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Boidin M, Erskine RM, Thijssen DHJ, Dawson EA. Exercise modality, but not exercise training, alters the acute effect of exercise on endothelial function in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1716-1723. [PMID: 33955262 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a within-subject crossover design to examine the impact of exercise modality, i.e., resistance (RT) and endurance (END), on the acute impact of exercise on endothelial function. Then, we examined whether a 4-wk period of chronic exercise training altered the acute exercise-induced change in endothelial function in healthy individuals. Thirty-four healthy, young men (21 ± 2 yr) reported to our laboratory and completed assessment of endothelial function [using the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation test (FMD)] before and immediately after a single bout of RT (leg-extension) or END (cycling). Subsequently, participants completed a 4-wk period of training (12 sessions), followed by evaluation of the FMD before and after a single bout of exercise. Following a 3-wk washout, participants repeated these experiments with the different exercise modality (in a balanced crossover design). An exercise × modality interaction effect was found (P < 0.001). Post hoc pairwise analyses revealed a decrease in FMD after END (P < 0.001) but not after RT (P = 0.06). Four weeks of exercise training improved resting FMD after END and RT (P = 0.04) but did not alter the acute effect of exercise on FMD (exercise × modality × training effect: P = 0.63), an effect independent of the modality of exercise (exercise × training interaction: P = 0.46 and P = 0.11 in RT and END, respectively). These distinct changes in FMD following acute exercise may relate to the different prolonged physiological responses induced by endurance versus resistance exercise. Specifically, endurance exercise, but not resistance exercise, causes a decrease in brachial artery endothelial function, which was unaffected by 4 wk of chronic exercise training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that resistance and endurance exercise modalities lead to different endothelial function responses after a single bout of exercise. Endothelial function increased after an acute bout of resistance exercise, whereas it decreased after an acute bout of endurance exercise. Four weeks of chronic exercise training did not affect the acute endothelial function response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boidin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EPIC) Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Adele Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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de Oliveira GV, Mendes Cordeiro E, Volino-Souza M, Rezende C, Conte-Junior CA, Silveira Alvares T. Flow-Mediated Dilation in Healthy Young Individuals Is Impaired after a Single Resistance Exercise Session. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145194. [PMID: 32708408 PMCID: PMC7400374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current pool of data investigating the effects of a single resistance exercise session on endothelial function is divergent and inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a single resistance exercise session on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in trained individuals. Eleven healthy, young, recreationally resistance-trained individuals participated in the study. After determining the resistance exercise workload, the participants performed three sets of 10–12 repetition of leg press and leg extension exercises. By using ultrasound equipment, brachial artery FMD was assessed before (PRE) and 30 min after (POST) the resistance exercise protocol or resting (control) to evaluate endothelial function. A significant reduction in FMD response (PRE: 5.73% ± 1.21% vs. POST: 4.03% ± 1.94%, p < 0.01) after resistance exercise was observed, accompanied by a large effect size (d = 1.05). No significant difference was observed in FMD in the control condition (PRE: 5.82% ± 1.19% vs. POST: 5.66% ± 1.24%, p = 0.704). Additionally, no significant difference in baseline brachial artery diameter between resistance exercise (PRE: 3.30 ± 0.32 vs. POST: 3.40 ± 0.34 mm, p = 0.494) and resting (PRE: 3.64 ± 0.41 vs. POST: 3.67 ± 0.62 mm, p = 0.825) was observed. Our findings showed that a single resistance exercise session induced a reduction in FMD in resistance-trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo Mendes Cordeiro
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil
| | - Mônica Volino-Souza
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Cristina Rezende
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Thiago Silveira Alvares
- Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil; (G.V.d.O.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.-S.); (C.R.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Products and Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro 27971-525, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-99989-6554
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Chen Z, Sultan LR, Schultz SM, Cary TW, Sehgal CM. Brachial flow-mediated dilation by continuous monitoring of arterial cross-section with ultrasound imaging. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2019; 27:241-251. [PMID: 31762781 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x19857770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and often predisposes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In this study, we propose a user-guided automated approach for monitoring arterial cross-section during hyperemic response to improve reproducibility and sensitivity of flow-mediated dilation. Material and methods Ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery was performed in 11 volunteers in cross-sectional and in 5 volunteers in longitudinal view. During each examination, images were recorded continuously before and after inducing ischemia. Time-dilation curves of the brachial lumen cross-section were measured by user-guided automated segmentation of brachial images with the feed-forward active contour (FFAC) algorithm. %FMD was determined by the ratio of peak dilation to the baseline value. Each measurement was repeated twice in two sessions 1 h apart on the same arm to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements. The intra-subject variation in flow-mediated dilation between two sessions (subject-specific) and inter-group variation in flow-mediated dilation with all the subjects within a session grouped together (group-specific) were measured for FFAC. The FFAC measurements were compared with the conventional diameter measurements made using echo tracking in longitudinal views. Results Flow-mediated dilation values for cross-sectional area were greater than those measured by diameter dilation: 33.1% for cross-sectional area compared to 22.5% for diameter. Group-specific flow-mediated dilation measurements for cross-sectional area were highly reproducible: 33.2% vs. 33.0% (p > 0.05) with coefficient of variation CV of 0.4%. The group-specific flow-mediated dilations measured by echo tracking for the two sessions were 21.1 vs. 23.9% with CV of 9%. Subject-specific CV for cross-sectional area by FFAC was 10% ± 2% versus 24% ± 10% for the conventional approach. Using correlation as a metric of evaluation also showed better performance for cross-sectional imaging: correlation coefficient, R, between two sessions for cross-sectional area was 0.92 versus 0.72 for the conventional approach based on diameter measurements. Conclusion Peak dilation area measured by continuous automated monitoring of cross-sectional area of the brachial artery provides more reproducible and higher-sensitivity measurement of flow-mediated dilation compared to the conventional approach of using vascular diameter measured using longitudinal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ultrasound Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Laith R Sultan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Schultz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore W Cary
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chandra M Sehgal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Credeur DP, Vana LM, Kelley ET, Stoner L, Dolbow DR. Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Leg Vascular Function in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 42:586-594. [PMID: 28770654 PMCID: PMC6758639 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1360557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether 60 mins of intermittent pneumatic compression therapy (IPC) could acutely increase leg blood flow-induced shear stress and enhance vascular endothelial function in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Pretest with multiple posttests, within subject randomized control design. Setting: University of Southern Mississippi, Spinal Cord Injury Research Program within the School of Kinesiology, recruiting from the local community in Hattiesburg, Jackson, and Gulfport, MS. Participants: Eight adults with SCI (injury level: T3 and below; ASIA class A-C; age: 41±17 yrs). Interventions: A 60-min IPC session was performed in one leg (experimental leg; EXP), with the other leg serving as a control (CON). Outcomes Measures: Posterior-tibial artery shear rate (Doppler-ultrasound) was examined at rest, and at 15 and 45 mins during IPC. Endothelial function was assessed using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique, before and after IPC. Results: Resting FMD (mm) was similar between legs at rest. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (leg x time) revealed that during IPC, peak shear rate increased in the EXP leg (215±137 to 285±164 s-1 at 15 mins; +39±29%, P = 0.03), with no change occurring in the CON. In addition, FMD significantly increased in the EXP leg (Pre IPC: 0.36±0.14 vs. Post IPC: 0.47±0.17 mm; P = 0.011, d = 0.66), with no change occurring in the CON leg. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggests that IPC therapy may acutely increase leg shear stress within 15 mins, with a resultant moderate-large improvement in vascular endothelial function after 60 mins in people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Credeur
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Lena M. Vana
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Edward T. Kelley
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- The Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R. Dolbow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA,Correspondence to: Daniel P. Credeur, School of Kinesiology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
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Serviente C, Witkowski S. Follicle-stimulating hormone, but not cardiorespiratory fitness, is associated with flow-mediated dilation with advancing menopausal stage. Menopause 2019; 26:531-539. [PMID: 30489425 PMCID: PMC6483873 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate if there are differences in endothelial function before and after acute exercise in women at different menopausal stages with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Participants were healthy high-fit premenopausal (n = 11), perimenopausal (n = 12), and postmenopausal women (n = 13) and low-fit perimenopausal (n = 7) and postmenopausal women (n = 8). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before and after acute moderate intensity exercise. FMD was calculated as (Diameterpeak-Diameterbaseline)/ Diameterbaseline) × 100. Differences between high-fit women and between high- and low-fit perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were assessed with repeated-measure ANOVAs. Relations with FMD were assessed with Pearson correlations. RESULTS FMD was reduced with progressive menopausal stage in high-fit women (P = 0.005) and was lower in perimenopausal compared to postmenopausal women (P = 0.047). FMD was lower in high-fit compared to low-fit women (P = 0.006) and there was no relation between FMD and VO2peak (P > 0.05). There was an inverse relation between FMD and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.05), but not estradiol (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that endothelial function is lower with progressive menopausal stage in women with high cardiorespiratory fitness; that FMD is lower in women with higher cardiorespiratory fitness; and that FSH, but not estradiol, is associated with FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Serviente
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Kinesiology, Amherst, MA
- Pennsylvania State University, Center for Healthy Aging, University Park, PA
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Kinesiology, Amherst, MA
- Smith College, Department of Exercise and Sports Studies, Northampton, MA
