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Zhang Z, Li XM, Wang H, Lin H, Xiao H, Li Z. Seafood allergy: Allergen, epitope mapping and immunotherapy strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1314-1338. [PMID: 36825451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Seafoods are fashionable delicacies with high nutritional values and culinary properties, while seafood belongs to worldwide common food allergens. In recent years, many seafood allergens have been identified, while the diversity of various seafood species give a great challenge in identifying and characterizing seafood allergens, mapping IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy development, which are critical for allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy treatments. This paper reviewed the recent progress on seafood (fish, crustacean, and mollusk) allergens, IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy for seafood allergy. In recent years, many newly identified seafood allergens were reported, this work concluded the current situation of seafood allergen identification and designation by the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. Moreover, this review represented the recent advances in identifying the IgE-binding epitopes of seafood allergens, which were helpful to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment for seafood allergy. Furthermore, the allergen immunotherapy could alleviate seafood allergy and provide promising approaches for seafood allergy treatment. This review represents the recent advances and future outlook on seafood allergen identification, IgE-binding epitope mapping and allergen immunotherapy strategies for seafood allergy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Dietary Habits in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Evaluation of Food as Trigger of Symptoms Exacerbation. Dermatol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6703052. [PMID: 30018635 PMCID: PMC6029436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6703052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) identify different foods as triggers of their symptoms and frequently make dietary restrictions without enough information. Objective To explore the diet habits of CSU patients and estimate the clinical impact of the foods most frequently reported to be suspect. Methodology Patients were interrogated about their clinical history of urticaria. Skin prick test and sIgE serum were done for most frequently reported foods by patients. Food challenge test was also performed. A group of healthy subjects was included to compare the dietary habits and the results of the diagnostic tests. Results Patients with CSU (n 245) and healthy (n 127) subjects were included. 164 (66%) subjects from CSU group and 31 (24%) from the control group reported at least one adverse reaction with foods. Food IgE sensitization was similar in both groups (17.5% versus 16.5%, respectively). 410 food challenge tests in 164 CSU patients and 38 in 38 control subjects were performed. 1.2% in CSU group and 0.7% in control group had a positive oral challenge test. Conclusion Despite the high frequency of self-report by patients, foods are uncommon triggers of CSU. Nevertheless, food challenge tests have to be offered early during medical evaluation to avoid unnecessary restrictions.
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Rosenfield L, Tsoulis MW, Milio K, Schnittke M, Kim H. High rate of house dust mite sensitization in a shrimp allergic southern Ontario population. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:5. [PMID: 28115965 PMCID: PMC5244585 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shrimp and house dust mite (HDM) allergies are common in Canadians. Often, both of these allergies occur in the same patient. This may be due to homology of tropomyosin or other potentially shared proteins. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of house dust mite sensitization in a shrimp allergic Canadian population. Methods We undertook a retrospective chart review of shrimp allergic patients at an outpatient allergy clinic in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Our primary endpoint was to assess for presence of HDM sensitization in this population. Patients were categorized into approximate quartiles. We assessed the severity of the shrimp reactions, correlated shrimp skin test size to HDM skin test size, and measured the proportion of patients with atopic symptoms. Results We identified 95 shrimp allergic patients who were tested for house dust mite. 86 (90.5%) of these patients had a positive skin test to HDM. Patients with a shrimp skin test ≥5 mm were 5.31 times (95% CI, 1.55–18.14; p = 0.008) more likely to exhibit a dust mite skin test ≥5 mm than patients with a shrimp skin test <5 mm. The odds of a patient with a shrimp skin test between 10 and 18 mm having a larger HDM skin test were 3.93 times (95% CI 1.03–14.98, p = 0.045) the odds for a patient with a shrimp skin test size between 3 and 4 mm. We did not find a correlation between shrimp skin test size and shrimp reaction symptom grade (p = 0.301). Conclusion In our Canadian patients, we found a large majority of shrimp allergic patients to be sensitized to HDM. We found that patients with a large skin test to shrimp were more likely to have a large skin test to HDM compared to those patients with a small skin test to shrimp. We did not find a correlation between shrimp skin test size and shrimp reaction symptom severity. Most of these patients had symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma that may have been caused by house dust mite allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Rosenfield
