (SiHaCIS-R and HeLaCIS-R, respectively) were used as in-vitro models. We studied the effects of PTX alone or in combination with CIS on cell viability, apoptosis, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity, cleaved PARP-1, anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) levels, p65 phosphorylation, cadmium chloride (CdCl2) sensitivity, Platinum (Pt) accumulation, and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as on the gene expression of GSH and drug transporters (influx and efflux). Results PTX sensitized SiHaCIS-R cells to the effects of CIS by inducing apoptosis, caspase activation, and PARP-1 cleavage. PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes. Conclusion PTX reverses the acquired phenotype of CIS resistance close to the sensitivity of parental SiHa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Erick Sierra-Díaz
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Orientación Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Orientación Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Édgar Ruiz Velazco-Niño
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Madera-Sandoval RL, Tóvári J, Lövey J, Ranđelović I, Jiménez-Orozco A, Hernández-Chávez VG, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vega-López A. Combination of pentoxifylline and α-galactosylceramide with radiotherapy promotes necro-apoptosis and leukocyte infiltration and reduces the mitosis rate in murine melanoma. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:680-689. [PMID: 31213291 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success for the treatment of melanoma such as targeted molecular therapy, the use of such treatments are expensive For this reason, this study was carried out to explore the anti-cancer properties of available drugs that are able to modify the melanoma prognosis. The study was conducted in two phases: Evaluation of pharmacological effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) administered above (60 mg/kg) which is the therapeutic dose that is aimed at reducing the side-effect of radiotherapy, and of α- galactosylceramide (GalCer) administered at 100 μg/kg, as well as their combination using a murine model (BDF1 mice) of melanoma cell line (B16-F1, ATCC). For the radiotherapy phase, 9 Gy was applied in the tumor area, before (3 days), during (30 min) and after (3 days) the PTX + GalCer treatment. In both study phases, the mitosis rate, leukocyte infiltration and necro-apoptosis were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical approach and tumor volume evaluation as biomarkers. All treatments showed good prognosis results estimated as reduction of mitosis rate (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and GalCer), increased leukocyte infiltrate (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and GalCer) and necro-apoptosis augmentation (PTX + GalCer after radiotherapy and radiotherapy control). Nevertheless, a lower development of tumor volume was found in GalCer treatment. In this way, it is possible to suggest that the integrated treatment with immuno-stimulators such as GalCer, plus drug used for peripheral vascular disease (PTX) after radiotherapy is probably an alternative for controlling aggressive melanoma in murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City, CP 07320, Mexico
| | - József Tóvári
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Lövey
- National Institute of Oncology, Center of Radiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Orozco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Celular y Molecular, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor G Hernández-Chávez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hematopatología. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hematopatología. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City, CP 07320, Mexico.
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Cruz-Galvez CC, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Villasenor-Garcia MM, Reyes-Uribe E, Bravo-Hernandez A, Solis-Martinez RA, Cancino-Marentes M, Rodriguez-Padilla C, Bravo-Cuellar A, Hernandez-Flores G. Pentoxifylline Enhances the Apoptotic Effect of Carboplatin in Y79 Retinoblastoma Cells. In Vivo 2019; 33:401-412. [PMID: 30804118 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Carboplatin (CPt) is a DNA damage-inducing agent that is widely used for the treatment of RB. Unfortunately, this drug also activates the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), leading to promotion of tumor survival. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that inhibits the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (IĸBα) in serines 32 and 36, and this disrupts NF-ĸB activity that promotes tumor survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the PTX on the antitumor activity of CPt. MATERIALS AND METHODS Y79 RB cells were treated with CPt, PTX, or both. Cell viability, apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the activity of caspase-9, -8, and -3, cytochrome c release, cell-cycle progression, p53, and phosphorylation of IĸBα, and pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were evaluated. RESULTS Both drugs significantly affected the viability of the Y79 RB cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The PTX+CPt combination exhibited the highest rate of apoptosis, a decrease in cell viability and significant caspase activation, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and increased p53 protein levels. Cells treated with PTX alone displayed decreased I kappa B-alpha phosphorylation, compared to the CPt treated group. In addition, the PTX+CPt combination treatment induced up-regulation of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Bad, Bak, and caspases- 3, -8, and -9, compared to the CPt and PTX individual treated groups. CONCLUSION PTX induces apoptosis per se and increases the CPt-induced apoptosis, augmenting its antitumor effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carolina Cruz-Galvez
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctoral Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Maria Martha Villasenor-Garcia
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,University Center of the Cienega (CUCIENEGA), University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Mexico
| | | | - Raul Antonio Solis-Martinez
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Martha Cancino-Marentes
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctoral Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla
- Department of Immunology and Virology, College of Biomedical Science, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico .,Department of Health Science, University Center of the Altos (CUALTOS), University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernandez-Flores
- Division of Immunology, Western Biomedical Research Center (CIBO), Mexican Institute of Social Insurance (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Anticancer Potential of Fruit Extracts from Vatica diospyroides Symington Type SS and Their Effect on Program Cell Death of Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:5491904. [PMID: 31118873 PMCID: PMC6500633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5491904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vatica diospyroides Symington is locally known as Chan-Ka-Pho in Thailand. Ancient people have used it as therapeutic plant for cardiac and blood tonic cure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity and selectivity of the extracts from V. diospyroides type SS fruit on cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines and to examine its underlying mechanism of action. MTT assay revealed that the extracts showed inhibition of cell survival in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited highly cytotoxic activity against both HeLa and SiHa cells with IC50 value less than 20 μg/mL along with less toxicity against L929 cells. Acetone cotyledon extract (ACE) showed the best selectivity index value of 4.47 (HeLa) and 3.51 (SiHa). Distinctive morphological changes were observed in ACE-treated cervical cancer cells contributing to apoptosis action. Flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining precisely indicated that ACE induced apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of ACE with half IC50 caused DNA fragmentation and also activated increasing of bax and cleaved caspase-8 protein in HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. The results suggest that ACE has potent and selective cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells and the potential to induce bax and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Hence, the ACE could be further exploited as a potential lead in cancer treatment.
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Pentoxifylline Added to Steroid Window Treatment Phase Modified Apoptotic Gene Expression in Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:360-367. [PMID: 29683943 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline is a xanthine that possesses antitumor properties and that can induce higher apoptosis in the leukemic cells of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during treatment with prednisone. We conducted a phase 1 pilot, controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the gene expression modified by pentoxifylline during the steroid window of induction to remission phase in patients newly diagnosed with ALL. Experimental and control treatments induced broad changes in the gene expression profile. Patients who received just prednisone upregulated 377 and downregulated 344 genes, in contrast with patients treated with the experimental treatment (combination of prednisone and pentoxifylline), who demonstrated upregulation of 1319 and downregulation of 1594 genes. The most important genes modified in this pathway are those with proapoptotic activity, the majority of these overexpressed. Thus, the addition of pentoxifylline to the treatment with prednisone during steroid window in patients with ALL modified the gene expression profile and changed different signal pathways of the leukemic cell. The combination of both drugs represents a therapeutic alternative for potentiating antileukemic therapy.
