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He Y, Han SB, Geng YN, Yang SL, Wu YM. Quantitative analysis of proteins related to chemoresistance to paclitaxel and carboplatin in human SiHa cervical cancer cells via iTRAQ. J Gynecol Oncol 2020; 31:e28. [PMID: 31912682 PMCID: PMC7189068 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify proteins related to paclitaxel and carboplatin chemoresistance in cervical cancer. Methods Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on normal SiHa cells and those treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin for 14 days, with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to identify related processes and differentially expressed proteins. Results A total of 67 and 96 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the paclitaxel- and carboplatin- treated groups, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses identified 53 (43 upregulated and 10 downregulated) and 85 differentially expressed proteins (70 upregulated and 15 downregulated) in the paclitaxel- and carboplatin-treated groups, respectively. The cell counting kit-8 results revealed that APOA1 was overexpressed in both the paclitaxel- and carboplatin- resistant SiHa cells compared with the control cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that APOA1 was highly expressed in the paclitaxel- and carboplatin- resistant squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Conclusion This study is the first to use iTRAQ to identify paclitaxel- and carboplatin- resistance proteins in cervical cells. We identified several proteins previously unassociated with paclitaxel and carboplatin resistance in cervical cancer, thereby expanding our understanding of paclitaxel and carboplatin resistance mechanisms. Moreover, these findings indicate that the APOA1 protein could serve as a potential marker for monitoring and predicting paclitaxel and carboplatin resistance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Su Bin Han
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ning Geng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Li Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Mei Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Dias S, Paredes S, Ribeiro L. Drugs Involved in Dyslipidemia and Obesity Treatment: Focus on Adipose Tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2637418. [PMID: 29593789 PMCID: PMC5822899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2637418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can be defined as a state of disturbed metabolic homeostasis characterized by visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance. The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome will certainly contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Obesity and dyslipidemia are main features of metabolic syndrome, and both can present with adipose tissue dysfunction, involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this syndrome. We revised the effects, and underlying mechanisms, of the current approved drugs for dyslipidemia and obesity (fibrates, statins, niacin, resins, ezetimibe, and orlistat; sibutramine; and diethylpropion, phentermine/topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone, and liraglutide) on adipose tissue. Specifically, we explored how these drugs can modulate the complex pathways involved in metabolism, inflammation, atherogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and adipogenesis. The clinical outcomes of adipose tissue modulation by these drugs, as well as differences of major importance for clinical practice between drugs of the same class, were identified. Whether solutions to these issues will be found in further adjustments and combinations between drugs already in use or necessarily in new advances in pharmacology is not known. To better understand the effect of drugs used in dyslipidemia and obesity on adipose tissue not only is challenging for physicians but could also be the next step to tackle cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dias
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Paredes
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Psoriasis Skin Inflammation-Induced microRNA-26b Targets NCEH1 in Underlying Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:640-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Wang S, Peng DQ, Yi Y. The unsolved mystery of apoA-I recycling in adipocyte. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:35. [PMID: 26911989 PMCID: PMC4765186 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major storage site for triglycerides and free cholesterol, adipose tissue plays a central role in energy metabolism. ApoA-I is the main constituent of HDL and plays an important role in removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Recently, multiple studies have shown beneficial effects of apoA-I on adipose metabolism and function. ApoA-I was reported to improve insulin sensitivity and exert anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity effect in animal studies. Interestingly, Uptake and resecretion of apoA-I by adipocytes has been detected. However, the significance of apoA-I recycling by adipocytes is still not clear. This article reviewed methods used to study cellular recycling of apoA-I and summarized the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in apoA-I uptake by adipocytes. Since the main function of apoA-I is to mediate reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues, the role of apoA-I internalization and re-secretion by adipocytes in intracellular cholesterol transport under physiological and pathological conditions were discussed. In addition, findings on the correlation between apoA-I recycling and obesity were discussed. Finally, it was proposed that during intracellular transport, apoA-I-protein complex may acquire cargoes other than lipids and deliver regulatory information when they were resecreted into the plasma. Although apoA-I recycling by adipocytes is still an unsolved mystery, it's likely that it is more than a redundant pathway especially under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dao-quan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuhong Yi
