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Lee J, Chung M, Fu Z, Choi J, Lee HJ. The Effects of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract Supplementation on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:388-396. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jounghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, South Korea
| | - Mei Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhuxuan Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jihee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Mateus-Reguengo L, Barbosa-Pereira L, Rembangouet W, Bertolino M, Giordano M, Rojo-Poveda O, Zeppa G. Food applications of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex. O'Rorke) Baill., the 'bush mango': A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2446-2459. [PMID: 31366215 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1646704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Irvingia gabonensis, also known as 'bush mango', is a multipurpose fruit tree, native to tropical Africa. It is a priority indigenous fruit tree in western and central Africa since its wood is used for making utensils and fruits are mostly used as food and medicine. The objective of this work is to provide an updated review of the available knowledge about physicochemical characteristics of I. gabonensis fruit in order to evaluate its potential use in the food industry. The fruit mesocarp contains various phytochemicals and ascorbic acid concentration higher than some vitamin C rich fruits, then it is consumed fresh or dried, used to produce juice and wine, or as a flavourant. I. gabonensis fruit kernel is rich in oil (63%-69% crude fat), mainly composed of myristic and lauric acids. Its triacylglycerol composition and, resultantly, melting curve and polymorphism indicate an aptitude for diverse applications, as it is solid at room temperature. Forty-one phenolic compounds were identified in the seeds and derived extracts and supplements, being ellagic acid and its derivates the most present. This review enhances our knowledge about nutritional content and health benefits of I. gabonensis whole fruit, especially its pulp and seed, evidencing the need for safer and more efficient production of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mateus-Reguengo
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - L Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | | | - M Bertolino
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - M Giordano
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - O Rojo-Poveda
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - G Zeppa
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
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Lieb VM, Schuster LK, Schmarr H, Carle R, Steingass CB. Lipophilic compounds and thermal behaviour of African mango (
Irvingia gabonensis
(Aubry‐Lecomte ex. O'Rorke) Baill.) kernel fat. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M. Lieb
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Laura K. Schuster
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Schmarr
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz Breitenweg 71 Neustadt an der Weinstraße 67435 Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry Instrumental Analytical Chemistry University Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
- Biological Science Department King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80257 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christof B. Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Akinyemi AJ, Okesola MA, Boligon AA, de Campos MMA. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill bark. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:217-224. [PMID: 29381472 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irvingia gabonensis stem bark is a medicinal plant used in most parts of Africa to manage a number of ailments including neurodegenerative diseases that occur without scientific basis. This work characterized the phenolic composition, evaluated the cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) inhibition, and assessed the antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from I. gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill bark. METHODS Total phenol and flavonoids content was evaluated in addition to antioxidant activity as shown by Fe2+ chelation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability. Inhibitory activities on AChE and BChE were evaluated. RESULTS The extract was found to be rich in phenolic acid (ellagic acid) and flavonoids (quercetrin, kaempferol, and apigenin). The phenolic extracts displayed DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50=19.98 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging ability (IC50=18.25 μg/mL), iron chelation (IC50=113.10 μg/mL), and reducing power (Fe3+ to Fe2+) (5.94 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g). Extracts of I. gabonensis inhibited AChE (IC50=32.90 μg/mL) and BChE (IC50=41.50 μg/mL) activities in concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Hence, possible mechanism through which the stem bark executes their anti-Alzheimer's disease activity might be by inhibiting cholinesterase activities in addition to suppressing oxidative-stress-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Mail Bag 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Phone: 234-703-782-4647
| | - Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Omoniyi SA, Idowu MA, Adeola AA, Folorunso AA. Chemical composition and industrial benefits of dikanut (irvingia gabonensis) kernel oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-03-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to review the chemical composition and industrial benefits of oil extracted from dikanut kernels.
Design/methodology/approach
Several literatures on chemical composition of dikanut kernels, methods of oil extraction from dikanut kernels and chemical composition of oil extracted from dikanut kernels were critically reviewed.
Findings
The review showed that proximate composition of dikanut kernels ranged from 2.10 to 11.90 per cent, 7.70 to 9.24 per cent, 51.32 to 70.80 per cent, 0.86 to 10.23 per cent, 2.26 to 6.80 per cent and 10.72 to 26.02 per cent for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents, respectively. The methods of oil extraction from dikanut kernels include soxhlet extraction method, novel extraction method, enzymatic extraction method and pressing method. The quality attributes of dikanut kernel oil ranged from 1.59 to 4.70 g/100g, 0.50 to 2.67 meq/Kg, 4.30 to 13.40 g/100g, 187.90 to 256.50 mg KOH/g and 3.18 to 12.94 mg KOH/g for free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value and acid value, respectively. Also, the percentage compositions of oleic, myristic, stearic, linolenic, palmitic, lauric, saturated fatty acids, monosaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranging from 0.00 to 6.90, 20.50 to 61.68, 0.80 to 11.40, 0.27 to 6.40, 5.06 to 10.30, 27.63 to 40.70, 97.45 to 98.73, 1.82 to 2.12 and 0.27 to 0.49 respectively. The results showed that dikanut kernels has appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate and high level of fat content while oil extracted from dikanut kernels have high saponification value, high myristic acid and high lauric acid.
Research limitations/implications
There are scanty information/published works on industrial products made from oil extracted from dikanut kernels.
Practical implications
The review helps in identifying different methods of extraction of oil from dikanut kernels apart from popular soxhlet extraction method (uses of organic solvent). Also, it helps to identify the domestic and industrial benefits of oil extracted from dikanut kernels.