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Hashimoto Y, Okamoto T. Acute effects of walking in water on vascular endothelial function and heart rate variability in healthy young men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:452-459. [PMID: 30141976 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1506468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aquatic exercise might improve endothelial function due to hydrostatic pressure increasing blood flow and causing shear stress to the endothelium. However, the acute effect of aerobic exercise in water on endothelial function is unclear. The present study compares the acute effect of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity in water and on land on endothelial function. METHODS Nine healthy young men walked on a treadmill for 30 min while immersed in water up to the xiphoid at 30.0 ± 0.2°C and on land at an intensity equivalent to 60% heart rate reserve in a crossover trial. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at baseline and at 30 and 60 min after exercise. Autonomic nervous activity was compared among conditions at the heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise. RESULTS FMD significantly decreased at 30 min after exercise on land trial (p < 0.05), but did not change after the aquatic trial. However, FMD was significantly higher after aquatic trial than land trial (p < 0.05) at 30 and 60 min after exercise, whereas heart rate, blood pressure, and HRV did not significantly differ between them. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that aerobic exercise in water suppressed the decrease in FMD compared with that on land, regardless of autonomic nervous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Hashimoto
- a Department of Health and Sport Science , Nippon Sport Science University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- b Department of Exercise Physiology , Nippon Sport Science University , Tokyo , Japan
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7
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Shenouda N, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ, MacDonald MJ. Brachial artery endothelial function is unchanged after acute sprint interval exercise in sedentary men and women. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:968-975. [PMID: 29726077 DOI: 10.1113/ep086677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the acute brachial artery endothelial function response to sprint interval exercise and are there sex-based differences? What is the main finding and its importance? Brachial artery endothelial function did not change in either men or women following an acute session of SIT consisting of 3 × 20 s 'all-out' cycling sprints. Our findings suggest this low-volume protocol may not be sufficient to induce functional changes in the brachial artery of sedentary, but otherwise healthy adults. ABSTRACT Sprint interval training (SIT) is a potent metabolic stimulus, but studies examining its acute effects on brachial artery endothelial function are limited. The influence of oestradiol on the acute arterial response to this type of exercise is also unknown. We investigated the brachial artery endothelial function response to a single session of SIT in sedentary healthy men (n = 8; 22 ± 4 years) and premenopausal women tested in the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (n = 8; 21 ± 3 years). Participants performed 3 × 20 s 'all-out' cycling sprints interspersed with 2 min of active recovery. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and haemodynamic parameters were measured before and 1 and 24 h post-exercise. Despite attenuations in some haemodynamic parameters at 1 h post-exercise, there were no changes in absolute (P = 0.23), relative (P = 0.23) or allometrically scaled FMD (P = 0.38) following a single session of SIT. Resting and peak dilatory diameters did not change in men or women (P > 0.05 for all) and there were no interactions between time and sex for any measure (P > 0.05). Oestradiol was not correlated with relative FMD at baseline (r = -0.22, P = 0.42) or with the change in relative FMD from baseline to 1 h post-exercise (r = 0.24, P = 0.40). Overall, brachial artery FMD appears to be unchanged in men and women following an acute session of SIT, and the higher oestradiol concentrations in women do not augment the baseline or post-exercise FMD response. The 3 × 20 s model of low-volume sprint interval exercise may not be sufficient to alter brachial artery endothelial function in healthy men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninette Shenouda
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Iwamoto E, Bock JM, Casey DP. High-Intensity Exercise Enhances Conduit Artery Vascular Function in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:124-130. [PMID: 28817509 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modulation of vascular function follows an exercise intensity-dependent pattern in young adults. This study aimed to investigate the potential intensity-dependent effects of an acute bout of exercise on conduit and resistance artery function in healthy older adults. METHODS Eleven healthy older adults (five males/six females, 66 ± 1 yr) completed 30 min of recumbent cycling at 50%-55% (low intensity) and 75%-80% (high intensity) of their age-predicted HRmax on two separate study visits. Doppler ultrasound measures of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia were taken at baseline, 10 min postexercise, and 1 h postexercise. In addition, cardiovascular hemodynamics and brachial shear rate were measured every 5 min during exercise. RESULTS Brachial artery FMD was enhanced 10 min after high-intensity exercise (4.8% ± 0.2% to 9.1% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01), but not low-intensity (4.7% ± 0.2% to 6.2% ± 0.3%, P = 0.54) exercise. Peak and total (area under the curve) blood flow during reactive hyperemia (measures of resistance artery function) were enhanced 10 min postexercise for both intensities (peak low intensity, 372 ± 31 to 444 ± 37 mL·min; peak high intensity, 391 ± 30 to 455 ± 28 mL·min; total low intensity, 142 ± 16 to 205 ± 20 mL; total high intensity, 158 ± 14 to 240 ± 25 mL; main effect of time for both, P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of change in peak and the total blood flow were not different between exercise intensities (interaction effect; P = 0.56 and P = 0.97, respectively). Independent of exercise intensity, FMD returned to baseline 1 h after exercise (high, 5.9% ± 0.3%; low, 5.1% ± 0.1%; both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that high-intensity exercise acutely enhances conduit artery function in healthy older adults. In addition, an acute bout of exercise enhances resistance artery function independent of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iwamoto
