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Role of Prosaposin and Extracellular Sulfatase Sulf-1 Detection in Pleural Effusions as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112803. [PMID: 36359323 PMCID: PMC9687327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Unilateral pleural effusion is frequently the initial clinical sign requiring therapeutic thoracentesis, which also offers a diagnostic opportunity. Detection of soluble biomarkers can support diagnosis, but few show good diagnostic accuracy. Here, we studied the expression levels and discriminative power of two putative biomarkers, prosaposin and extracellular sulfatase SULF-1, identified by proteomic and transcriptomic analysis, respectively. Pleural effusions from a total of 44 patients (23 with mesothelioma, 8 with lung cancer, and 13 with non-malignant disease) were analyzed for prosaposin and SULF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pleural effusions from mesothelioma patients had significantly higher levels of prosaposin and SULF-1 than those from non-malignant disease patients. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that both biomarkers have good discriminating power as pointed out by an AUC value of 0.853 (p = 0.0005) and 0.898 (p < 0.0001) for prosaposin and SULF-1, respectively. Combining data ensued a model predicting improvement of the diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.916, p < 0.0001). In contrast, prosaposin couldn’t discriminate mesothelioma patients from lung cancer patients while ROC analysis of SULF-1 data produced an AUC value of 0.821 (p = 0.0077) but with low sensitivity. In conclusion, prosaposin and SULF-1 levels determined in pleural effusion may be promising biomarkers for differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and non-malignant pleural disease. Instead, more patients need to be enrolled before granting the possible usefulness of these soluble proteins in differentiating mesothelioma pleural effusions from those linked to lung cancer.
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Ma L, Chen YH, Liu ZB, Gao L, Wang B, Fu L, Zhang SY, Chen W, Wang H, Xu DX. Supplementation with high-dose cholecalciferol throughout pregnancy induces fetal growth restriction through inhibiting placental proliferation and trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108601. [PMID: 33548476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with adverse pregnant outcomes. Several studies investigated the effects of maternal vitamin D3 supplementation on fetal development with inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation with different doses of vitamin D3 on fetal development. Pregnant mice were administered with different doses of cholecalciferol (0, 2,000, 10,000, 40,000 IU/kg/day) by gavage throughout pregnancy. Fetal weight and crown-rump length were measured. Placental proliferation and mesenchymal characteristics were detected. HTR-8/SVneo cells were incubated in the absence or presence of calcitriol (500 nmol/L) to evaluate the effects of active vitamin D3 on migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells. Although a low dose of cholecalciferol was safe, fetal weight and crown-rump length were decreased in dams treated with high-dose cholecalciferol throughout pregnancy. Placental weight and labyrinth thickness were reduced in mice administered with high-dose cholecalciferol. An obvious calcification was observed in placentae of mice administered with high-dose cholecalciferol. Ki67-positive cells, a marker of placental proliferation, were reduced in mice administered with high-dose cholecalciferol. N-cadherin and vimentin, two mesenchymal markers, were decreased in cholecalciferol-treated mouse placentae and calcitriol-treated human trophoblast cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9, two matrix metalloproteinases, were downregulated in cholecalciferol-treated mouse placentae and calcitriol-treated human trophoblast cells. In addition, trophoblast migration and invasion were suppressed by calcitriol. Supplementation with high-dose cholecalciferol induces fetal growth restriction partially through inhibiting placental proliferation and trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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3
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Lacerenza S, Ciregia F, Giusti L, Bonotti A, Greco V, Giannaccini G, D'Antongiovanni V, Fallahi P, Pieroni L, Cristaudo A, Lucacchini A, Mazzoni MR, Foddis R. Putative Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Suggested by Proteomic Analysis of Cell Secretome. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:225-236. [PMID: 32345664 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) a rare neoplasm linked to asbestos exposure is characterized by a poor prognosis. Soluble mesothelin is currently considered the most specific diagnostic biomarker. The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers by proteomic analysis of two MPM cell lines secretome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein patterns of MPM cells secretome were examined and compared to a non-malignant mesothelial cell line using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Serum levels of candidate biomarkers were determined in MPM patients and control subjects. RESULTS Two up-regulated proteins involved in cancer biology, prosaposin and quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1, were considered candidate biomarkers. Serum levels of both proteins were significantly higher in MPM patients than control subjects. Combining the data of each receiver-operating characteristic analysis predicted a good diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION A panel of the putative biomarkers represents a promising tool for MPM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Bo C, Geng X, Zhang J, Sai L, Zhang Y, Yu G, Zhang Z, Liu K, Du Z, Peng C, Jia Q, Shao H. Comparative proteomic analysis of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats based on tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitation technology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241310. [PMID: 33119648 PMCID: PMC7595299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a systemic disease characterized by chronic persistent inflammation and incurable pulmonary fibrosis with the underlying molecular mechanisms to be fully elucidated. In this study, we employed tandem mass tag (TMT) based on quantitative proteomics technology to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in lung tissues of silica-exposed rats. A total of 285 DEPs (145 upregulated and 140 downregulated) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the biological pathway and functional classification of the proteins. Results showed that these DEPs were mainly enriched in the phagosome, lysosome function, complement and the coagulation cascade, glutathione metabolism, focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interactions. To validate the proteomics data, we selected and analyzed the expression trends of six proteins including CD14, PSAP, GM2A, COL1A1, ITGA8 and CLDN5 using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The consistent result between PRM and TMT indicated the reliability of our proteomic data. These findings will help to reveal the pathogenesis of silicosis and provide potential therapeutic targets. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxiang Bo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Sai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenling Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (QJ); (HS)
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (QJ); (HS)
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5