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Michael D. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | - Kirolos Milio
- Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | | | - Harold Kim
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Michael D. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.,Grandriver Allergy, Kitchener, ON Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
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Wong L, Huang CH, Lee BW. Shellfish and House Dust Mite Allergies: Is the Link Tropomyosin? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 8:101-6. [PMID: 26739402 PMCID: PMC4713872 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean shellfish allergy is an important cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis in Asia. The major allergen in shellfish allergy is tropomyosin, a pan-allergen that is also found in house dust mites and cockroaches. Tropomyosins from house dust mites (HDMs) have a high sequence homology to shellfish tropomyosins, and cross-reactivity between HDM and shrimp tropomyosins has been demonstrated. Exposure to inhaled tropomyosins from house dust mites has been postulated to be the primary sensitizer for shellfish allergy, in a reaction analogous to the oral allergy (inhalant-food) syndrome. This notion is supported by indirect data from the effects of HDM immunotherapy on shellfish allergy, and strong correlations of shellfish and HDM sensitization. HDM immunotherapy has been reported to induce both shrimp allergy in non-allergic patients and shrimp tolerance in shrimp-allergic patients. Epidemiological surveys have also demonstrated a strong correlation between shellfish and HDM sensitization in both hospital-based and community-based studies. Unexposed populations have also been shown to develop sensitization-shellfish sensitization in orthodox Jews with no history of shellfish consumption was associated with HDM sensitization. Reciprocally, HDM sensitization in an Icelandic population living in a HDM-free environment was associated with shrimp sensitization. In vitro IgE inhibition studies on sera in shrimp-allergic Spanish patients indicate that mites are the primary sensitizer in shrimp-allergic patients living in humid and warm climates. Current data supports the hypothesis that tropomyosin is the link between HDM and shellfish allergies. The role of tropomyosin in HDM and shellfish allergies is a fertile field for investigation as it may provide novel immunotherapeutic strategies for shellfish allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wong
- Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chiung Hui Huang
- Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Popescu FD. Cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and food allergens. World J Methodol 2015; 5:31-50. [PMID: 26140270 PMCID: PMC4482820 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with respiratory allergy, cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and foods may induce food allergy, symptoms ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylaxis. Clinical entities due to IgE sensitization to cross-reactive aeroallergen and food allergen components are described for many sources of plant origin (pollen-food syndromes and associations, such as birch-apple, cypress-peach and celery-mugwort-spice syndromes, and mugwort-peach, mugwort-chamomile, mugwort-mustard, ragweed-melon-banana, goosefoot-melon associations), fungal origin (Alternaria-spinach syndrome), and invertebrate, mammalian or avian origin (mite-shrimp, cat-pork, and bird-egg syndromes). Clinical cases of allergic reactions to ingestion of food products containing pollen grains of specific plants, in patients with respiratory allergy to Asteraceae pollen, especially mugwort and ragweed, are also mentioned, for honey, royal jelly and bee polen dietary supplements, along with allergic reactions to foods contaminated with mites or fungi in patients with respiratory allergy to these aeroallergens. Medical history and diagnosis approach may be guided by the knowledge about the diverse cross-reacting allergens involved, and by the understanding of these clinical entities which may vary significantly or may be overlapping. The association between primary IgE sensitization with respiratory symptoms to inhaled allergens and food allergy due to cross-reactive allergen components is important to assess in allergy practice. The use of molecular-based diagnosis improves the understanding of clinically relevant IgE sensitization to cross-reactive allergen components from aeroallergen sources and foods.