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Lindahl M, Petrlova J, Dalla-Riva J, Wasserstrom S, Rippe C, Domingo-Espin J, Kotowska D, Krupinska E, Berggreen C, Jones HA, Swärd K, Lagerstedt JO, Göransson O, Stenkula KG. ApoA-I Milano stimulates lipolysis in adipose cells independently of cAMP/PKA activation. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2248-59. [PMID: 26504176 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m054767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoA-I, the main protein component of HDL, is suggested to be involved in metabolic homeostasis. We examined the effects of Milano, a naturally occurring ApoA-I variant, about which little mechanistic information is available. Remarkably, high-fat-fed mice treated with Milano displayed a rapid weight loss greater than ApoA-I WT treated mice, and a significantly reduced adipose tissue mass, without an inflammatory response. Further, lipolysis in adipose cells isolated from mice treated with either WT or Milano was increased. In primary rat adipose cells, Milano stimulated cholesterol efflux and increased glycerol release, independently of β-adrenergic stimulation and phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (Ser563) and perilipin (Ser522). Stimulation with Milano had a significantly greater effect on glycerol release compared with WT but similar effect on cholesterol efflux. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of ABCA1 did not diminish Milano-stimulated lipolysis, although binding to the cell surface was decreased, as analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a well-described cholesterol acceptor, dose-dependently stimulated lipolysis. Together, these results suggest that decreased fat mass and increased lipolysis following Milano treatment in vivo is partly explained by a novel mechanism at the adipose cell level comprising stimulation of lipolysis independently of the canonical cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lindahl
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Catarina Rippe
- Cellular Biomechanics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dorota Kotowska
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewa Krupinska
- Medical Protein Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Helena A Jones
- Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Cellular Biomechanics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olga Göransson
- Protein Phosphorylation, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Guo X, Hao Y, Kamilijiang M, Hasimu A, Yuan J, Wu G, Reyimu H, Kadeer N, Abudula A. Potential predictive plasma biomarkers for cervical cancer by 2D-DIGE proteomics and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1711-20. [PMID: 25427637 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current methods available for screening and detecting cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) have insufficient sensitivity and specificity. As a result, many patients suffered from erroneous and missed diagnosis. Because CSCC is usually asymptomatic at potentially curative stages, identification of biomarkers is an urgent need for the early detection of CSCC. Comparative proteomics based on two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was employed to quantitatively analyze plasma proteins of healthy Uyghur women and with early stage cervical carcinoma. The 2D-DIGE image were analyzed statistically using DeCyder™ 2D software. The statistical analysis of proteomic data revealed that 43 protein spots showed significantly different expression (ratio > 1.5, P < 0.01). A further identification of these protein spots by MALDI-TOF-MS found out 16 different proteins. Bioinformatic analysis within the framework of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA(@)) showed that 10 plasma proteins as candidate biomarker were screened, mainly including lipid metabolism-related proteins (APOA4, APOA1, APOE), complement (EPPK1, CFHR1), metabolic enzymes (CP, F2, MASP2), glycoprotein (CLU), and immune function-related proteins (IGK@). Networks involved in lipid metabolism, molecular transport, and small molecule biochemistry were dysfunctional in CSCC. Acute phase response signaling and JAK/Stat signaling and IL-4 signaling, etc., were identified as the canonical pathways that are overrepresented in CSCC. Furthermore, the expression of three proteins (APOA1, APOE, CLU) were validated using ELISA in plasma of patients with different stage cervical lesion. With the combined proteomic and bioinformatic approach, this study was successful in identifying biomarker signatures for cervical cancer and might provide new insights into the mechanism of CSCC progression, potentially leading to the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Central Laboratory of XinJiang Medical University/Collaborative Innovation Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China,
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7
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Sips FLP, Tiemann CA, Oosterveer MH, Groen AK, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. A computational model for the analysis of lipoprotein distributions in the mouse: translating FPLC profiles to lipoprotein metabolism. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003579. [PMID: 24784354 PMCID: PMC4006703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of lipoprotein metabolism are recognized as indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk. Lipoprotein size and composition, measured in a lipoprotein profile, are considered to be disease risk markers. However, the measured profile is a collective result of complex metabolic interactions, which complicates the identification of changes in metabolism. In this study we aim to develop a method which quantitatively relates murine lipoprotein size, composition and concentration to the molecular mechanisms underlying lipoprotein metabolism. We introduce a computational framework which incorporates a novel kinetic model of murine lipoprotein metabolism. The model is applied to compute a distribution of plasma lipoproteins, which is then related to experimental lipoprotein profiles through the generation of an in silico lipoprotein profile. The model was first applied to profiles obtained from wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. The results provided insight into the interplay of lipoprotein production, remodelling and catabolism. Moreover, the concentration and metabolism of unmeasured lipoprotein components could be determined. The model was validated through the prediction of lipoprotein profiles of several transgenic mouse models commonly used in cardiovascular research. Finally, the framework was employed for longitudinal analysis of the profiles of C57Bl/6J mice following a pharmaceutical