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Clark DJ, Schnaubelt M, Hoti N, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Gooya M, Zhang H. Impact of Increased FUT8 Expression on the Extracellular Vesicle Proteome in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2195-2205. [PMID: 32378902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication, transporting proteins and nucleic acids to proximal and distal regions. There is evidence of glycosylation influencing protein routing into EVs; however, the impact of aberrant cellular glycotransferase expression on EV protein profiles has yet to be evaluated. In this study, we paired extracellular vesicle characterization and quantitative proteomics to determine the systemic impact of altered α(1,6)fucosyltranferase (FUT8) expression on prostate cancer-derived EVs. Our results showed that increased cellular expression of FUT8 could reduce the number of vesicles secreted by prostate cancer cells as well as increase the abundance of proteins associated with cell motility and prostate cancer metastasis. In addition, overexpression of FUT8 resulted in altered glycans on select EV-derived glycoproteins. This study presents the first evidence of altered cellular glycosylation impacting EV protein profiles and provides further rationale for exploring the functional role of glycosylation in EV biogenesis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Naseruddin Hoti
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahta Gooya
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
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6
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Jiang Y, Zhou J, Hou D, Luo P, Gao H, Ma Y, Chen YS, Li L, Zou D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Jing Z. Prosaposin is a biomarker of mesenchymal glioblastoma and regulates mesenchymal transition through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. J Pathol 2019; 249:26-38. [PMID: 30953361 DOI: 10.1002/path.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive subtype of GBM. Our previous study found that neurotrophic factor prosaposin (PSAP) is highly expressed and secreted in glioma and can promote the growth of glioma. The role of PSAP in mesenchymal GBM is still unclear. In this study, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of PSAP in different GBM subtypes. Human glioma cell lines and patient-derived glioma stem cells were studied in vitro and in vivo, revealing that mesenchymal GBM expressed and secreted the highest level of PSAP among four subtypes of GBM, and PSAP could promote GBM invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like processes in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis and western blotting showed that PSAP mainly played a regulatory role in GBM invasion and EMT-like processes via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, the overexpression and secretion of PSAP may be an important factor causing the high invasiveness of mesenchymal GBM. PSAP is therefore a potential target for the treatment of mesenchymal GBM. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Dianqi Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Dan Zou
- The First laboratory of cancer institute, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- International Education College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First laboratory of cancer institute, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
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7
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Nanjappa V, Raja R, Radhakrishnan A, Jain AP, Datta KK, Puttamallesh VN, Solanki HS, Chavan S, Patil A, Renuse S, Jain A, Mathew D, Thakur R, Guerrero-Preston R, Nair B, Routray S, Mohanty N, Gowda KBL, Jadav R, Ghosal S, Kumar RV, Ramesha C, Raghu VC, Mathur PP, Prasad TSK, Califano JA, Sidransky D, Pal A, Ganesh MS, Ray JG, Pandey A, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Testican 1 (SPOCK1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) show significant increase in saliva of tobacco users with oral cancer. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x18800534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To identify potential candidate proteins which are secretory in nature and present at a higher abundance in oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. Methods: Conditioned media of tobacco-treated and -untreated non-neoplastic oral keratinocytes were analyzed using iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. Hypersecreted proteins; SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1); prosaposin (PSAP); and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using saliva samples from oral cancer patients who are tobacco users. Results: Proteomic analysis of tobacco-treated and -untreated cells led to the identification of 2873 proteins. Among these, 378 proteins showed high abundance and 253 proteins showed low abundance (2-fold cutoff) in conditioned-media of tobacco-treated cells. ELISA-based validation showed significantly higher levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in oral cancer patients with tobacco chewing habits compared to healthy controls. However, PSAP showed low specificity compared to SPOCK1 and PTPRS. Conclusions: This study indicates significantly increased levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in saliva of oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. These protein biomarkers might be useful to identify tobacco users with high risk of developing oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishalakshi Nanjappa
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Hitendra S Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Chavan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anu Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Don Mathew
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reetu Thakur
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha’O’Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Dental Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha’O’Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - KB Linge Gowda
- Department of Anesthetic and Pain Relief, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritesh Jadav
- Deparment of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaluvarayaswamy Ramesha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay C Raghu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Premendu Prakash Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - TS Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandakulutur S Ganesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Deparment of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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8
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Total glucosides of paeony inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182584. [PMID: 28783760 PMCID: PMC5544245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that inflammatory microenvironment promoted prostate cancer progression. This study investigated whether total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the active constituents extracted from the root of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells were incubated with LPS (2.0 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of TGP (312.5 μg /mL). As expected, cells at S phase and nuclear CyclinD1, the markers of cell proliferation, were increased in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Migration activity, as determined by wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay, and invasion activity, as determined by transwell invasion assay, were elevated in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Interestingly, TGP suppressed LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells proliferation. Moreover, TGP inhibited LPS-stimulated migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. Additional experiment showed that TGP inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Correspondingly, TGP attenuated upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. In addition, TGP inhibited nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. These results suggest that TGP inhibits inflammation-associated STAT3 activation and proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.