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Iuchi K, Yagura T. Heterocyclic organobismuth (III) compounds containing an eight-membered ring: Inhibitory effects on cell cycle progression. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:172-178. [PMID: 29574240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that heterocyclic organobismuth compounds have excellent antimicrobial and antitumor potential. These compounds structurally consist of either six- or eight-membered rings. Previous research has shown that bi-chlorodibenzo[c,f][1,5]thiabismocine (Compound 3), an eight-membered ring, induced G2/M arrest via inhibition of tubulin polymerization in HeLa cells. Additionally, N-tert-butyl-bi-chlorodi-benzo[c,f][1,5]azabismocine (Compound 1), another eight-membered ring, exhibited higher cytotoxicity than Compound 3 against several cancer cell lines, including HeLa and K562. Finally, bi-chlorophenothiabismin-S,S-dioxide (Compound 5), a six-membered ring, exhibited lower antitumor activity than eight-membered ring compounds. In this study, we investigated the antimitotic activity of Compounds 1 and 5 in HeLa cells. At low concentrations, (0.1 and 0.25 μM), Compound 1 inhibited cell growth and arrested the cell cycle in mitosis. However, 0.5 μM Compound 1 exhibited no antimitotic activity. Conversely, Compound 5 weakly inhibited cell growth and did not markedly arrest the cell cycle. Flow cytometry showed that Compound 1 arrested the cell cycle at G2/M, resulting in apoptosis. Compound 1 inhibited tubulin polymerization as revealed by a cell-free assay, and both Compounds 1 and 3 inhibited microtubule spindle formation and chromosome alignment during prometaphase. These results suggest that eight-membered ring-containing organobismuth compounds can induce mitotic arrest by perturbing spindle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuin, Sanda-shi, Hyogo-ken 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Yagura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuin, Sanda-shi, Hyogo-ken 669-1337, Japan
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11
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Kim JY, Kim SY, Choi HS, Kim MK, Lee HM, Jang YJ, Ryu CJ. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3048. [PMID: 29445107 PMCID: PMC5813096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a multifunctional heme-binding protein involved in various diseases, including cancers and Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 108-B6 and 4A68 against surface molecules on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here we show that PGRMC1 is the target antigen of both MAbs, and is predominantly expressed on hPSCs and some cancer cells. PGRMC1 is rapidly downregulated during early differentiation of hPSCs. Although PGRMC1 knockdown leads to a spread-out morphology and impaired self-renewal in hPSCs, PGRMC1 knockdown hPSCs do not show apoptosis and autophagy. Instead, PGRMC1 knockdown leads to differentiation of hPSCs into multiple lineage cells without affecting the expression of pluripotency markers. PGRMC1 knockdown increases cyclin D1 expression and decreases Plk1 expression in hPSCs. PGRMC1 knockdown also induces p53 expression and stability, suggesting that PGRMC1 maintains hPSC self-renewal through suppression of p53-dependent pathway. Analysis of signaling molecules further reveals that PGRMC1 knockdown promotes inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β and increased expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin, which leads to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The results suggest that PGRMC1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote self-renewal and inhibit early differentiation in hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yea Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Thulasidasan AKT, Retnakumari AP, Shankar M, Vijayakurup V, Anwar S, Thankachan S, Pillai KS, Pillai JJ, Nandan CD, Alex VV, Chirayil TJ, Sundaram S, Kumar GSV, Anto RJ. Folic acid conjugation improves the bioavailability and chemosensitizing efficacy of curcumin-encapsulated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles towards paclitaxel chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107374-107389. [PMID: 29296172 PMCID: PMC5746074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation has emerged as a novel strategy to enhance the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic potential of conventional drugs. Recent studies from our lab have established the efficacy of curcumin in sensitizing cervical cancer cells and breast cancer cells towards paclitaxel and 5-FU chemotherapy respectively. Factors that hinder the clinical use of curcumin as a sensitizer or therapeutic agent include its poor bioavailability and retention time. Earlier reports of improvement in bioavailability and retention of drugs upon nanoencapsulation have motivated us in developing various nanoformulations of curcumin, which were found to exhibit significant enhancement in bioavailability and retention time as assessed by our previous in vitro studies. Among the various formulations tested, curcumin-entrapped in PLGA-PEG nanoparticles conjugated to folic acid (PPF-curcumin) displayed maximum cell death. In the present study, we have demonstrated the efficacy of this formulation in augmenting the bioavailability and retention time of curcumin, in vivo, in Swiss albino mice. Further, the acute and chronic toxicity studies proved that the formulation is pharmacologically safe. We have also evaluated its potential in chemosensitizing cervical cancer cells to paclitaxel and have verified the results using cervical cancer xenograft model in NOD-SCID mice. Folic acid conjugation significantly enhanced the efficacy of curcumin in down-regulating various survival signals induced by paclitaxel in cervical cancer cells and have considerably improved its potential in inhibiting the tumor growth of cervical cancer xenografts. The non-toxic nature coupled with improved chemosensitization potential makes PPF-curcumin a promising candidate formulation for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar T Thulasidasan