intervention with a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. The multifaceted regulatory response to the administration of the compound is incompletely understood. The results explain the characteristic changes of the observed lipoprotein profile in terms of the underlying metabolic perturbation and resultant modifications of lipid fluxes in the body. The Murine Lipoprotein Profiler (MuLiP) presented here is thus a valuable tool to assess the metabolic origin of altered murine lipoprotein profiles and can be applied in preclinical research performed in mice for analysis of lipid fluxes and lipoprotein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fianne L P Sips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Tiemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Kempen HJ, Gomaraschi M, Bellibas SE, Plassmann S, Zerler B, Collins HL, Adelman SJ, Calabresi L, Wijngaard PLJ. Effect of repeated apoA-IMilano/POPC infusion on lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, and serum cholesterol efflux capacity in cynomolgus monkeys. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2341-53. [PMID: 23828780 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m033779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MDCO-216, a complex of dimeric recombinant apoA-IMilano (apoA-IM) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), was administered to cynomolgus monkeys at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg every other day for a total of 21 infusions, and effects on lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, and ex-vivo cholesterol efflux capacity were monitored. After 7 or 20 infusions, free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) were strongly increased, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, and apoA-II were strongly decreased. We then measured short-term effects on apoA-IM, lipids, and (apo)lipoproteins after the first or the last infusion. After the first infusion, PL and FC went up in the HDL region and also in the LDL and VLDL regions. ApoE shifted from HDL to LDL and VLDL regions, while ApoA-IM remained located in the HDL region. On day 41, ApoE levels were 8-fold higher than on day 1, and FC, PL, and apoE resided mostly in LDL and VLDL regions. Drug infusion quickly decreased the endogenous cholesterol esterification rate. ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux on day 41 was markedly increased, whereas scavenger receptor type B1 (SRB1) and ABCG1-mediated effluxes were only weakly increased. Strong increase of FC is due to sustained stimulation of ABCA1-mediated efflux, and drop in HDL and formation of large apoE-rich particles are due to lack of LCAT activation.
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9
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Zhou TB. Signaling pathways of apoE and its role of gene expression in glomerulus diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:73-8. [PMID: 23384034 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.765466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in regulating plasma lipids and lipoproteins levels have been investigated for over several decades. However, in different tissues/cells, the role of apoE was different, such as that it was a risk factor for cancer, but some reports stated that apoE was a protective factor for renal diseases. At the moment, most of the studies find that apoE not only acts as a ligand for metabolism of lipids, but also plays as a factor to regulate lots of signaling pathways. There was rare review to sum up the signaling pathways for apoE, and there was also rare review to widely review the gene expression of apoE in glomerulus diseases. This review was performed to provide a relatively complete signaling pathways flowchart for apoE to the investigators who were interested in the roles of apoE in the pathogenesis of glomerulus diseases. In the past decades, some studies were also performed to explore the association of apoE gene expression with the risk of glomerulus diseases. However, the role of apoE in the pathogenesis of glomerulus diseases was controversial. Here, the signal transduction pathways of apoE and its role of gene expression in the pathogenesis of glomerulus diseases were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
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10
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Keeney JTR, Swomley AM, Förster S, Harris JL, Sultana R, Butterfield DA. Apolipoprotein A-I: insights from redox proteomics for its role in neurodegeneration. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:109-22. [PMID: 23027708 PMCID: PMC3760000 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics has a wide range of applications, including determination of differences in the proteome in terms of expression and post-translational protein modifications. Redox proteomics allows the identification of specific targets of protein oxidation in a biological sample. Using proteomic techniques, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) has been found at decreased levels in subjects with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Down syndrome (DS) with gout subjects. ApoA-I plays roles in cholesterol transport and regulation of inflammation. Redox proteomics further showed ApoA-I to be highly oxidatively modified and particularly susceptible to modification by 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product. In the current review, we discuss the consequences of oxidation of ApoA-I in terms of neurodegeneration. ROS-associated chemotherapy related ApoA-I oxidation leads to elevation of peripheral levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causing a signaling cascade that can contribute to neuronal death, likely a contributor to what patients refer to as "chemobrain." Current evidence suggests ApoA-I to be a promising diagnostic marker as well as a potential target for therapeutic strategies in these neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeriel T. R. Keeney