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9
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Global and Targeted Proteomics of Prostate Cancer Cell Secretome: Combination of 2-Dimensional Image-Converted Analysis of Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry and In Silico Selection Selected Reaction Monitoring Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3440-3452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Wang H, Hu L, Zang M, Zhang B, Duan Y, Fan Z, Li J, Su L, Yan M, Zhu Z, Liu B, Yang Q. REG4 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer through GPR37. Oncotarget 2016; 7:27874-88. [PMID: 27036049 PMCID: PMC5053694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the major reason of recurrence and death after surgery, peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer dooms the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients. Regenerating islet-derived family, member 4 (REG4) is believed to promote peritoneal metastasis, however, its mechanism is still a moot point at present. In the present study, we show that high expression of REG4 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival prognosis for gastric cancer patients. REG4 overexpression significantly enhances peritoneal metastasis by increasing adhesion ability. Moreover, SP1 is proved to be a transcription factor of REG4 and induce REG4 expression upon TGF-alpha stimulation. Also, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is identified to be in the same complex of REG4, which mediates REG4's signal transduction and promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cell. Interestingly, we also discover a positive feedback loop triggered by REG4, amplifying itself through EGFR transactivation, consisting of GPR37, ADAM17, TGF-alpha, EGFR, SP1 and REG4. In conclusion, REG4 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer through GPR37 and triggers a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingde Zang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Department of Surgery, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumeng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ali A, Creevey L, Hao Y, McCartan D, O'Gaora P, Hill A, Young L, McIlroy M. Prosaposin activates the androgen receptor and potentiates resistance to endocrine treatment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:123. [PMID: 26341737 PMCID: PMC4560928 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HOX genes play vital roles in growth and development, however, atypical redeployment of these genes is often associated with steroidal adaptability in endocrine cancers. We previously identified HOXC11 to be an indicator of poor response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. In this study we aimed to elucidate genes regulated by HOXC11 in the endocrine resistant setting. Methods RNA-sequencing paired with transcription factor motif-mapping was utilised to identify putative HOXC11 target genes in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Validation and functional evaluation of the target gene, prosaposin (PSAP), was performed in a panel of endocrine sensitive and resistant breast cancer cell lines. The clinical significance of this finding was explored in clinical cohorts at both mRNA and protein level. Results PSAP was shown to be regulated by HOXC11 in both tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistant cell lines. Transcript levels of HOXC11 and PSAP correlated strongly in samples of primary breast tumours (r = 0.7692, n = 51). PSAP has previously been reported to activate androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. In a panel of breast cancer cell lines it was shown that endocrine resistant cells exhibit innately elevated levels of AR compared to their endocrine sensitive counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation with PSAP can drive AR recruitment to a hormone response element (HRE) in AI resistant breast cancer cells. Functionally, PSAP promotes cell migration and invasion only in AI resistant cells and not in their endocrine sensitive counterparts. In a cohort of breast cancer patients (n = 34), elevated serum levels of PSAP were found to associate significantly with poor response to endocrine treatment (p = 0.04). Meta-analysis of combined PSAP and AR mRNA are indicative of poor disease-free survival in endocrine treated breast cancer patients (hazard ratio (HR): 2.2, P = 0.0003, n = 661). Conclusion The HOXC11 target gene, PSAP, is an AR activator which facilitates adaptation to a more invasive phenotype in vitro. These findings have particular relevance to the development of resistance to AI therapy which is an emerging clinical issue. PSAP is a secreted biomarker which has potential in identifying patients failing to exhibit sustained response to hormonal treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlena Ali
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Laura Creevey
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Damian McCartan
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Peadar O'Gaora
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Arnold Hill
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Leonie Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Marie McIlroy
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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12
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Fersini E, Messina E, Archetti F. A p-Median approach for predicting drug response in tumour cells. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:353. [PMID: 25359173 PMCID: PMC4222443 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-014-0353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The complexity of biological data related to the genetic origins of tumour cells, originates significant challenges to glean valuable knowledge that can be used to predict therapeutic responses. In order to discover a link between gene expression profiles and drug responses, a computational framework based on Consensus p-Median clustering is proposed. The main goal is to simultaneously predict (in silico) anticancer responses by extracting common patterns among tumour cell lines, selecting genes that could potentially explain the therapy outcome and finally learning a probabilistic model able to predict the therapeutic responses. Results The experimental investigation performed on the NCI60 dataset highlights three main findings: (1) Consensus p-Median is able to create groups of cell lines that are highly correlated both in terms of gene expression and drug response; (2) from a biological point of view, the proposed approach enables the selection of genes that are strongly involved in several cancer processes; (3) the final prediction of drug responses, built upon Consensus p-Median and the selected genes, represents a promising step for predicting potential useful drugs. Conclusion The proposed learning framework represents a promising approach predicting drug response in tumour cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0353-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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13