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Archana P Retnakumari
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mohan Shankar
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Scholar, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shabna Anwar
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sanu Thankachan
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kavya S Pillai
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jisha J Pillai
- Division of Chemical Biology-Nano Drug Delivery Systems, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - C Devika Nandan
- Division of Chemical Biology-Nano Drug Delivery Systems, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vijai V Alex
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Teena Jacob Chirayil
- Division of Chemical Biology-Nano Drug Delivery Systems, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Enhanced anticancer efficacy of histone deacetyl inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in combination with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline, in human cancer cell lines and in-vivo tumor xenografts. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:1002-1017. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Artanti AN, Astirin OP, Prayito A, Widiyaningsih RF, Prihapsara F. Polyketide Derivatives from Annona muricata Linn Leaves as Potencial Anticancer Material by Combination Treatment With Doxorubicin on Hela Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/176/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Gołuński G, Borowik A, Wyrzykowski D, Woziwodzka A, Piosik J. Pentoxifylline as a modulator of anticancer drug doxorubicin. Part I: Reduction of doxorubicin DNA binding. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:291-8. [PMID: 26499448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline--biologically active aromatic compound--has a well established capability to sequester aromatic ligands, such as an anticancer drug--doxorubicin--in mixed stacking aggregates. Formation of such hetero-complexes may influence biological activity of secluded drug. Presented work shows assessment of pentoxifylline influence on doxorubicin direct interactions with DNA employing biophysical methods. Achievement of this goal required statistical-thermodynamical model allowing numerical four-parameter analysis of experimental mixture--an issue that was successfully tackled by merging McGhee--von Hippel and Kapuscinski--Kimmel models. Results obtained with new model are well in agreement with data obtained with separate experiments with each of these two models and show reduction of doxorubicin in free (monomeric, dimeric) and complexed with DNA forms in favor of doxorubicin-pentoxifylline complexes with increasing pentoxifylline concentration. Developed model appears to be a universal tool allowing numerical analysis of mixtures containing self-aggregating ligand, DNA, and modulating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gołuński
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Woziwodzka
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland.
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16
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Pentoxifylline during steroid window phase at induction to remission increases apoptosis in childhood with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:369-74. [PMID: 26329293 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to increase chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. A clinical trial was developed to evaluate the effect of the addition of PTX to the induction steroid window phase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Thirty-two children were enrolled on this study. Children with a new diagnosis of ALL were randomly assigned to receive prednisone (PRD) 40 mg/m(2)/day only during the 7-day treatment pre-phase (PRD group, 11 patients) or to receive PRD with PTX (10 mg/kg/day) (PTX group, 11 patients); the control group included children with normal bone marrow (10 patients). Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) was performed at diagnosis (day -7) in all groups, and at day 0 (end of PRD window) for patients with ALL (PRD and PTX groups). Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry (FC) using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) stains. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Apoptotic index at day -7 was similar in all groups. However, at day 0 post-treatment, apoptosis was significantly higher in the PTX group than in the PRD group (p < 0.001). There were no serious adverse effects associated with PTX. CONCLUSIONS PTX potentiates blast apoptosis induced by PRD in children with ALL during steroid window phase.
