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A Timing Effect of 17-β Estradiol on Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Female ApoE -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134710. [PMID: 32630298 PMCID: PMC7369926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in size or composition of existing plaques at the initiation of estrogen (E2) therapy may underpin evidence of increased risk of atherosclerosis-associated clinical sequelae. We investigated whether E2 had divergent effects on actively-growing versus established-advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Eight weeks of subcutaneous bi-weekly injections of 3 µg/g 17β-estradiol (n = 18) or vehicle control (n = 22) were administered to female Apolipoprotein null-mice aged 25- or 45 weeks old. Histological assessment of lesion size within the brachiocephalic artery was conducted. Lesion composition was also assessed with acellular, calcification and fibrosis areas measured and other cellular features (intimal thickening, foam cells, lipid pools and cholesterol) scored (0–3) for severity. The comparison showed increased lesion size and calcified area with advancing age but no effect of E2. However, subtle changes in composition were observed following E2. Within the younger group, E2 increased intima thickening and acceleration of calcification. In the older group, E2 increased the thickness of the lesion cap. Therefore, this study shows different effects of E2 depending on the underlying stage of lesion development at the time of initiation of treatment. These divergent changes help explain the controversy of the adverse effects of E2 treatment in cardiovascular disease.
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Rezzani R, Franco C, Favero G, Rodella LF. Ghrelin-mediated pathway in Apolipoprotein-E deficient mice: a survival system. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4263-4276. [PMID: 31396333 PMCID: PMC6684914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Renal diseases interfere with the regulation of several metabolic pathways including dyslipidemia. The latter includes increased triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein levels and decreased high-density lipoproteins. These lipoproteins change during renal injury. Apolipoprotein-E deficient mice (ApoE-/-) are considered a very well accepted model of hypercholesterolemia with marked renal pathological alterations. Ghrelin hormone is mainly secreted from the stomach when the stomach is empty, but it is also found in the kidney. In this organ it has autocrine and/or paracrine roles determining glomerular filtration rate, tubular phosphate and sodium reabsorption. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that ghrelin levels increase after fasting. This mechanism induces an interaction with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/p53 pathway suggesting a link between ghrelin and SIRT1 in the regulation of salt and water metabolism. The mechanisms of ghrelin-induced SIRT1 expression are not yet fully understood. Recent studies indicate that SIRT1 exerts renoprotective properties against kidney diseases. This could be a very interesting point for underlining the important role of the ghrelin-SIRT1 system. Water movement across biological cell membranes is enhanced or facilitated by tetrameric membrane-bound channels, named aquaporin (AQP) family, and in particular, AQP1 and AQP2 proteins. In this study, we evaluated the possible pathway existing among the ghrelin/SIRT1/AQP1/AQP2 system in APOE-/- mice in order to clarify or stress the role played by said system in renal diseases associated to aging with or without comorbities. The results could provide a basis for considering ghrelin as a new target for therapeutic strategies of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)”, University of BresciaBrescia 25123, Italy
| | - Caterina Franco
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)”, University of BresciaBrescia 25123, Italy
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Manzini S, Busnelli M, Parolini C, Minoli L, Ossoli A, Brambilla E, Simonelli S, Lekka E, Persidis A, Scanziani E, Chiesa G. Topiramate protects apoE-deficient mice from kidney damage without affecting plasma lipids. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:189-200. [PMID: 30593851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug also prescribed for migraine prophylaxis that acts through several mechanisms of action. Several studies indicate that topiramate induces weight loss and a moderate reduction of plasma lipids and glucose. Based on these favourable metabolic effects, aim of this study was to evaluate if topiramate could modulate atherosclerosis development and protect target organs of dysmetabolic conditions. Thirty apoE-deficient mice were divided into three groups and fed for 12 weeks a high fat diet (Control) or the same diet containing topiramate at 0.125% and 0.250%. Body weight, water and food intake were monitored throughout the study. Plasma lipids and glucose levels were measured and a glucose tolerance test was performed. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in the whole aorta and at the aortic sinus. Histological analysis of liver, kidney and adipose tissue was performed. Topiramate did not affect weight gain and food intake. Glucose tolerance and plasma lipids were not changed and, in turn, atherosclerosis development was not different among groups. Topiramate did not modify liver and adipose tissue histology. Conversely, in the kidneys, the treatment reduced the occurrence of glomerular lipidosis by decreasing foam cells accumulation and reducing the expression of inflammatory markers. Blood urea nitrogen levels were also reduced by treatment. Our results indicate that topiramate does not affect atherosclerosis development, but preserves kidney structure and function. The study suggests that topiramate could be investigated in drug repurposing studies for the treatment of glomerular lipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Simonelli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eftychia Lekka
- Biovista, 34 Rodopoleos Street Ellinikon, Athens 16777, Greece