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Koochekpour S, Willard SS, Shourideh M, Ali S, Liu C, Azabdaftari G, Saleem M, Attwood K. Establishment and characterization of a highly tumorigenic African American prostate cancer cell line, E006AA-hT. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:834-45. [PMID: 25076860 PMCID: PMC4115195 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genuine racial differences in prostate cancer (PCa) biology have been considered among the potential reasons to explain PCa disparities. There is no animal model to represent all aspects of human PCa and, more specifically, to be used for PCa disparity research. The lack of a spontaneously transformed in vitro cell-based model system has been a significant impediment to investigating and understanding potential molecular mechanisms, and the hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic factors underlying the biological and clinical aggressiveness of PCa in African American (AA) men. In this study, we established and characterized the E006AA-hT cell line as a highly tumorigenic subline of the previously characterized primary AA-PCa cell line, E006AA. Extensive characterization of the E006AA-hT cell line was accomplished using cytodifferentiation and prostate-specific markers, spectral karyotyping, cell line authentication assays, cell proliferation and migration assays, and in vitro tumorigenesis assays. Spectral karyotyping of E006AA-hT showed a hypertriploid chromosome complement and shared cytogenetic changes similar to its parental cells such as diploid X, absence of Y-chromosomes, numerical gains in chromosomes 5,6,8,10,17,20,21, and marker chromosomes of unknown origin. In addition, E006AA-hT also presented numerous clonal and structural aberrations such as insertion, deletion, duplication, and translocations in chromosomes 1-5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 18. The E006AA-hT cell line was shown to be highly tumorigenic and produced tumors at an accelerated growth rate in both athymic nude and triple-deficient SCID mice. Silencing the mutated androgen receptor (AR-599 Ser>Gly) did not affect proliferation (loss-of-function), but decreased migration (gain-of-function) in E006AA-hT and its parental cell type. These data support that AR-point mutations may lead simultaneously to different “loss-of-function” and “gain-of-function” phenotypes in PCa cells. E006AA-Par and its subline as the only available spontaneously transformed low- and highly-tumorigenic primary AA-PCa cell lines could be used for basic and translational research aimed in supporting prostate cancer disparity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America; ; 2. Department of Urology, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Stacey S Willard
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Shafat Ali
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunhong Liu
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- 3. Department of Pathology, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- 4. Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- 5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Ell B, Qiu Q, Wei Y, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T, Amadori D, Kang Y. The microRNA-23b/27b/24 cluster promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by targeting metastasis-suppressive gene prosaposin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21888-95. [PMID: 24966325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to function as key regulators of tumor progression and metastasis. Recent studies have indicated that the miRNAs comprising the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster might influence tumor metastasis, although the precise nature of this regulation remains unclear. Here, expression of the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster is found to correlate with metastatic potential in mouse and human breast cancer cell lines and is elevated in metastatic lung lesions in human breast cancer patients. Ectopic expression of the miRNAs in the weakly metastatic mouse 4TO7 mammary tumor cell line had no effect on proliferation or morphology of tumor cells in vitro but was found to increase lung metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis. Furthermore, gene expression profiling analysis of miRNA overexpressing 4TO7 cells revealed the direct targeting of prosaposin (PSAP), which encodes a secreted protein found to be inversely correlated with metastatic progression in human breast cancer patients. Importantly, ectopic expression of PSAP was able to suppress the metastatic phenotype in highly metastatic 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 SCP28 cells, as well as in cells ectopically expressing miR-23b/27b/24. These findings support a metastasis-promoting function of the miR-23b/27b/24 cluster of miRNAs, which functions in part through the direct inhibition of PSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ell
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Qiong Qiu
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Yong Wei
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Laura Mercatali
- the Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST IRCCS), Meldola 47014, Italy and
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- the Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST IRCCS), Meldola 47014, Italy and
| | - Dino Amadori
- the Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST IRCCS), Meldola 47014, Italy and
| | - Yibin Kang
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, the Genomic Instability and Tumor Progression Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
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15
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Koochekpour S, Buckles E, Shourideh M, Hu S, Chandra D, Zabaleta J, Attwood K. Androgen receptor mutations and polymorphisms in African American prostate cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:643-51. [PMID: 24948877 PMCID: PMC4062957 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in the normal development of the prostate gland, in prostate carcinogenesis, and in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to advanced metastatic disease. African American (AA) men with PCa present with higher tumor volume, more advanced tumor stage, and higher Gleason score. This could be in part related to the AR expression or activity in the prostate tissue of AA men, or to unique mutations or polymorphisms of the AR. In Caucasian Americans (CAs), AR mutations are rare or infrequent in organ-confined tumors, but occur at a higher rate in advanced, metastatic, or castrate-recurrent disease. In AAs, the prevalence, clinical, and biological significance of AR mutations in PCa are unknown. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of somatic and germline AR mutations in patients with primary PCa in AAs compared with CAs. Due to very limited data available on allelic distribution of E213 (G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we also assessed this in patients with sporadic PCa and in unrelated healthy individuals from both ethnic populations. Somatic missense AR mutations were detected at a higher rate in AAs (17 out of 200 cases) than in CAs (2 out of 100 cases). In AAs, the majority of these mutations (41.1%) were from Gleason 7 tumors, a small portion (23.5%) from Gleason 8 tumors, and the rest (35.2%) from Gleason 6 tumors. Analysis of genomic DNAs extracted from white blood cells of patients with sporadic PCa revealed that the rate of germline AR mutations were also higher (~4 times) in AAs than in CAs. With respect to E213 (G/A) SNP, the E213 A-allele expression was 5.85 times higher in healthy unrelated AA men than in CA men. However, in AAs with somatic AR mutation, the E213 G-allele distribution was almost equal to the A-allele. Silencing of one of the somatic AR mutations (i.e., 597 Ser>Gly) in a primary AA-PCa cell line (e.g., E006AA) revealed that similar AR mutation can be associated simultaneously with both "gain-of-function" phenotype (cell migration and invasion) and a "loss-of-function" phenotype (proliferation). Our data demonstrated a higher susceptibility for genetic alterations in the AR in the form of somatic mutations in sporadic PCa or in the form of germline mutations in AAs as compared with CAs. These data may support the idea that AR-specific hypermutator phenotype in combination with other genes, might serve as a contributing factor to ethnic differences in PCa and potentially different clinical outcome in AAs as a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- 2. Department of Urology, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics, Elm and Carlton streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Erick Buckles
- 3. Department of Biology, Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- 4. Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- 1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - SiYi Hu
- 4. Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- 5. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- 4. Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- 6. Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- 7. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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16
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Costanzi E, Urbanelli L, Bellezza I, Magini A, Emiliani C, Minelli A. Hypermethylation contributes to down-regulation of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase α subunit in prostate cancer cells. Biochimie 2014; 101:75-82. [PMID: 24389457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Hexosaminidase, involved in degradation of glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, is altered in several tumours leading to enhanced migration capacity. To date, the expression of the β-hexosaminidase isoenzymes in prostate cancer cells has not been elucidated. By using PC3, LNCaP, DUCaP, MDAPCa 2b, and hyperplasic prostate (BPH-1) cell lines, we analysed the β-hexosaminidase activity in each cell line and determined β-hexosaminidase α subunit gene expression in PC3, LNCaP, and BPH-1. We then investigated the methylation status of the gene promoter and determined the cellular responses of PC3 and LNCaP after transfection with β-hexosaminidase α subunit. We found that each prostate cancer cell line had a decrease in total hexosaminidase activity and that the lack of hexosaminidase A activity, observed in PC3 and LNCaP cells, was associated with mRNA disappearance. The HEXA promoter region in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines had methylated CpG islands, as confirmed by 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycitidine treatment, in PC3 cells, used as cell cancer model. We also tested, the involvement of hexosaminidase A in the migration capacity by migration assay using Hex α subunit-transfected PC3. Finally, we found that, after Hex α subunit transfection, both PC3 and LNCaP were less susceptible to exogenous ceramide treatment. Results indicate a likely contribution of the lysosomal enzyme to the acquisition of cancerous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidia Costanzi
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Magini
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy
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17
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Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Hendrix MJC. Two Faces of Cathepsin D: Physiological Guardian Angel and Pathological Demon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6. [PMID: 25663755 PMCID: PMC4318633 DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a lysosomal hydrolase, Cathepsin D (CatD) has been the subject of intensive scrutiny by numerous scientists. Those accumulated efforts have defined its biosynthetic pathway, structure, and companion proteins in the context of its perceived “house keeping” function. However, in the past two decades CatD has emerged as a multifunctional enzyme, involved in myriad biological processes beyond its original “housekeeping” role. CatD is responsible for selective and limited cleavage (quite distinct from non-specific protein degradation) of particular substrates vital to proper cellular function. These proteolytic events are critical in the control of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation and migration, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling, immunological processes, ovulation, fertilization, neuronal outgrowth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Consistent with the biological relevance of CatD, its deficiency, altered regulation or post-translational modification underlie important pathological conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological and skin disorders. Specifically, deregulated synthesis, post-translational modifications and hyper-secretion of CatD, along with its mitogenic effects, are established hallmarks of cancer. More importantly, but less studied, is its significance in regulating the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review outlines CatD’s post-translational modifications, cellular trafficking, secretion and protein binding partners in normal mammary gland, and restates the “site-specific” function of CatD which is most probably dictated by its post-translational modifications and binding partners. Noteworthy, CatD’s association with one of its binding partners in the context of drug sensitivity is highlighted, with the optimism that it could contribute to the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agent(s) tailored for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, Illinois, 60614-3394, USA
| | - Mary J C Hendrix
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, Illinois, 60614-3394, USA
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18
