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Zhang M, Chen X, Yang F, Song Y, Zhang D, Chen Q, Ma Y, Wang S, Ji D, Duan Z, Zhang L, Wang Q. Evaluation of Left Ventricular Mass in Different Cardiac Geometry Using Three-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography. Int Heart J 2023; 64:885-893. [PMID: 37778991 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study, including 23 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 26 patients with Left Ventricle (LV) enlargement comprising 16 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and 10 ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients, and 20 control subjects. All patients underwent 2DE, contrast-enhanced 2DE (Contrast-2DE), 3DE, Contrast-3DE, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations. The 2DE-AL and 3DE methods measured the left ventricular mass (LVM). The results were compared with those measured by SPECT. The measured LVM of the 69 patients was systematically overestimated by 2DE-AL (177.4 ± 56.2 g), Contrast-2DE-AL (174.5 ± 55.5 g), 3DE (167.3 ± 59.2 g), and Contrast-3DE (154.2 ± 46.7 g) when compared with SPECT (148.5 ± 52.4 g) (P < 0.05), while Contrast-3DE provided the best agreement with SPECT in LVM measurement (r = 0.898, P < 0.001) and had the smallest deviation (5.7 ± 23.1 g). 3DE overestimated LVM more compared to Contrast-3DE in LV hypertrophy group (165.5 ± 37.9 g versus 153.5 ± 27.6 g, P = 0.003) and LV enlargement group (204.5 ± 69.3 g versus 183.5 ± 53.5 g, P = 0.006). For 2DE methods, there was no significant difference between the LVM obtained with or without contrast enhancement in control group (132.3 ± 23.6 g versus 128.4 ± 23.3 g), LV hypertrophy group (177.7 ± 38.6 versus 178.3 ± 30.9 g, P = 0.889), and LV enlargement group (211.9 ± 63.2 g versus 206.5 ± 66.0 g, P = 0.386). The difference between LVM measured by 2DE-AL and SPECT was the greatest (27.9 ± 34.0 g), especially in LV hypertrophy group and LV enlargement group (LV hypertrophy group 39.7 ± 26.0 g; LV enlargement group 24.2 ± 42.8 g). To conclude, Contrast-3DE and SPECT show greater consistency in LVM measurement, especially in cardiomyopathy, when compared with 2DE. Administering contrast can effectively reduce the overestimation of LVM by non-contrast DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Xu Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA
| | - Feifei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Yanjie Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Shuhua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Dongdong Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Zhongxiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Qiushuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
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Jacobson AF, Narula J, Tijssen J. Analysis of Differences in Assessment of Left Ventricular Function on Echocardiography and Nuclear Perfusion Imaging. Am J Cardiol 2021; 156:85-92. [PMID: 34344513 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two widely used methods for left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) determination, echocardiography (echo) and gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), often have wide limits of agreement. Factors influencing discrepancies between core laboratory echo and MPI LVEF determinations were examined in a large series of heart failure (HF) subjects and normal controls. 879 HF and 101 control subjects had core lab analyses of echo and MPI (mean time between procedures 7-8 days). LVEF differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Bland-Altman plots. Relationships between LVEF differences and patient characteristics and outcome endpoints (mortality and arrhythmias) were explored with logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. There was a systematic difference between the 2 modalities; echo LVEF was higher with more severe LV dysfunction, MPI LVEF higher when systolic function was normal. LVEF results were within ±5% in only 37% of HF and 23% of control subjects. Considering discordance around the LVEF threshold 35%, there was disagreement between the 2 methods in 305 HF subjects (35%). Male gender (odds ratio (OR) = 0.200), atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.314), higher body mass index (OR = 1.051) and lower LV end-diastolic volume (OR = 0.985) were the strongest predictors of methodologic discordance. Cardiac event rates were highest if both LVEF values were ≤35% and lowest when both LVEF values were >35%. In conclusion, substantial disagreements between LVEF results by echo and MPI are common. HF patients with LVEF ≤35% by both techniques have the highest 2-year event risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold F Jacobson
- Diagram Consulting, Kihei HI; GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Princeton, NJ.