Originality/value
The review showed that oil extracted from dikanut kernels could be useful as food additive, flavour ingredient, coating fresh citrus fruits and in the manufacture of margarine, oil creams, cooking oil, defoaming agent, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
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Yamoneka J, Malumba P, Blecker C, Gindo M, Richard G, Fauconnier ML, Lognay G, Danthine S. Physicochemical properties and thermal behaviour of African wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed fat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Protective effect of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark extract on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 7:208-14. [PMID: 26109902 PMCID: PMC4436210 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium has been considered a risk factor for humans as it accumulates in body tissues, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones, and reproductive organs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. The study was performed on twenty (20) male rats divided into four groups: control group, cadmium group (4 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally), cadmium + extract (200 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage) and cadmium + extract (400 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage). Changes in the kidney biochemical markers, namely glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), urea, and creatinine were determined in serum. Histological examinations were monitored. Exposure to Cd lowered the activities of kidney antioxidants, while it increased LPO levels. Levels of all disrupted parameters were alleviated by co-administration of IG extract. The malondialdehyde concentration of the rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with the untreated cadmium rats. Yet the creatinine concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05) when the cadmium animals treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract were compared with the cadmium control. Furthermore, histological alterations in the kidney were observed in cadmium untreated rats and these were ameliorated in cadmium treated rats by co-administration of IG extract. IG showed apparent protective and curative effect on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Prophylactic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Irvingia gabonensis Stem Bark against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/894610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prophylactic effect of ethanolic extract of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in male albino rats’ liver was investigated. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, cadmium, and treatment groups. In the prophylactic experiment, Irvingia gabonensis (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage for 21 days before exposure to cadmium. Antioxidant marker enzymes such as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined in the liver and heart alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were monitored and histological examination was carried out. Results indicate that cadmium-induced rats had significantly increased relative weight of liver and heart when compared to controls. Treatment with Irvingia gabonensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg caused a significant decrease in relative weight of the organs. In cadmium-induced rats, serum ALT and AST activities and levels of LPO were increased whereas hepatic and cardiac marker enzymes significantly decreased. Furthermore, histological alteration in liver and aorta was observed in cadmium untreated rats and was ameliorated in cadmium rats treated with Irvingia gabonensis. In conclusion, the extract indicates antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties that eliminate the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of cadmium.
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Zhukova NV, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK. Effect of the prolonged high-fat diet on the fatty acid metabolism in rat blood and liver. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:49. [PMID: 24628762 PMCID: PMC3995525 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contradictory data on consequences of prolonged high-fat diet requires a detailed study of the influence of nutritional high-fat load mechanisms on the peculiarity of lipid metabolism in blood and liver. The present study was undertaken to investigate the fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of the blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver in Wistar rats under the conditions of a prolonged high-fat diet. METHODS The study was conducted on 60 adult white male Wistar rats. The animals were fed on a high-fat diet consisted of the beef fat and cholesterol (19% and 2% of the total diet, respectively) up to 180 days. The fatty acid composition of the polar and neutral lipids of plasma, erythrocytes and liver were analyzed by the gas chromatography. Statistical data processing was performed by the methods of descriptive statistics with Statistica 6.0. RESULTS The prolonged unbalanced diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids resulted in compensatory biosynthesis of the fatty acids in the rat's liver, the inhibition of synthesis of apoproteins and lipoproteins, disruption of the active transport of fatty acids to tissue cells. This launched the accumulation of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the liver and blood plasma and deficiency of 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive adjustment of lipid metabolism un0064er conditions of the high-fat diet induced inhibition of the formation of lipoproteins (VLDL cholesterol) in the liver, compensatory synthesis of 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 20:3n-6 with primary esterification of PUFA n-3 series to neutral lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo str., 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana P Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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Onakpoya I, Davies L, Posadzki P, Ernst E. The efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis supplementation in the management of overweight and obesity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Diet Suppl 2013; 10:29-38. [PMID: 23419021 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2012.760508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the use of the African Bush Mango, Irvingia gabonensis for body weight reduction in obese and overweight individuals. Electronic and nonelectronic searches were conducted to identify relevant RCTs. The bibliographies of located articles were also searched. No age, gender, or language restrictions were imposed. The reporting quality of identified RCTs was assessed using a methodological checklist adapted from the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials Statement and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and assessed the reporting quality of included studies. Three RCTs were identified, and all were included. The RCTs all had flaws in the reporting of their methodology. All RCTs reported statistically significant reductions in body weight and waist circumference favoring I. gabonensis over placebo. The results from the RCTs also suggest positive effects of I. gabonensis supplementation on the blood lipid profile. Adverse events included headache and sleep difficulty. Due to the paucity and poor reporting quality of the RCTs, the effect of I. gabonensis on body weight and related parameters are unproven. Therefore, I. gabonensis cannot be recommended as a weight loss aid. Future research in this area should be more rigorous and better reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igho Onakpoya
- Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Kothari SC, Shivarudraiah P, Venkataramaiah SB, Gavara S, Soni MG. Subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity/genotoxicity studies of Irvingia gabonensis extract (IGOB131). Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1468-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sonwai S, Ponprachanuvut P. Characterization of Physicochemical and Thermal Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Krabok (Irvingia Malayana) and Rambutan Seed Fats. J Oleo Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.61.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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