- 1Human Integrative and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; 2School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, JAPAN; 3Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 4Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Dawson EA, Cable NT, Green DJ, Thijssen DHJ. Do acute effects of exercise on vascular function predict adaptation to training? Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:523-530. [PMID: 29234916 PMCID: PMC5805792 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose No previous study has explored the importance of exercise-induced changes in vascular function to prolonged adaptations. Therefore, the purpose was to explore the within-subject relationship between the acute post-exercise change in brachial artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) and the change in resting FMD after a 2-week exercise training in healthy volunteers. Methods Twenty one healthy, young men (24 ± 5 years) underwent assessment of brachial artery FMD using high-resolution ultrasound before and after 30-min of moderate-intensity cycle exercise (80% maximal heart rate). Subsequently, subjects performed five 30-min cycle exercise bouts at 80% maximal heart rate across a 2-week period, followed by repeat assessment of resting brachial FMD post-training. Results Correcting for changes in diameter and shear, FMD did not change after the initial exercise bout (P = 0.26). However, a significant correlation was found between post-exercise changes in FMD and adaptation in resting FMD after training (r = 0.634, P = 0.002), where an acute decrease in post-exercise FMD resulted in a decrease in baseline FMD after 2 weeks and vice versa. We also found a positive correlation between antegrade shear rate during exercise and change in FMD% after acute exercise and after exercise training (r = 0.529 and 0.475, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that acute post-exercise changes in vascular function are related to changes in resting FMD after a 2-week endurance exercise training period in healthy men, an effect that may be related to exercise-induced increases in antegrade shear rate. This provides further insight into the relevance of acute changes in shear and FMD for subsequent adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - N Timothy Cable
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Sports Science, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel J Green
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Principal Research Fellow, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Tymko MM, Tremblay JC, Hansen AB, Howe CA, Willie CK, Stembridge M, Green DJ, Hoiland RL, Subedi P, Anholm JD, Ainslie PN. The effect of α 1 -adrenergic blockade on post-exercise brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation at sea level and high altitude. J Physiol 2016; 595:1671-1686. [PMID: 28032333 DOI: 10.1113/jp273183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Our objective was to quantify endothelial function (via brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation) at sea level (344 m) and high altitude (3800 m) at rest and following both maximal exercise and 30 min of moderate-intensity cycling exercise with and without administration of an α1 -adrenergic blockade. Brachial endothelial function did not differ between sea level and high altitude at rest, nor following maximal exercise. At sea level, endothelial function decreased following 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, and this decrease was abolished with α1 -adrenergic blockade. At high altitude, endothelial function did not decrease immediately after 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, and administration of α1 -adrenergic blockade resulted in an increase in flow-mediated dilatation. Our data indicate that post-exercise endothelial function is modified at high altitude (i.e. prolonged hypoxaemia). The current study helps to elucidate the physiological mechanisms associated with high-altitude acclimatization, and provides insight into the relationship between sympathetic nervous activity and vascular endothelial function. ABSTRACT We examined the hypotheses that (1) at rest, endothelial function would be impaired at high altitude compared to sea level, (2) endothelial function would be reduced to a greater extent at sea level compared to high altitude after maximal exercise, and (3) reductions in endothelial function following moderate-intensity exercise at both sea level and high altitude are mediated via an α1 -adrenergic pathway. In a double-blinded, counterbalanced, randomized and placebo-controlled design, nine healthy participants performed a maximal-exercise test, and two 30 min sessions of semi-recumbent cycling exercise at 50% peak output following either placebo or α1 -adrenergic blockade (prazosin; 0.05 mg kg -1 ). These experiments were completed at both sea-level (344 m) and high altitude (3800 m). Blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry), and brachial artery blood flow and shear rate (ultrasound) were recorded before, during and following exercise. Endothelial function assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured before, immediately following and 60 min after exercise. Our findings were: (1) at rest, FMD remained unchanged between sea level and high altitude (placebo P = 0.287; prazosin: P = 0.110); (2) FMD remained unchanged after maximal exercise at sea level and high altitude (P = 0.244); and (3) the 2.9 ± 0.8% (P = 0.043) reduction in FMD immediately after moderate-intensity exercise at sea level was abolished via α1 -adrenergic blockade. Conversely, at high altitude, FMD was unaltered following moderate-intensity exercise, and administration of α1 -adrenergic blockade elevated FMD (P = 0.032). Our results suggest endothelial function is differentially affected by exercise when exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding the chronic impacts of hypoxaemia on exercise, and the interactions between the α1 -adrenergic pathway and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Alex B Hansen
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Connor A Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Chris K Willie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Prajan Subedi
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Section, Medical Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - James D Anholm
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Section, Medical Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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11