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17
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Nidhyanandan S, Boreddy TS, Chandrasekhar KB, Reddy ND, Kulkarni NM, Narayanan S. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline enhances anticancer activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275 in human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26209365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MS-275, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), is undergoing clinical trials for treatment of various cancers. Pentoxifylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, has been shown to increase the effectiveness of antitumor chemotherapy. In the present study, the potential anti-cancer activity of MS-275 in combination with pentoxifylline in panel of cell lines and human breast cancer xenograft model were examined. A Panel of cancer cell lines were treated with MS-275 and pentoxifylline to determine their impact on cellular proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis. The in vivo activities of MS-275 and pentoxifylline were assessed in a Matrigel plug angiogenesis model and human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenograft model. Combination of MS-275 with pentoxifylline showed enhanced anti-proliferative activity in a panel of cancer cell lines (HCT 116, MCF-7, PC3 and MDA-MB-231). Apoptotic studies performed using, Hoechst staining and cell cycle analysis reveal that this combination at the lower concentrations induces apoptosis downstream of the HDAC inhibition and PDE regulation. Further, combination showed enhanced antiangiogenic activity in Matrigel tube formation assay using HUVECs and in Matrigel plug assay in vivo. A significant inhibition (P<0.001) of tumor growth was observed in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft treated with the combination of MS-275 (5mg/kg p.o.) and pentoxifylline (60 mg/kg i.p.) than treatments alone, without much signs of toxicity. Taken together, our study demonstrated enhanced anticancer activity of MS-275 and pentoxifylline combination both in vitro and in vivo with reduced toxicity. However, further studies are required to understand the mechanism for this combination effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Nidhyanandan
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Old Mahabalipuram Road, Sozhanganallur, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapur, 515 002 Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Thippeswamy S Boreddy
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neetinkumar D Reddy
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Old Mahabalipuram Road, Sozhanganallur, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagaraj M Kulkarni
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery Research, Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Old Mahabalipuram Road, Sozhanganallur, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shridhar Narayanan
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, International Airport Road, Yelahanka, Bangaluru 562157, India
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18
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Kim WT, Seo Choi H, Min Lee H, Jang YJ, Ryu CJ. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 regulates human embryonic stem cell adhesion, stemness, and survival via control of epithelial cell adhesion molecule. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2626-41. [PMID: 24898727 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
B-Cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) regulates the export of secreted membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the downstream secretory pathway. Previously, we generated a monoclonal antibody 297-D4 against the surface molecule on undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we found that 297-D4 antigen was localized to pluripotent hESCs and downregulated during early differentiation of hESCs and identified that the antigen target of 297-D4 was BAP31 on the hESC-surface. To investigate the functional role of BAP31 in hESCs, BAP31 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA. BAP31 depletion impaired hESC self-renewal and pluripotency and drove hESC differentiation into multicell lineages. BAP31 depletion hindered hESC proliferation by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and inducing caspase-independent cell death. Interestingly, BAP31 depletion reduced hESC adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of cell surface molecules showed decreased expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in BAP31-depleted hESCs, while ectopic expression of BAP31 elevated the expression of EpCAM. EpCAM depletion also reduced hESC adhesion to ECM, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induced cell death, producing similar effects to those of BAP31 depletion. BAP31 and EpCAM were physically associated and colocalized at the ER and cell surface. Both BAP31 and EpCAM depletion decreased cyclin D1 and E expression and suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling, suggesting that BAP31 regulates hESC stemness and survival via control of EpCAM expression. These findings provide, for the first time, mechanistic insights into how BAP31 regulates hESC stemness and survival via control of EpCAM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Choi HS, Lee HM, Jang YJ, Kim CH, Ryu CJ. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 regulates the self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells via the control of the G1/S transition. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2647-58. [PMID: 23495120 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a complex biological process for maintaining hESC stemness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these special properties of hESCs are not fully understood. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein whose expression is related to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that hnRNP A2/B1 expression was localized to undifferentiated hESCs and decreased upon differentiation of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown reduced the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies in hESCs and led to a decrease in the expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, indicating that hnRNP A2/B1 is essential for hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased the expression of gene markers associated with the early development of three germ layers, and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 is required for maintaining the undifferentiated and epithelial phenotypes of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown inhibited hESC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase before differentiation via degradation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and Cdc25A. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased p27 expression and induced phosphorylation of p53 and Chk1, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 also regulates the G1/S transition of hESC cell cycle through the control of p27 expression and p53 and Chk1 activity. Analysis of signaling molecules further revealed that hnRNP A2/B1 regulated hESC proliferation in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. These findings provide for the first time mechanistic insights into how hnRNP A2/B1 regulates hESC self-renewal and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Goel PN, Gude RP. Delineating the anti-metastatic potential of pentoxifylline in combination with liposomal doxorubicin against breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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21
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Choudhari AS, Suryavanshi SA, Kaul-Ghanekar R. The aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa induces cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cell lines SiHa (HPV-16 Positive) and apoptosis in HeLa (HPV-18 positive). PLoS One 2013; 8:e70127. [PMID: 23922932 PMCID: PMC3724825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are being extensively explored for their potential to prevent as well as treat cancer due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways. Ficus religiosa has been shown to exert diverse biological activities including apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. In the present study, we report the anti-neoplastic potential of aqueous extract of F. religiosa (FRaq) bark in human cervical cancer cell lines, SiHa and HeLa. FRaq altered the growth kinetics of SiHa (HPV-16 positive) and HeLa (HPV-18 positive) cells in a dose-dependent manner. It blocked the cell cycle progression at G1/S phase in SiHa that was characterized by an increase in the expression of p53, p21 and pRb proteins with a simultaneous decrease in the expression of phospho Rb (ppRb) protein. On the other hand, in HeLa, FRaq induced apoptosis through an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome-c and increase in the expression of caspase-3. Moreover, FRaq reduced the migration as well as invasion capability of both the cervical cancer cell lines accompanied with downregulation of MMP-2 and Her-2 expression. Interestingly, FRaq reduced the expression of viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 in both the cervical cancer cell lines. All these data suggest that F. religiosa could be explored for its chemopreventive potential in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S. Choudhari
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Snehal A. Suryavanshi
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, India
| | - Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
- Cell and Translational Research Laboratory, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune, India
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22
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Bravo-Cuellar A, Hernández-Flores G, Lerma-Díaz JM, Domínguez-Rodríguez JR, Jave-Suárez LF, De Célis-Carrillo R, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Gómez-Lomeli P, Ortiz-Lazareno PC. Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:13. [PMID: 23445492 PMCID: PMC3618339 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Oncology, the resistance of the cancerous cells to chemotherapy continues to be the principal limitation. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays an important role in tumor escape and resistance to chemotherapy and this factor regulates several pathways that promote tumor survival including some antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. In this study, we investigated, in U937 human leukemia cells, the effects of PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor, drugs that can disrupt the NF-κB pathway. For this, we evaluated viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, caspases-3, -8, -9, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, p65 phosphorylation, and the modification in the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic genes, and the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL antiapoptotic proteins. Results The two drugs affect the viability of the leukemia cells in a time-dependent manner. The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells. In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-κB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. We also observed, with a combination of these drugs overexpression of a group of the proapoptotic genes BAX, DIABLO, and FAS while the genes BCL-XL, MCL-1, survivin, IκB, and P65 were downregulated. Conclusions The two drugs used induce apoptosis per se, this cytotoxicity was greater with combination of both drugs. These observations are related with the caspases -9, -3 cleavage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in p65 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. As well as this combination of drugs promotes the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. These observations strongly confirm antileukemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col, Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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Johnson IM, Prakash H, Prathiba J, Raghunathan R, Malathi R. Spectral analysis of naturally occurring methylxanthines (theophylline, theobromine and caffeine) binding with DNA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50019. [PMID: 23236361 PMCID: PMC3517612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids exist in a dynamic equilibrium with a number of molecules that constantly interact with them and regulate the cellular activities. The inherent nature of the structure and conformational integrity of these macromolecules can lead to altered biological activity through proper targeting of nucleic acids binding ligands or drug molecules. We studied the interaction of naturally occurring methylxanthines such as theophylline, theobromine and caffeine with DNA, using UV absorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods, and especially monitored their binding affinity in the presence of Mg(2+) and during helix-coil transitions of DNA by temperature (T(m)) or pH melting profiles. The study indicates that all these molecules effectively bind to DNA in a dose dependent manner. The overall binding constants of DNA-theophylline = 3.5×10(3) M(-1), DNA-theobromine = 1.1×10(3) M(-1), and DNA-Caffeine = 3.8×10(3) M(-1). On the other hand T(m)/pH melting profiles showed 24-35% of enhanced binding activity of methylxanthines during helix-coil transitions of DNA rather than to its native double helical structure. The FTIR analysis divulged that theophylline, theobromine and caffeine interact with all the base pairs of DNA (A-T; G-C) and phosphate group through hydrogen bond (H-bond) interaction. In the presence of Mg(2+), methylxanthines altered the structure of DNA from B to A-family. However, the B-family structure of DNA remained unaltered in DNA-methylxanthines complexes or in the absence of Mg(2+). The spectral analyses indicated the order of binding affinity as "caffeine≥theophylline>theobromine" to the native double helical DNA, and "theophylline≥theobromine>caffeine to the denatured form of DNA and in the presence of divalent metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irudayam Maria Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (IMJ); (RM)
| | - Halan Prakash
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyaguru Prathiba
- Department of Genetics, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Raghunathan Malathi
- Department of Genetics, Taramani Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (IMJ); (RM)
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Potentiation of anticancer drugs: effects of pentoxifylline on neoplastic cells. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:369-82. [PMID: 22312258 PMCID: PMC3269692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, a product of the mdr1 gene, ABCB1 member of ABC transporter family) represents a mechanism by which tumor cells escape death induced by chemotherapeutics. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in mouse leukemia L1210/VCR cells. Parental sensitive mouse leukemia cells L1210, and multidrug-resistant cells, L1210/VCR, which are characterized by the overexpression of P-gp, were used as experimental models. The cells were exposed to 100 μmol/L PTX in the presence or absence of 1.2 μmol/L vincristine (VCR). Western blot analysis indicated a downregulation of P-gp protein expression when multidrug-resistant L1210/VCR cells were exposed to PTX. The effects of PTX on the sensitization of L1210/VCR cells to VCR correlate with the stimulation of apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis necrosis kit and proteolytic activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 monitored by Western blot analysis. Higher release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2, which could be attenuated by PTX, was found in L1210/VCR than in L1210 cells by gelatin zymography in electrophoretic gel. Exposure of resistant cells to PTX increased the content of phosphorylated Akt kinase. In contrast, the presence of VCR eliminated the effects of PTX on Akt kinase phosphorylation. Taken together, we conclude that PTX induces the sensitization of multidrug-resistant cells to VCR via downregulation of P-gp, stimulation of apoptosis and reduction of MMPs released from drug-resistant L1210/VCR cells. These facts bring new insights into the mechanisms of PTX action on cancer cells.
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Tellez-Bañuelos MC, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Santerre A, Casas-Solis J, Bravo-Cuellar A, Zaitseva G. Effects of low concentration of endosulfan on proliferation, ERK1/2 pathway, apoptosis and senescence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) splenocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1291-1296. [PMID: 22008288 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is a potent organochlorinated pesticide that is known to induce side effects in aquatic organisms, including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). It has been previously shown that endosulfan induces oxidative stress and non-specific activation of splenic macrophages and exacerbated serum interleukin-2 synthesis in Nile tilapia. Endosulfan may promote proliferation of T cells through MAP kinase (MAPK) activated signal transductions. The ERK family of MAPKs includes ERK1 and ERK2. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) molecules are involved in many aspects of cellular survival, and are important for apoptosis or oxidative stress-induced senescence. In order to study the mechanisms by which endosulfan affects fish health, the present study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of this insecticide on proliferation, the ERK1/2 pathway, apoptosis and cell senescence in splenocytes from Nile tilapia. Lymphoproliferation was evaluated by colorimetric method using the WST-1 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess pERK1/2, apoptosis and senescence, using Annexin V-FITC and β-galactosidase respectively. Experimental data showed that exposure to 7 μg mL(-1) of endosulfan per se increased cellular proliferation, but decreased the lymphoproliferative response to mitogenic stimulus with PMA + ionomycin. Splenocytes exposed to endosulfan for 15-180 min showed significantly higher levels of pERK1/2 than the non-exposed control. Endosulfan mediated a decrease in etoposide-induced apoptosis and provoked cell senescence. In conclusion, exposure of immune cells to a low concentration of endosulfan deregulates their function and may facilitate the development of multiple diseases.