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Burch TC, Watson MT, Nyalwidhe JO. Variable metastatic potentials correlate with differential plectin and vimentin expression in syngeneic androgen independent prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65005. [PMID: 23717685 PMCID: PMC3661497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease, ranging from indolent asymptomatic disease to very aggressive metastatic and life threatening forms of the disease. Distant metastasis represents the major lethal cause of prostate cancer. The most critical clinical challenge in the management of the patients is identifying those individuals at risk of developing metastatic disease. To understand the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer metastasis and identify markers with metastatic potential, we have analyzed protein expression in two syngeneic prostate cancer cells lines PC3-N2 and PC3-ML2 using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling and multi-dimensional protein identification technology liquid chromatography matrix assisted laser desorption ionization tandem mass spectrometry. PC3-N2 is lowly metastatic while PC3-ML2 highly metastatic. A total of 1,756 proteins were identified in the analyses with 130 proteins showing different expression levels (p<0.01) in the two cell lines. Out of these, 68 proteins were found to be significantly up-regulated while 62 are significantly down-regulated in PC3-ML2 cells compared with PC3-N2 cells. The upregulation of plectin and vimentin which were the most significantly differentially expressed were validated by Western blot and their functional relevance with respect to invasion and migration was determined by siRNA gene silencing. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that up-regulation of vimentin and plectin expression positively correlates with the invasion and metastasis of androgen-independent PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya C. Burch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Megan T. Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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Jayapalan JJ, Ng KL, Shuib AS, Razack AHA, Hashim OH. Urine of patients with early prostate cancer contains lower levels of light chain fragments of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and saposin B but increased expression of an inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 fragment. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1663-9. [PMID: 23417432 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at the identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in the urine of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and age-matched healthy male control subjects. Using a combination of 2DE and MS/MS, significantly lower expression of urinary saposin B and two different fragments of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain (ITIL) was demonstrated in the PCa patients compared to the controls. However, only one of the ITIL fragments was significantly different between the PCa and BPH patients. When image analysis was performed on urinary proteins that were transferred onto NC membranes and detected using a lectin that binds to O-glycans, a truncated fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 was the sole protein found to be significantly enhanced in the PCa patients compared to the controls. Together, these urinary peptide fragments might be useful complementary biomarkers to indicate PCa as well as to distinguish it from BPH, although further epidemiological evidence on the specificity and sensitivity of the protein candidates is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Verone AR, Duncan K, Godoy A, Yadav N, Bakin A, Koochekpour S, Jin JP, Heemers HV. Androgen-responsive serum response factor target genes regulate prostate cancer cell migration. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1737-46. [PMID: 23576568 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer (CaP) relies on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, but AR-dependent events that underlie the lethal phenotype remain unknown. Recently, an indirect mechanism of androgen action in which effects of AR on CaP cells are mediated by Serum Response Factor (SRF) has been identified. This is the first mode of androgen action to be associated with aggressive CaP and disease recurrence. The manner in which androgen-responsive SRF activity controls aggressive CaP cell behavior is unknown. Here, the contribution of two representative SRF effector genes that are underexpressed, calponin 2 (CNN2), or overexpressed, sidekick-homolog 1 (SDK1), in clinical CaP specimens is studied. AR- and SRF- dependency of CNN2 and SDK1 expression was verified using synthetic and natural androgens, antiandrogens, and small interfering RNAs targeting AR or SRF, and evaluating the kinetics of androgen induction and SRF binding to endogenously and exogenously expressed regulatory gene regions in AR-positive CaP model systems that mimic the transition from androgen-stimulated to castration-recurrent disease. Small interfering RNA-mediated deregulation of CNN2 or SDK1 expression did not affect CaP cell proliferation or apoptosis but had marked effects on CaP cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization. Loss of CNN2 induced cellular protrusions and increased CaP cell migration, whereas silencing of SDK1 led to cell rounding and blunted CaP cell migration. Changes in cell migration did not involve epithelial-mesenchymal transition but correlated with altered β1-integrin expression. Taken together, individual androgen-responsive SRF target genes affect CaP cell behavior by modulating cell migration, which may have implications for therapeutic intervention downstream of AR and SRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa R Verone
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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21
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McConnell RM, Inapudi K, Kadasala N, Yarlagadda K, Velusamy P, McConnell MS, Green A, Trana C, Sayyar K, McConnell JS. New cathepsin D inhibitor library utilizing hydroxyethyl isosteres with cyclic tertiary amines. Med Chem 2013; 8:1146-54. [PMID: 22830497 DOI: 10.2174/1573406411208061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of hydroxyethylamine isosteres as inhibitors of cathepsin D based on SAR data have been accomplished. A library of 96 of these hydroxyethylamine isosteres are described and many have proven to be very potent inhibitors of human cathepsin D activity as measured using a fluorometric assay technique, via peptide substrate Ac-Glu-Glu(Edans)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Cys-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(Methyl Red)-Glu-NH(2). Compounds showing strongest inhibition of cathepsin D activity were those that contain a hydroxyethyl-N'-2- or N'-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazine moiety (IC(50) values range from 0.55 to 8.5 nM), with N'-(2-pyrimidyl)piperizine (IC(50) values range from 0.5 to 21.6 nM), with N-N'- L-piperazinocolinamide (IC(50) values range from 0.001 - 0.25 nM), or N-N'-L-piperazinocolin-N-methylamide (IC(50) values range from 0.015 - 7.3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA.