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Francois ME, Durrer C, Pistawka KJ, Halperin FA, Little JP. Resistance-based interval exercise acutely improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1258-H1267. [PMID: 27638878 PMCID: PMC5130498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00398.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Different modes of exercise, disease, and training status can modify endothelial shear stress and result in distinct effects on endothelial function. To date, no study has examined the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and training status on the acute endothelial response to different modes of interval exercise (INT). We examined the effect of a single session of resistance- and cardio-based INT compared with a time-matched control on endothelial function in 12 age-matched T2D participants, 12 untrained, and 11 trained adults (aged 56 ± 7 yr). Flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) of the brachial artery was assessed at baseline and immediately, 1, and 2 h after an acute bout of cardio interval (C-INT), resistance interval (R-INT), and seated control (CTL); these interventions were randomized and separated by >2 days. C-INT involved seven 1-min cycling intervals at 85% of peak power with 1-min recovery between. R-INT involved the same pattern of seven 1-min intervals using leg resistance exercises. Endothelial function (%FMD) was improved after R-INT in all groups (Condition × Time interaction, P < 0.01), an effect that was most robust in T2D where %FMD was higher immediately (+4.0 ± 2.8%), 1 h (+2.5 ± 2.5%), and 2 h (+1.9 ± 1.9%) after R-INT compared with CTL (P < 0.01 for all). C-INT improved %FMD in T2D at 1-h postexercise (+1.6 ± 2.2%, P = 0.03) compared with CTL. In conclusion, R-INT acutely improves endothelial function throughout the 2-h postexercise period in T2D patients. The long-term impact of resistance exercise performed in an interval pattern is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E Francois
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Cody Durrer
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Kevin J Pistawka
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna Cardiology Associates, Kelowna, British Columbia
| | - Frank A Halperin
- Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna Cardiology Associates, Kelowna, British Columbia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and
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12
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Serviente C, Troy LM, de Jonge M, Shill DD, Jenkins NT, Witkowski S. Endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise in perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R841-R850. [PMID: 27534876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00189.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are characteristics of subclinical atherosclerosis and may increase through progressive menopausal stages. Evaluating endothelial responses to acute exercise can reveal underlying dysfunction not apparent in resting conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate markers of endothelial function and inflammation before and after acute exercise in healthy low-active perimenopausal (PERI) and late postmenopausal (POST) women. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), CD31+/CD42b- and CD62E+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs), and the circulating inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured before and 30 min after acute exercise. Before exercise, FMD was not different between groups (PERI: 6.4 ± 0.9% vs. POST: 6.5 ± 0.8%, P = 0.97); however, after acute exercise PERI tended to improve FMD (8.5 ± 0.9%, P = 0.09), whereas POST did not (6.2 ± 0.8%, P = 0.77). Independent of exercise, we observed transient endothelial dysfunction in POST with repeated FMD measures. There was a group × exercise interaction for CD31+/CD42b- EMPs (P = 0.04), where CD31+/CD42b- EMPs were similar before exercise (PERI: 57.0 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 58.5 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.86) but were higher in POST following exercise (PERI: 48.2 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 69.4 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.023). CD62E+ EMPs were lower in PERI compared with POST before exercise (P < 0.001) and increased in PERI (P = 0.04) but did not change in POST (P = 0.68) in response to acute exercise. After acute exercise, MCP-1 (P = 0.055), TNF-α (P = 0.02), and IL-8 (P < 0.001) were lower in PERI but only IL-8 decreased in POST (P < 0.001). Overall, these data suggest that perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women display different endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Serviente
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Troy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts; and
| | - Maxine de Jonge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts;
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Sarais G, Crisafulli A, Concu D, Fois A, Raweh A, Concu A. Hydroxytyrosol But Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.815170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Effects of Exercise Intensity on Postexercise Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:723679. [PMID: 26583061 PMCID: PMC4637109 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To measure endothelial function and oxidative stress immediately, 90 minutes, and three hours after exercise of varying intensities. Methods. Sixteen apparently healthy men completed three exercise bouts of treadmill running for 30 minutes at 55% V˙O2max (mild); 20 minutes at 75% V˙O2max (moderate); or 5 minutes at 100% V˙O2max (maximal) in random order. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed with venous blood samples drawn for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), and lipid soluble antioxidants. Results. LOOH increased immediately following moderate exercise (P < 0.05). ET-1 was higher immediately after exercise and 3 hours after exercise in the mild trial compared to maximal one (P < 0.05). Transient decreases were detected for ΔFMD/ShearAUC from baseline following maximal exercise, but it normalised at 3 hours after exercise (P < 0.05). Shear rate was higher immediately after exercise in the maximal trial compared to mild exercise (P < 0.05). No changes in baseline diameter, peak diameter, absolute change in diameter, or FMD were observed following any of the exercise trials (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Acute exercise at different intensities elicits varied effects on oxidative stress, shear rate, and ET-1 that do not appear to mediate changes in endothelial function measured by FMD.