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Hernandez-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Lerma-Diaz JM, Dominguez-Rodriguez JR, Jave-Suarez LF, Aguilar-Lemarroy ADC, de Celis-Carrillo R, del Toro-Arreola S, Castellanos-Esparza YC, Bravo-Cuellar A. Pentoxifylline sensitizes human cervical tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappa B and decreased cell senescence. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:483. [PMID: 22074157 PMCID: PMC3229613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most common causes of cancer in women and represents an important mortality rate. Cisplatin (CIS) is a very important antitumoral agent and can lead tumor cells toward two important cellular states: apoptosis and senescence. In some types of cancers pentoxifylline (PTX) sensitizes these cells to the toxic action of chemotherapeutics drugs such as adriamycin, inducing apoptosis. In the present work, we studied in vitro whether PTX alone or in combination with CIS induces apoptosis and/or senescence in cervix cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines infected with HPV types 16 and 18, respectively, as well as in immortalized keratinocytyes HaCaT cells. METHODS HeLa (HPV 18+), SiHa (HPV 16+) cervix cancer cells and non-tumorigenic immortalized HaCaT cells (control) were treated with PTX, CIS or both. The cellular toxicity and survival fraction of PTX and CIS were determinate by WST-1 and clonogenic assays respectively. Apoptosis, caspase activation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, p65 (NF-κB), Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL anti-apoptotic proteins were determinated by flow cytometry. Senescence by microscopy. Phosphorylation of IκBα and IκB total were measured by ELISA. Pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic and senescence genes, as well as HPV-E6/7 mRNA expression, were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Our results show that after 24 hours of incubation PTX per se is toxic for cancer cells affecting cell viability and inducing apoptosis. The toxicity in HaCaT cells was minimal. CIS induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells and its effect was significantly increases when the cells were treated with PTX + CIS. In all studies there was a direct correlation with levels of caspases (-3, -6, -7, -9 and -8) activity and apoptosis. CIS induces important levels of senescence and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, p65/RELA, and IκBα, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Surprisingly these levels were significantly reduced by PTX in tumor cells, and at the same time, increases the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. CONCLUSION PTX sensitizes cervical cancer cells to CIS-induced apoptosis and decreases the CIS-induced senescence in these cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway; diminishes expression of antiapoptotic proteins and the activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Hernandez-Flores
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Kim JH, Kang JW, Kim MS, Bak Y, Park YS, Jung KY, Lim YH, Yoon DY. The apoptotic effects of the flavonoid N101-2 in human cervical cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:67-73. [PMID: 22056764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-cancer effects of a naringenin derivative in human cervical cancer cells. In this study, a synthesized naringenin derivative, diethyl 5,7,4'-trihydroxy flavanone N-phenyl hydrazone (N101-2), inhibited cervical cancer cell growth, whereas naringenin itself exhibited no anti-cancer activity. N101-2 treatment inhibited cancer cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner through cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase, accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death. Expression of cyclins and ppRB was down-regulated, whereas that of CDK inhibitors and p53 increased upon N101-2 treatment. Meanwhile, we detected processing of caspases-8, -9, and -3, cleavage of PARP, as well as Bax up-regulation, which indicates activation of mitochondria-emanated intrinsic apoptosis signaling. Treatment with caspase-8 and -3 inhibitors also recovered cell cycling, and Fas/FasL expression increased in N101-2-treated cervical cancer cells, suggesting that Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis signaling was also activated. The tumor suppressor PTEN and its upstream regulator PPARγ were up-regulated with coincident inhibition of PI3K and phospho-Akt after N101-2 treatment. Taken together, we could conclude that N101-2 induces apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle at sub-G1 phase, activating mitochondria-emanated intrinsic and Fas-mediated extrinsic signaling pathways, and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway in CaSki and SiHa human cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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