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Marek I, Canu M, Cordasic N, Rauh M, Volkert G, Fahlbusch FB, Rascher W, Hilgers KF, Hartner A, Menendez-Castro C. Sex differences in the development of vascular and renal lesions in mice with a simultaneous deficiency of Apoe and the integrin chain Itga8. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:19. [PMID: 28572914 PMCID: PMC5450388 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apoe-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice develop progressive atherosclerotic lesions with age but no severe renal pathology in the absence of additional challenges. We recently described accelerated atherosclerosis as well as marked renal injury in Apoe−/− mice deficient in the mesenchymal integrin chain Itga8 (Itga8−/−). Here, we used this Apoe−/−, Itga8−/− mouse model to investigate the sex differences in the development of atherosclerosis and concomitant renal injury. We hypothesized that aging female mice are protected from vascular and renal damage in this mouse model. Methods Apoe−/− mice were backcrossed with Itga8−/− mice. Mice were kept on a normal diet. At the age of 12 months, the aortae and kidneys of male and female Apoe−/−Itga8+/+ mice or Apoe−/−Itga8−/− mice were studied. En face preparations of the aorta were stained with Sudan IV (lipid deposition) or von Kossa (calcification). In kidney tissue, immunostaining for collagen IV, CD3, F4/80, and PCNA and real-time PCR analyses for Il6, Vegfa, Col1a1 (collagen I), and Ssp1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1, synonym osteopontin) as well as ER stress markers were performed. Results When compared to male mice, Apoe−/−Itga8+/+ female mice had a lower body weight, equal serum cholesterol levels, and lower triglyceride levels. However, female mice had increased aortic lipid deposition and more aortic calcifications than males. Male Apoe−/− mice with the additional deficiency of Itga8 developed increased serum urea, glomerulosclerosis, renal immune cell infiltration, and reduced glomerular cell proliferation. In females of the same genotype, these renal changes were less pronounced and were accompanied by lower expression of interleukin-6 and collagen I, while osteopontin expression was higher and markers of ER stress were not different. Conclusions In this model of atherosclerosis, the female sex is a risk factor to develop more severe atherosclerotic lesions, even though serum fat levels are higher in males. In contrast, female mice are protected from renal damage, which is accompanied by attenuated inflammation and matrix deposition. Thus, sex affects vascular and renal injury in a differential manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-017-0141-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Marek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maurizio Canu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Volkert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rascher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Liu H, Li N, Liu Y, Xing J, Feng S, Li M, Liu J, Gao H, Lu Y, Liu H. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin reduces kidney damage from hypercholesterolemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for kidney injury that can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Emergency
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Emergency
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Emergency
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Mengye Li
- Department of Special Medical Unit
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Geratology
- Dalian Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Heart Intensive Care Unit
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
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Coutinho JVS, Freitas-Lima LC, Freitas FFCT, Freitas FPS, Podratz PL, Magnago RPL, Porto ML, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Brandão PAA, Carneiro MTWD, Paiva-Melo FD, Miranda-Alves L, Silva IV, Gava AL, Graceli JB. Tributyltin chloride induces renal dysfunction by inflammation and oxidative stress in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 260:52-69. [PMID: 27521499 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an organometallic pollutant that is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. TBT induces several toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects. However, studies evaluating the effects of TBT on renal function are rare. This study demonstrates that TBT exposure is responsible for improper renal function as well as the development of abnormal morphophysiology in mammalian kidneys. Female rats were treated with TBT, and their renal morphophysiology was assessed. Morphophysiological abnormalities such as decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased proteinuria levels were observed in TBT rats. In addition, increases in inflammation, collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression were observed in TBT kidneys. A disrupted cellular redox balance and apoptosis in kidney tissue were also observed in TBT rats. TBT rats demonstrated reduced serum estrogen levels and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein expression in renal cortex. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that TBT is toxic to normal renal function and that these effects may be associated with renal histopathology complications, such as inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V S Coutinho
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia P S Freitas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcella L Porto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisca D Paiva-Melo
- Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ian V Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Agata L Gava
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Pei Z, Okura T, Nagao T, Enomoto D, Kukida M, Tanino A, Miyoshi KI, Kurata M, Higaki J. Osteopontin deficiency reduces kidney damage from hypercholesterolemia in Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28882. [PMID: 27353458 PMCID: PMC4926090 DOI: 10.1038/srep28882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for kidney injury, which can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated in the pathology of several renal conditions. This study was to evaluate the effects of OPN on hypercholesterolemia induced renal dysfunction. Eight-week-old male mice were divided into 4 groups: apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) and ApoE/OPN knockout (ApoE−/−/OPN−/−) mice fed a normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol diet (HD). After 4 weeks, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O staining revealed excessive lipid deposition in the glomeruli of ApoE−/−HD mice, however, significantly suppressed in ApoE−/−/OPN−/−HD mice. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression was lower in the glomeruli of ApoE−/−/OPN−/−HD mice than ApoE−/−HD mice. In vitro study, primary mesangial cells were incubated with recombinant mouse OPN (rmOPN). RmOPN induced LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression in primary mesangial cells. Pre-treatment with an ERK inhibitor suppressed the LOX-1 gene expression induced by rmOPN. These results indicate that OPN contributes to kidney damage in hypercholesterolemia and suggest that inhibition of OPN may provide a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouwei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nagao
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Daijiro Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kukida
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanino
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Proteo-Science Center and Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Higaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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