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jan Tijssen
- Academic Medical Center - UVA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Feng C, Wang L, Huang S, Wang L, Zhou X, Cui X, Chen L, Lv F, Li T. Application of Contrast-Enhanced Real-time 3-Dimensional Ultrasound in Solid Abdominal Organ Trauma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:869-874. [PMID: 31724216 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether real-time 3-dimensional ultrasound (RT3DUS) could provide additional information on early detection and evaluation in the management of solid abdominal organ trauma based on an animal model. METHODS Nine bleeding lesions were developed in the livers (n = 3), kidneys (n = 3), and spleens (n = 3) from 9 pigs. An ultrasound contrast agent was administered intravenously (liver, 0.025 mL/kg; kidney, 0.008 mL/kg; and spleen, 0.013 mL/kg) after an unenhanced 2-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) examination (B-mode and color Doppler). After contrast agent injection, bleeding lesions were imaged by 2DUS and sequentially imaged by 3-dimensional static ultrasound (3DSUS) and RT3DUS to identify active bleeding, observe the relationship between bleeding lesions and peripheral blood vessels, and evaluate the spatial scope of the bleeding lesions in the organs. RESULTS For the identification of active bleeding, there was no statistical difference in contrast-enhanced 2DUS, 3DSUS, and RT3DUS. For observation of the relationship between bleeding lesions and peripheral blood vessels, RT3DUS performed statistically better than 2DUS (P < .05), as reconstructed RT3DUS could show more information about the relationship. For the evaluation of the spatial scope of the bleeding lesion in the organ, RT3DUS also performed statistically better than 2DUS from the multiplanar observation by postprocessing of the 3-dimensional real-time volumes (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Real-time 3-dimensional ultrasound improves early detection and evaluation of solid abdominal organ trauma and provides additional information over the current contrast-enhanced 2DUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Sai Huang
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Faqin Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan Hospital of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mardanshahi AR, Alavi A, Yazdani J, Hosseinimehr SJ, Khoshakhlagh M, Dabirian M, Abedi SM. The correlation between myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and three-dimensional echocardiography in ejection fraction and cardiac volumes for determination of the nearest filtering parameters. World J Nucl Med 2020; 18:373-377. [PMID: 31933553 PMCID: PMC6945354 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_116_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) are cardiac volumes that have crucial roles in diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients. There are differences between these mentioned parameters in echocardiography (Echo) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in clinical practice. In this study, we determined the nearest filtering parameters in the analysis of MPS data in comparison with three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). All of patients were in this study, and 3DE and MPS were performed for all patients at rest phase in the same day. MPS images were analyzed through quantitative gated single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) software with Butterworth filter which was a fixed order (order = 5) and variable cutoffs (COs) of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5. The EDV, ESV, and EF values were measured by 3DE and MPS and compared. Based on the above different COs, the ESVs of MPS were 15.5 ± 18 mL, 18 ± 20 mL, 21 ± 22.5 mL, 22 ± 23 mL, and 22.5 ± 23.5 mL, respectively, while ESV of 3DE was 44.4 ± 23.5 mL. It was observed as a significant difference between MPS and 3DE for ESV. The EDVs of MPS were 61.3 ± 24.5 ml, 64 ± 26.5 ml, 68 ± 29.5 ml, 72 ± 31 ml, and 76 ± 32.2 ml, respectively, while EDV of 3DE was 105 ± 30 ml, which was significantly different between two methods. The EFs of MPS were 79% ± 14%, 76% ± 13%, 73.5% ± 12%, 73.5% ± 11%, and 74% ± 11%, respectively. The EF of 3DE was 58.4% ± 10% ml. It was statistically significant difference in values of EF between SPECT analysis parameters and 3DE. It was interesting when the COs increased from 0.3 to 0.5; the cardiac volumes increased while the EF decreased. The measured ESV and EDV values were lower in females than males while the EFs of females were higher than males. Finally, we demonstrate that the nearest Cos for measuring of EF and cardiac volumes for analysis of MPS data in comparison with 3DE are 0.45 and 0.5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Abas Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani
- Department of Biostatics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Dabirian
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
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Rodriguez‐Mañero M, Azcárate‐Agüero P, Kreidieh B, Alvez MT, Martínez‐Monzonís A, Diaz‐Dorronsoro A, Cid‐Menéndez A, González‐Juanatey JR, Barba‐Cosials J, Rábago G, Bastarrika G. Quantitative assessment of left ventricular size and function in cardiac transplant recipients: Side‐by‐side comparison of real time two‐dimensional echocardiography, contrast‐enhanced two‐dimensional echocardiography, three‐dimensional echocardiography, and contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional echocardiography as compared to magnetic resonance imaging. Echocardiography 2019; 36:306-311. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moises Rodriguez‐Mañero
- Servicio de CardioloxíaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- IDIS (Instituto para el Desarrollo e Integración de la Salud) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV CB16/11/00226 ‐ CB16/11/00420) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Bahij Kreidieh
- JFK Medical Center Palm Beach Regional GME ConsortiumUniversity of Miami Miami Florida
| | - María Teresa Alvez
- Servicio de CardioloxíaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez‐Monzonís
- Servicio de CardioloxíaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- IDIS (Instituto para el Desarrollo e Integración de la Salud) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV CB16/11/00226 ‐ CB16/11/00420) Madrid Spain
| | - Agnes Diaz‐Dorronsoro
- Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía CardiacaClínica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Adrian Cid‐Menéndez
- Servicio de CardioloxíaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José Ramón González‐Juanatey
- Servicio de CardioloxíaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- IDIS (Instituto para el Desarrollo e Integración de la Salud) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV CB16/11/00226 ‐ CB16/11/00420) Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquin Barba‐Cosials
- Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía CardiacaClínica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Gregorio Rábago
- Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía CardiacaClínica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Gorka Bastarrika
- Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía CardiacaClínica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain
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6
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Diagnostic Value of Three-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography for Left Ventricular Volume and Ejection Fraction Measurement in Patients With Poor Acoustic Windows: A Comparison of Echocardiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2014; 27:1029-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Yamani H, Cai Q, Ahmad M. Three-dimensional echocardiography in evaluation of left ventricular indices. Echocardiography 2013. [PMID: 23186291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of left ventricular mass, volume, ejection fraction, and wall motion is important for clinical decision making. Currently, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) have been routinely used for this purpose. Although these 1D or 2D modalities provide excellent diagnostic and prognostic information, they have a number of technical limitations including the time required to perform the procedure and operator-dependent image acquisitions. In addition, they are inherently limited by geometric assumption of three-dimensional (3D) left ventricular structures based on 2D slices. With the improvement in transducer technology and software development, 3D echocardiography (3DE) has become widely available. Left ventricular quantitation by 3DE has been demonstrated to be accurate by multiple studies that compared 3DE with reference techniques. In addition, 3DE measurements were found to be more reproducible and less variable than 2DE. Real time 3DE imaging has potential advantages in stress echocardiography including rapid acquisition, unlimited number of planes, avoidance of foreshortening, and precise segment matching. This is a major step forward in our diagnostic armamentarium for the evaluation of ischemia. In this review, we summarized the current evidence of 3DE for left ventricular evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Yamani
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0766, USA
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8
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Oliveira W, Poyares D, Cintra F, Vieira ML, Fischer CH, Moises V, Tufik S, Carvalho A, Campos O. Impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on right ventricle performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography. Sleep Med 2012; 13:510-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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PARK N, LEE M, LEE A, LEE S, LEE S, SONG S, JUNG J, EOM K. Comparative Study of Cardiac Anatomic Measurements Obtained by Echocardiography and Dual-Source Computed Tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1597-602. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nohwon PARK
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Miyoung LEE
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Ahra LEE
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Seungyeon LEE
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Soyun LEE
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Sunhye SONG
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Joohyun JUNG
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
| | - Kidong EOM
- Department of Veterinary Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143–701, Korea
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Abstract
A new consensus statement on the clinical applications of ultrasound contrast agents was published in November 2008 in the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. These guidelines provide the rationale for contrast use, and specifically highlight a number of clinical scenarios in which contrast should always be considered. These include the 1) assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function--especially when quantitative LV volumes and ejection fraction, or serial assessments are required, and during stress echocardiography; 2) evaluation of the LV apex; 3) evaluation of mechanical complications of myocardial infarction; 4) evaluation of suspected intracardiac mass; and 5) to enhance Doppler signals in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, detailed outlines on contrast administration, logistics, personnel requirements, and responsibilities are provided. Recent data published in the past 2 years to support these recommendations, and contrast agent safety data, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wei
- Cardiovascular Division, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, UHN62, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Abstract
The evaluation of ischemic heart disease is the cornerstone of clinical Cardiology. Although there are many means of ischemic evaluation, all are with their own limitations. While perfusion-based studies are highly sensitive, they lack specificity. Conversely, systolic wall motion analysis with echocardiography tends to have high specificity; however, the sensitivity may be limited by short duration of systolic abnormalities when present. With the advent of Doppler echocardiography, and more specifically tissue Doppler imaging, and strain and strain rate imaging, a more comprehensive evaluation of the left ventricular function is available, including diastole. Diastolic abnormalities in the setting of ischemia are now being studied using these new parameters and have been suggested as a reliable marker of ischemia. Exercise-induced abnormalities in diastolic parameters have improved sensitivities and specificities over traditional stress testing and persist longer than systolic abnormalities. A review of the medical literature regarding the subject will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran A Shaikh
- Department of Cardiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48236, USA.
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Comparison of left ventricular functional parameters obtained from three different commercial automated software cardiac quantification program packages and their intraobserver reproducibility. Ann Nucl Med 2010; 25:125-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-010-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Chang SS, Chou HT, Liang HY, Chang KC. Quantification of Left Ventricular Volumes Using Three-dimensional Echocardiography: Comparison With 64-slice Multidetector Computed Tomography. J Med Ultrasound 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6441(10)60010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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