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15
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Impact of handgrip exercise intensity on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1705-13. [PMID: 25805181 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies that have examined the impact of exercise intensity on conduit artery endothelial function have involved large muscle group exercise which induces local and systemic effects. The aim of this study was to examine flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after incremental intensities of handgrip exercise (HE), to assess the role of local factors such as blood flow and shear rate on post-exercise brachial artery function. METHODS Eleven healthy men attended the laboratory on three occasions. Subjects undertook 30 min of handgrip exercise at three intensities (5, 10 or 15 % MVC). Brachial artery FMD, shear and blood flow patterns were examined before, immediately after and 60 min post exercise. RESULTS Handgrip exercise increased mean and antegrade shear rate (SR) and blood flow (BF) and reduced retrograde SR and BF (all P < 0.01). Exercise intensity was associated with a dose-dependent increase in both mean and antegrade BF and SR (interaction, P < 0.01). Post-hoc tests revealed that, whilst handgrip exercise did not immediately induce post-exercise changes, FMD was significantly higher 60 min post-exercise following the highest exercise intensity (5.9 ± 2.8-10.4 ± 5.8 %, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Handgrip exercise leads to intensity-and time-dependent changes in conduit artery function, possibly mediated by local increases in shear, with improvement in function evident at 1 h post-exercise when performed at a higher intensity.
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16
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Katayama K, Yamashita S, Iwamoto E, Ishida K. Flow-mediated dilation in the inactive limb following acute hypoxic exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 36:60-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health; Physical Fitness and Sports; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Shin Yamashita
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Erika Iwamoto
- School of Health Sciences; Sapporo Medical University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Center of Health; Physical Fitness and Sports; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
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Dawson EA, Green DJ, Cable NT, Thijssen DHJ. Effects of acute exercise on flow-mediated dilatation in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1589-98. [PMID: 24030665 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00450.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of exercise training on vascular function have been well studied, less is known about the effects of acute exercise bouts. This synthesis summarizes and integrates knowledge derived from papers relating acute impacts of exercise on artery function, specifically endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). We propose that an immediate decrease in FMD ("nadir") occurs soon after exercise cessation and that this is followed by a (supra)normalization response. The magnitude of the nadir and (supra)normalization and duration of this biphasic pattern of response appears to be influenced by numerous factors, including the nature of the exercise stimulus (e.g., type, duration, intensity), the subject population (e.g., trained vs. untrained), and various methodological factors. The impact of these factors on the biphasic pattern are most likely mediated through stimuli that underpin altered FMD postexercise, including shear and oxidative stress, changes in arterial diameter, and antioxidant status. We propose that a combination of these stimuli act synergistically to balance the vasomotor responses postexercise. Finally, we discuss the potential (clinical) relevance of the biphasic response after acute exercise, as the immediate nadir may represent an essential response for subsequent training-induced adaptations but may also represent a transient period of increased cardiovascular risk leading to the "exercise paradox."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Dawson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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18
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Okamoto T, Sakamaki-Sunaga M, Min S, Miura T, Iwasaki T. Acute effect of brisk walking with graduated compression stockings on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 33:455-62. [PMID: 23701492 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of brisk walking with and without graduated compression stockings (GCSs) on vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress. Ten young healthy subjects walked briskly for 30 min with (GCS trial) and without (CON trial) GCSs in a randomized crossover trial. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured as the per cent rise in the peak diameter from the baseline value at prior occlusion at each FMD measurement using B-mode ultrasonography before and 30 min after walking in the two trials. Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM), as an index of products of reactive oxygen species, and biological anti-oxidant potential (BAP), as an index of anti-oxidant potential, were also measured using a free radical elective evaluator before and 30 min after walking in both trials. FMD significantly decreased after brisk walking in both trials (P<0·05). However, FMD after brisk walking in the GCS trial was significantly higher than that in the CON trial (P<0·05). The d-ROM did not change before and after both trials, whereas the BAP significantly increased after walking in the GCS trial (P<0·05). These findings demonstrate that brisk walking while wearing GCSs suppresses the decrease in FMD and increases BAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Okamoto