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22
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Caceres NE, Aerts M, Marquez B, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Devreese B, Van Bambeke F. Analysis of the membrane proteome of ciprofloxacin-resistant macrophages by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). PLoS One 2013; 8:e58285. [PMID: 23505477 PMCID: PMC3591400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of multidrug transporters is a well-established mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy, but other changes may be co-selected upon exposure to drugs that contribute to resistance. Using a model of J774 macrophages made resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and comparing it with the wild-type parent cell line, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis using the stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture technology coupled with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-FT-MS/MS) on 2 samples enriched in membrane proteins (fractions F1 and F2 collected from discontinuous sucrose gradient). Nine hundred proteins were identified with at least 3 unique peptides in these 2 pooled fractions among which 61 (F1) and 69 (F2) showed a significantly modified abundance among the 2 cell lines. The multidrug resistance associated protein Abcc4, known as the ciprofloxacin efflux transporter in these cells, was the most upregulated, together with Dnajc3, a protein encoded by a gene located downstream of Abcc4. The other modulated proteins are involved in transport functions, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization, immune response, signal transduction, and metabolism. This indicates that the antibiotic ciprofloxacin is able to trigger a pleiotropic adaptative response in macrophages that includes the overexpression of its efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Caceres
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Aerts
- Laboratorium voor Eiwitbiochemie en Biomoleculaire Engineering, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Marquez
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Tulkens
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratorium voor Eiwitbiochemie en Biomoleculaire Engineering, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Cathepsin D deficiency induces cytoskeletal changes and affects cell migration pathways in the brain. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 50:107-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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24
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Koochekpour S, Majumdar S, Azabdaftari G, Attwood K, Scioneaux R, Subramani D, Manhardt C, Lorusso GD, Willard SS, Thompson H, Shourideh M, Rezaei K, Sartor O, Mohler JL, Vessella RL. Serum glutamate levels correlate with Gleason score and glutamate blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5888-901. [PMID: 23072969 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During glutaminolysis, glutamine is catabolized to glutamate and incorporated into citric acid cycle and lipogenesis. Serum glutamate levels were measured in patients with primary prostate cancer or metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) to establish clinical relevance. The effect of glutamate deprivation or blockade by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) antagonists was investigated on prostate cancer cells' growth, migration, and invasion to establish biologic relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum glutamate levels were measured in normal men (n = 60) and patients with primary prostate cancer (n = 197) or mCRPCa (n = 109). GRM1 expression in prostatic tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using cell cytotoxicity and modified Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using immunoblotting against cleaved caspases, PARP, and γ-H2AX. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses showed significantly higher serum glutamate levels in Gleason score ≥ 8 than in the Gleason score ≤ 7 and in African Americans than in the Caucasian Americans. African Americans with mCRPCa had significantly higher serum glutamate levels than those with primary prostate cancer or benign prostate. However, in Caucasian Americans, serum glutamate levels were similar in normal research subjects and patients with mCRPC. IHC showed weak or no expression of GRM1 in luminal acinar epithelial cells of normal or hyperplastic glands but high expression in primary or metastatic prostate cancer tissues. Glutamate deprivation or blockade decreased prostate cancer cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion and led to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Glutamate expression is mechanistically associated with and may provide a biomarker of prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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25
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Dimas AS, Nica AC, Montgomery SB, Stranger BE, Raj T, Buil A, Giger T, Lappalainen T, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, McCarthy MI, Dermitzakis ET. Sex-biased genetic effects on gene regulation in humans. Genome Res 2012; 22:2368-75. [PMID: 22960374 PMCID: PMC3514666 DOI: 10.1101/gr.134981.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human regulatory variation, reported as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), contributes to differences between populations and tissues. The contribution of eQTLs to differences between sexes, however, has not been investigated to date. Here we explore regulatory variation in females and males and demonstrate that 12%–15% of autosomal eQTLs function in a sex-biased manner. We show that genes possessing sex-biased eQTLs are expressed at similar levels across the sexes and highlight cases of genes controlling sexually dimorphic and shared traits that are under the control of distinct regulatory elements in females and males. This study illustrates that sex provides important context that can modify the effects of functional genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigone S Dimas
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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26
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A role for presenilins in autophagy revisited: normal acidification of lysosomes in cells lacking PSEN1 and PSEN2. J Neurosci 2012; 32:8633-48. [PMID: 22723704 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0556-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilins 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) are the catalytic subunits of the γ-secretase complex, and genes encoding mutant PS1 and PS2 variants cause familial forms of Alzheimer's disease. Lee et al. (2010) recently reported that loss of PS1 activity lead to impairments in autophagosomal function as a consequence of lysosomal alkalinization, caused by failed maturation of the proton translocating V0a1 subunit of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase and targeting to the lysosome. We have reexamined these issues in mammalian cells and in brains of mice lacking PS (PScdko) and have been unable to find evidence that the turnover of autophagic substrates, vesicle pH, V0a1 maturation, or lysosome function is altered compared with wild-type counterparts. Collectively, our studies fail to document a role for presenilins in regulating cellular autophagosomal function. On the other hand, our transcriptome studies of PScdko mouse brains reveal, for the first time, a role for PS in regulating lysosomal biogenesis.