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aaron M. Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sarah Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica L. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Edgel KA, McMillen TS, Wei H, Pamir N, Houston BA, Caldwell MT, Mai POT, Oram JF, Tang C, Leboeuf RC. Obesity and weight loss result in increased adipose tissue ABCG1 expression in db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:425-34. [PMID: 22179025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with several co-morbid conditions including diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, atherosclerosis and gallstones. Obesity is associated with low systemic inflammation and an accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) that are thought to modulate insulin resistance. ATMs may also modulate adipocyte metabolism and take up lipids released during adipocyte lipolysis and cell death. We suggest that high levels of free cholesterol residing in adipocytes are released during these processes and contribute to ATM activation and accumulation during obesity and caloric restriction. Db/db mice were studied for extent of adipose tissue inflammation under feeding conditions of ad libitum (AL) and caloric restriction (CR). The major finding was a marked elevation in epididymal adipose ABCG1 mRNA levels with obesity and CR (6-fold and 16-fold, respectively) over that seen for lean wild-type mice. ABCG1 protein was also elevated for CR as compared to AL adipose tissue. ABCG1 is likely produced by cholesterol loaded ATMs since this gene is not highly expressed in adipocytes and ABCG1 expression is sterol mediated. Our data supports the concept that metabolic changes in adipocytes due to demand lipolysis and cell death lead to cholesterol loading of ATMs. Based on finding cholesterol-loaded peritoneal leukocytes with elevated levels of ABCG1 in CR as compared to AL mice, we suggest that pathways for cholesterol trafficking out of adipose tissue involve ATM egress as well as ABCG1 mediated cholesterol efflux. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Edgel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, and the Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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12
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Cerda A, Genvigir FDV, Willrich MAV, Arazi SS, Bernik MMS, Dorea EL, Bertolami MC, Faludi AA, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. Apolipoprotein E mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic individuals treated with atorvastatin. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:206. [PMID: 22074026 PMCID: PMC3247903 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a key component of the lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms at the apoE gene (APOE) have been associated with cardiovascular disease, lipid levels and lipid-lowering response to statins. We evaluated the effects on APOE expression of hypercholesterolemia, APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 genotypes and atorvastatin treatment in Brazilian individuals. The relationship of APOE genotypes and plasma lipids and atorvastatin response was also tested in this population. Methods APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 and plasma lipids were evaluated in 181 normolipidemic (NL) and 181 hypercholesterolemic (HC) subjects. HC individuals with indication for lowering-cholesterol treatment (n = 141) were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/day/4-weeks). APOE genotypes and APOE mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by TaqMan real time PCR. Results HC had lower APOE expression than NL group (p < 0.05) and individuals with low APOE expression showed higher plasma total and LDL cholesterol and apoB, as well as higher apoAI (p < 0.05). Individuals carrying ε2 allele have reduced risk for hypercholesterolemia (OR: 0.27, 95% I.C.: 0.08-0.85, p < 0.05) and NL ε2 carriers had lower total and LDL cholesterol and apoB levels, and higher HDL cholesterol than non-carriers (p < 0.05). APOE genotypes did not affect APOE expression and atorvastatin response. Atorvastatin treatment do not modify APOE expression, however those individuals without LDL cholesterol goal achievement after atorvastatin treatment according to the IV Brazilian Guidelines for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention had lower APOE expression than patients with desirable response after the treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions APOE expression in PBMC is modulated by hypercholesterolemia and the APOE mRNA level regulates the plasma lipid profile. Moreover the expression profile is not modulated neither by atorvastatin nor APOE genotypes. In our population, APOE ε2 allele confers protection against hypercholesterolemia and a less atherogenic lipid profile. Moreover, low APOE expression after treatment of patients with poor response suggests a possible role of APOE level in atorvastatin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Cerda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Fan J, Stukas S, Wong C, Chan J, May S, DeValle N, Hirsch-Reinshagen V, Wilkinson A, Oda MN, Wellington CL. An ABCA1-independent pathway for recycling a poorly lipidated 8.1 nm apolipoprotein E particle from glia. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1605-16. [PMID: 21705806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m014365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transport in the brain is coordinated by glial-derived lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein E (apoE) as their primary protein. Here we show that apoE is secreted from wild-type (WT) primary murine mixed glia as nascent lipoprotein subspecies ranging from 7.5 to 17 nm in diameter. Negative-staining electron microscropy (EM) revealed rouleaux, suggesting a discoidal structure. Potassium bromide (KBr) density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that all subspecies, except an 8.1 nm particle, were lipidated. Glia lacking the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 secreted only 8.1 nm particles, which were poorly lipidated and nondiscoidal but could accept lipids to form the full repertoire of WT apoE particles. Receptor-associated-protein (RAP)-mediated inhibition of apoE receptor function blocked appearance of the 8.1 nm species, suggesting that this particle may arise through apoE recycling. Selective deletion of the LDL receptor (LDLR) reduced the level of 8.1 nm particle production by approximately 90%, suggesting that apoE is preferentially recycled through the LDLR. Finally, apoA-I stimulated secretion of 8.1 nm particles in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that nascent glial apoE lipoproteins are secreted through multiple pathways and that a greater understanding of these mechanisms may be relevant to several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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