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Hwang IC, Kim KH, Choi WS, Kim HJ, Im MS, Kim YJ, Kim SH, Kim MA, Sohn DW, Zo JH. Impact of acute exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in young healthy people. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2012; 10:39. [PMID: 23031621 PMCID: PMC3519716 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although chronic effects of exercise on endothelial function are established, the impact of acute exercise on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery has not been elucidated yet. Methods Eighty-six young healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled from January 2011 to December 2011. The subjects completed FMD tests at rest and immediately after treadmill exercise test. Primary outcome was the impact of acute exercise on FMD, measured by the difference of FMD before and after exercise. Secondary outcomes were the relationship of gender and exercise habit with FMD. Results Seventy-four subjects who met the eligibility criteria were included for analysis. Thirty-five (47.3%) were male, and the mean age was 22.7±2.7 years. FMD was reduced after exercise (8.98±4.69 to 7.51±4.03%; P=0.017) and the reduction was found in female group (10.36±5.26 to 7.62±3.71%; P=0.002) but not in male group. Post-exercise FMD was significantly impaired in subjects who did not exercise regularly (6.92±3.13% versus 8.95±5.33%; P=0.003). The decrease of FMD after exercise was greater in female group (−2.75±5.28% versus 0.27±3.24%; P=0.003) and was associated with exercise habit (β=2.532; P=0.027). Conclusions In healthy young subjects, FMD was reduced after a bout of acute exercise. The impact of acute exercise showed significant differences according to gender and exercise habit. FMD impairment after acute exercise was observed in females and subjects without regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chang Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Johnson BD, Mather KJ, Newcomer SC, Mickleborough TD, Wallace JP. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation following exercise with augmented oscillatory and retrograde shear rate. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2012; 10:34. [PMID: 22883166 PMCID: PMC3492050 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute doses of elevated retrograde shear rate (SR) appear to be detrimental to endothelial function in resting humans. However, retrograde shear increases during moderate intensity exercise which also enhances post-exercise endothelial function. Since SR patterns differ with the modality of exercise, it is important to determine if augmented retrograde SR during exercise influences post-exercise endothelial function. This study tested the hypothesis that (1) increased doses of retrograde SR in the brachial artery during lower body supine cycle ergometer exercise would attenuate post-exercise flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in a dose-dependent manner, and (2) antioxidant vitamin C supplementation would prevent the attenuated post-exercise FMD response. Methods Twelve men participated in four randomized exercise sessions (90 W for 20 minutes) on separate days. During three of the sessions, one arm was subjected to increased oscillatory and retrograde SR using three different forearm cuff pressures (20, 40, 60 mmHg) (contralateral arm served as the control) and subjects ingested placebo capsules prior to exercise. A fourth session with 60 mmHg cuff pressure was performed with 1 g of vitamin C ingested prior to the session. Results Post-exercise FMD following the placebo conditions were lower in the cuffed arm versus the control arm (arm main effect: P < 0.05) and without differences between cuff pressures (20 mmHg: 5.7 ± 2.2%; 40 mmHg: 4.7 ± 1.3%; 60 mmHg: 5.4 ± 2.4%) (P > 0.05). Following vitamin C treatment, post-exercise FMD in the cuffed and control arm increased from baseline (P < 0.05) but were not different (control: 7.1 ± 3.5% vs. cuffed: 6.6 ± 3.3%) (P > 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that augmented oscillatory and retrograde SR in non-working limbs during lower body exercise attenuates post-exercise FMD without an evident dose–response in the range of cuff pressures evaluated. Vitamin C supplementation prevented the attenuation of FMD following exercise with augmented oscillatory and retrograde SR suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to the adverse effects of oscillatory and retrograde shear during exercise on FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair D Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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21
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Llewellyn TL, Chaffin ME, Berg KE, Meendering JR. The relationship between shear rate and flow-mediated dilation is altered by acute exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:394-402. [PMID: 22276926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial function is a predictor of cardiovascular health and is improved with exercise training. However, it is not clear how exercise acutely affects endothelial function. Previous studies present conflicting results, resulting from varied exercise protocols and ambiguity in data analysis after exercise. The aims of this study were to compare brachial artery endothelial function at rest and post-exercise in and to compare the data expressed as a percent change and normalized to shear rate (SR). METHODS Fifteen young, healthy subjects completed flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests at rest and immediately after a continuous 30-min treadmill exercise session. Flow-mediated dilation was calculated as percent change in diameter and also normalized for SR. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation was reduced after exercise (8.9 ± 4.3 to 5.8 ± 3.9%, P<0.05), but normalizing for SR nullified this difference (3.6 × 10(-4) ± 1.8 × 10(-4) to 2.7 × 10(-4) ± 2.4 × 10(-4) %, P=0.25). Baseline SR was significantly greater after exercise than at rest (224 ± 72 to 354 ± 158 s(-1) , P<0.05). Baseline diameter, time to peak diameter, and SR area under the curve were not different between the two conditions. The relationship between SR and FMD was strong at rest (r=0.82, P<0.001), but weak post-exercise (r=0.16, P=0.6). CONCLUSION The weak relationship in FMD and SR after exercise suggests that these data should not be normalized following aerobic exercise. Thus, endothelial function was attenuated after a continuous 30-min aerobic exercise session.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Llewellyn
- School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation; University of Nebraska at Omaha; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - M. E. Chaffin
- School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation; University of Nebraska at Omaha; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - K. E. Berg
- School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation; University of Nebraska at Omaha; Omaha; NE; USA
| | - J. R. Meendering
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences; South Dakota State University; Brookings; SD; USA