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27
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Kai F, Tanner K, King C, Duncan R. Myopodin isoforms alter the chemokinetic response of PC3 cells in response to different migration stimuli via differential effects on Rho-ROCK signaling pathways. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2100-7. [PMID: 22915763 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding myopodin, an actin binding protein, is commonly deleted in invasive, but not in indolent, prostate cancers. There are conflicting reports on the effects of myopodin expression on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. The recent recognition that myopodin is expressed as four different isoforms further complicates our understanding of how this potentially important invasive prostate cancer biomarker affects tumor cell migration and invasion. We now show that myopodin affects the chemokinetic, rather than the chemotactic, properties of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, all myopodin isoforms can either increase or decrease PC3 cell migration in response to different chemokinetic stimuli. These migration properties were reflected by differences in cell morphology and the relative dependence on Rho-ROCK signaling pathways induced by the environmental stimuli. Truncation analysis determined that a unique 9-residue C-terminal sequence in the shortest isoform and the conserved, PDZ domain-containing N-terminal region of the long isoforms both contribute to the ability of myopodin to alter the response of PC3 cells to chemokinetic stimuli. Matrigel invasion assays also indicated that myopodin primarily affects the migration, rather than the invasion, properties of PC3 cells. The correlation between loss of myopodin expression and invasive prostate cancer therefore reflects complex myopodin interactions with pathways that regulate the cellular migration response to diverse signals that may be present in a tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuiBoon Kai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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28
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Wu Y, Sun L, Zou W, Xu J, Liu H, Wang W, Yun X, Gu J. Prosaposin, a regulator of estrogen receptor alpha, promotes breast cancer growth. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1820-5. [PMID: 22738294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin, a secreted protein, is a well-known pleiotropic growth factor. Although a previous report has indicated that prosaposin is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, the role of prosaposin in the development of breast cancer remains to be identified. Here, we first revealed that prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by western blot, immunofluorescence assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression through MAPK-signaling pathway using MAPK inhibitor. Proliferation assay and tumor xenograft experiments in nude mice (n = 6 per group) further confirmed prosaposin could promote breast cancer growth significantly in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggested that prosaposin might enhance estrogen receptor alpha-mediated signaling axis and play a role in breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, China
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29
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The interaction of the second Kunitz-type domain (KD2) of TFPI-2 with a novel interaction partner, prosaposin, mediates the inhibition of the invasion and migration of human fibrosarcoma cells. Biochem J 2012; 441:665-74. [PMID: 21943334 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TFPI-2 (tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2) has recently been recognized as a new tumour suppressor gene. Low expression of this protein in several types of cancers allows for enhanced tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for the tumour-suppressor effects of TFPI-2, we performed yeast two-hybrid analysis and identified PSAP (prosaposin) as a TFPI-2-interacting partner. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The region of TFPI-2 that interacts with PSAP is located in the KD2 (Kunitz-type domain 2). Further study showed that PSAP does not affect the function of TFPI-2 as a serine proteinase inhibitor, but that TFPI-2 could inhibit the invasion-promoting effects of PSAP in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The results of the present study revealed that TFPI-2 interacts with PSAP, which may play an important role in the physiology and pathology of diseases such as cancer.
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30
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Koochekpour S, Hu S, Vellasco-Gonzalez C, Bernardo R, Azabdaftari G, Zhu G, Zhau HE, Chung LWK, Vessella RL. Serum prosaposin levels are increased in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:253-69. [PMID: 21630292 PMCID: PMC3406735 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously cloned prosaposin (PSAP) from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) cells and demonstrated its genomic amplification and/or overexpression in metastatic PCa cell lines, xenografts, and lymph node metastases. The clinicohistopathological significance of serum PSAP levels and its tissue expression and association with predictive or prognostic variable in primary or advanced PCa are not known. METHODS We examined PSAP expression by immunohistochemical staining during early embryogenic development of the prostate and within a large tissue microarray which included 266 benign and malignant prostate tissues. In addition, serum PSAP levels in the age-adjusted normal male population and in 154 normal individuals and patients with primary or mCRPCa were measured by an ELISA assay. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant and inverse association between PSAP expression and clinical stages II and III tumors, dominant Gleason patterns 3 and 4, and seminal vesicle invasion. In the normal male population, the lowest serum PSAP level was detected before puberty, peaked at the most reproductive age group (20- to 39-year old), and then, decreased to a range between the two groups for men above 40-year old. Regardless of age and when compared with normal individuals, serum PSAP levels significantly decreased in primary organ-confined PCa, but increased in those with mCRPCa. CONCLUSION Our results show that PSAP has the potential to differentiate between primary and advanced PCa. Additional large-scale studies are needed to define the usefulness of tissue expression or serum PSAP levels as a diagnostic or prognostic marker or as a therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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31
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Zhao T, Zeng X, Bateman NW, Sun M, Teng PN, Bigbee WL, Dhir R, Nelson JB, Conrads TP, Hood BL. Relative quantitation of proteins in expressed prostatic secretion with a stable isotope labeled secretome standard. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1089-99. [PMID: 22077639 DOI: 10.1021/pr200829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) is a proximal fluid directly derived from the prostate and, in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), is hypothesized to contain a repertoire of cancer-relevant proteins. Quantitative analysis of the EPS proteome may enable identification of proteins with utility for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. The present investigation demonstrates selective quantitation of proteins in EPS samples from PCa patients using a stable isotope labeled proteome standard (SILAP) generated through the selective harvest of the "secretome" from the PC3 prostate cancer cell line grown in stable isotope labeled cell culture medium. This stable isotope labeled secretome was digested with trypsin and equivalently added to each EPS digest, after which the resultant mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for peptide identification and quantification. Relative quantification of endogenous EPS peptides was accomplished by comparison of reconstructed mass chromatograms to those of the chemically identical SILAP peptides. A total of 86 proteins were quantified from 263 peptides in all of the EPS samples, 38 of which were found to be relevant to PCa. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a SILAP secretome standard to simultaneously quantify many PCa-relevant proteins in EPS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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