1
|
13-cis-Retinoic Acid Affects Brain Perfusion and Function: In Vivo Study. Mol Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7855924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Study the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-RA), a synthetic analogue of a vitamin A used for the treatment of severe acne, on the blood flow in the rat brain using technetium-99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) imaging. Methods. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control (C), low-dose (L), and high-dose (H) groups. The L and H rats were exposed subcutaneously to 0.3 and 0.5 mg, respectively, of 13-RA per kg of body weight for seven days. Brain blood flow imaging was performed using a gamma camera. Then, a region of interest (ROI) around the brain (target, T), a whole-body region (WB), and a background region (BG) was selected and delimited. The net 99mTc-HMPAO brain counts were calculated as the net target counts,
in all groups. At the end of the 99mTc-HMPAO brain blood flow imaging, the brain, heart, kidney, lung, and liver were rapidly removed, and their uptake was determined. Brain histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stains. In addition, the plasma fatty acids were studied using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results. There were highly significant differences between L and H in comparison to C and across the groups. The 99mTc-HMPAO radioactivity in the brain showed increased uptake in a dose-dependent manner. There were also significant changes in the brain tissues and decreased free fatty acids among the groups compared to C. Conclusion. 13-RA increases 99mTcHMPAO brain perfusion, uptake, and function and reduces fatty acids.
Collapse
|
2
|
Li CP, Li HJ, Nie J, Chen X, Zhou X. Mutation of miR-21 targets endogenous lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:715-721. [PMID: 28337300 PMCID: PMC5340707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disorder characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and abnormal lipid metabolism. Although miR-21 has been implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, it is unknown whether miR-21 could function as a therapeutic target. Here, we perform transfection analysis of miR-21 mimic or control mimic to evaluate the effects of miR-21 expression levels on human HepG2 nonalcoholic fatty liver cells. We used siRNA techniques to knock down miR-21 in HepG2 and control 293T cell lines, and then monitored lipid production and the expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The effects of miR-21 expression levels on LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) expression were evaluated using qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the effects of miR-21 expression levels on LRP6. The results indicated that transfection of miR-21 mimic induced changes in the expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), stearoyl CoA desaturase (1SCD1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα). Transfection of miR-21 mimic suppressed the transcription and translation of LRP6 at the mRNA and protein levels, whereas miR-21 knockdown increased the expression levels of LRP6. Transfection of miR-21 mimic in HepG2 cells also induced lipid production and triggered the expression of critical lipid metabolic enzymes. These data suggest that mutation of miR-21 may be a new therapeutic strategy to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases by targeting endogenous LRP6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou 646000, China
| | - Hong-Jue Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou 646000, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou 646000, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Zhong L, Hong Z, Li Y, Liu X, Pan L, Xin H, Zhu Y. The effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract on lipid metabolism induced by sterols. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 127:251-9. [PMID: 25837921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant pharmacological activities of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were determined before. The aim of this study was to assess whether Z. bungeanum could regulate lipid metabolism. The cholesterol overloading HepG2 cells induced by sterols were used as in vitro model to study lipid-lowering activities of the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction isolated from Z. bungeanum (ZBBu). Male apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-KO) mice with high fat diet were used as in vivo model. We firstly demonstrated ZBBu had effects on reversed lipid accumulation, decreased apoB and enhanced apoA1 secretion. It increased the amount of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein, also significantly inhibited the expression of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2's target molecule (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, HMGCR), which might be active in stimulation of RCT. And the expression of genes involved in RCT, such as CYP27A1, LXR-α, ABCG1, was promoted by ZBBu. Furthermore, ZBBu could reduce serum TC, TG levels in apoE-KO mice. Our study indicated that ZBBu could regulate the lipid metabolism through increasing the amount of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and inducing the expression of genes involved in RCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjie Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyi Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|