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Katayama K, Fujita O, Iemitsu M, Kawano H, Iwamoto E, Saito M, Ishida K. The effect of acute exercise in hypoxia on flow-mediated vasodilation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:349-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Johnson BD, Padilla J, Wallace JP. The exercise dose affects oxidative stress and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:33-42. [PMID: 21472439 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to establish whether changes in oxidative stress and endothelial function following acute aerobic exercise are dose-dependent. Ten healthy trained men completed four exercise sessions: 50% VO(2peak) for 30 min (moderate intensity moderate duration, MIMD), 50% VO(2peak) for 60 min (moderate intensity long duration, MILD), 80% VO(2peak) for 30 min (high intensity moderate duration, HIMD), and 80% VO(2peak) for the time to reach the caloric equivalent of MIMD (high intensity short duration, HISD). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured as an index of oxidative stress and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed as an index of endothelial function. Variables were measured at baseline, immediately post-exercise, 1 and 2 h post-exercise. Both HIMD (14.2 ± 2.5 μmol/L) and HISD (14.7 ± 1.9 μmol/L) TBARS differed from MIMD (11.8 ± 1.5 μmol/L) immediately post-exercise. TBARS increased from pre to immediately post-exercise for HIMD (12.6 ± 2.1 vs.14.2 ± 2.5 μmol/L) and HISD (12.3 ± 2.8 vs. 14.7 ± 1.9 μmol/L). Both MIMD (7.2 ± 2.2%) and HISD (7.6 ± 2.7%) FMD immediately post-exercise were greater than HIMD (4.7 ± 2.2%). An increase of FMD from pre to immediately post-exercise was found for MIMD (5.0 ± 2.5 vs. 7.2 ± 2.2%) and HISD (5.9 ± 2.4 vs. 7.6 ± 2.7%). These data suggest that acute exercise-induced TBARS are exercise intensity-dependent whereas FMD appears to improve following energy expenditure equivalent to 30 min 50% VO(2peak), regardless of intensity or duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair D Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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24
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Rooks CR, McCully KK, Dishman RK. Acute exercise improves endothelial function despite increasing vascular resistance during stress in smokers and nonsmokers. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:1299-308. [PMID: 21457274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of acute exercise on flow mediated dilation (FMD) and reactivity to neurovascular challenges among female smokers and nonsmokers. FMD was determined by arterial diameter, velocity, and blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasonography after forearm occlusion. Those measures and blood pressure and heart rate were also assessed in response to forehead cold and the Stroop Color-Word Conflict Test (CWT) before and after 30 min of rest or an acute bout of cycling exercise (∼50% VO₂ peak). Baseline FMD and stress responses were not different between smokers and nonsmokers. Compared to passive rest, exercise increased FMD and decreased arterial velocity and blood flow responses during the Stroop CWT and forehead cold in both groups. Overall, acute exercise improved endothelial function among smokers and nonsmokers despite increasing vascular resistance and reducing limb blood flow during neurovascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie R Rooks
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30322, USA.
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25
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Gonzales JU, Thompson BC, Thistlethwaite JR, Scheuermann BW. Association between exercise hemodynamics and changes in local vascular function following acute exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:137-44. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contractions are associated with physical stimuli that act upon muscle vasculature, including increased shear stress and blood pressure. It is unclear if acute dynamic exercise alters local vascular function. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of exercise hemodynamics on the effects of acute exercise on vascular function, as evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Healthy individuals (n = 14; age, 18–34 years) performed 30 min of handgrip exercise at fast and slow contractions. Blood pressure during exercise was measured using a Vasotrac system (Medwave Inc.), while shear rate during exercise and FMD at rest and after 30 min of recovery from exercise were measured in the brachial artery of the active arm using Doppler ultrasound. Estimated contractile work was correlated with blood pressure (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) and retrograde shear rate (r = –0.78, p < 0.01). As a result, blood pressure was higher (p < 0.05) and oscillatory shear index was lower (p < 0.05) during slow as compared with fast contractions. On average, FMD was unchanged following fast contractions (5.4 ± 3.4%dilation to 6.1 ± 3.8%dilation; p = 0.19), but significantly reduced following slow contractions (6.9 ± 4.2%dilation to 3.6 ± 2.5%dilation; p = 0.01). Within slow contractions, subgroup analysis revealed blood pressure to associate with the change in FMD; such that individuals with mean blood pressure >100 mm Hg (range, 102–139 mm Hg) during exercise had larger decreases in FMD than individuals with lower exercise blood pressure. These results indicate that impaired local vascular function following acute exercise with high contractile activity is associated with blood pressure stimuli in healthy individuals
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin U. Gonzales
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Thompson
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA
| | - John R. Thistlethwaite
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA
| | - Barry W. Scheuermann
- Cardiopulmonary and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA
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Harris RA. FMD, reproducibility, and acute exercise in the obese: are the results confounded? Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:357-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Harris R. Flow-Mediated Dilation After Acute Exercise: Interpret With Caution. J Strength Cond Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318181a393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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