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Peut-on désensibiliser aux acariens lorsque l’on est sensibilisé ou allergique aux crustacés et/ou aux escargots ? Controverse. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Moingeon P. Update on immune mechanisms associated with sublingual immunotherapy: practical implications for the clinician. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2013; 1:228-41. [PMID: 24565479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is established as a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with type I respiratory allergies. The ability of SLIT to elicit antigen (allergen)-specific tolerance is linked to the peculiar biology of oral antigen-presenting cells. In the absence of danger signals, Langerhans cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and macrophages located in oral tissues, tonsils, and draining cervical lymph nodes are biased toward the induction of T(H)1 and IL-10-producing CD4(+) regulatory T cells, thus supporting tolerance as opposed to inflammation. Sublingual administration does not lead to any detectable systemic exposure of intact allergens nor to IgE neosensitization. Oral tissues contain limited numbers of mast cells located in submucosal areas, thereby explaining the well-established safety profile of SLIT, with mostly local but rare systemic reactions. The induction of CD4(+) regulatory T cells and blocking anti-inflammatory IgGs or IgAs are considered important for tolerance induction after SLIT. Specific molecular signatures associated with tolerogenic dendritic cells were recently reported during the onset of SLIT efficacy in the peripheral blood of patients exhibiting clinical benefit. Collectively, these observations confirm the induction of strong allergen-specific suppressive/tolerogenic immune responses during SLIT and pave the ground for the identification of biomarkers of efficacy. Practical implications of this emerging scientific knowledge are presented (1) to support the rational design of second-generation sublingual vaccines based on purified allergens, vector systems and/or adjuvants and (2) to help the clinician in decision making during his/her practice.
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Baron-Bodo V, Batard T, Nguyen H, Fréreux M, Horiot S, Harwanegg C, Bergmann KC, de Beaumont O, Moingeon P. Absence of IgE neosensitization in house dust mite allergic patients following sublingual immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1510-8. [PMID: 22994348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) on IgE neosensitization remains to be evaluated in large cohorts of patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of antibody responses induced in patients with allergic rhinitis during a 12-month treatment with sublingual tablets of house dust mites (HDM) allergen extracts. METHODS Antibody responses were assessed in relationship with neosensitization and clinical benefit in sera from 509 European house dust mite-allergic patients before and after 1 year of daily sublingual immunotherapy, using tablets containing Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus plus D farinae extracts or placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00674700). Patients were followed for one additional year after treatment cessation. IgE and IgG4 antibodies specific for mite extracts or purified group 1, 2 and 10 allergens were assessed using Immulite, Immunocap and ISAC assays. RESULTS After 1 year of SLIT, mite-specific IgE and IgG4 titres increased by 1.5-fold and fourfold, respectively, in the active, but not in the placebo group. A strong IgG4 induction occurred in a subgroup (i.e. 10-15%) of "immunoreactive" patients, without any correlation with improvement in the average adjusted symptom score. Pre-existing IgE levels to purified mite allergens were not impacted during immunotherapy, and no de novo IgE responses to group 1, 2, 10 allergens were induced in patients who were unsensitized prior to immunotherapy. Similarly, no IgE neosensitization to wheat germ or yeast components used in the mite culture medium was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We document in a cohort of 509 patients followed over a 2-year period that SLIT does not induce any IgE neosensitization to allergens contained in the vaccine, such as groups 1, 2 as well as the food-related group 10 allergen. This observation further corroborates the safer safety profile of SLIT over SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baron-Bodo
- Stallergenes SA, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92183, Antony Cedex, France
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Martín-Muñoz M, Pineda F, Muiños T, Fontan M, Nevot S, Bosque M, Jurado Palomo J, Torredemer A, Valdesoiro L, Martinez Cañavate A, Pedemonte Marco C. Changes in IL-10 and specific antibodies associated to successful Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus immunotherapy in children during the first year of treatment. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:4-10. [PMID: 22321665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a long-term treatment of respiratory allergy. OBJECTIVE To look for early predictors of the effectiveness of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus SIT. METHODS A prospective multi-centre study was carried out in Spain. Children with D. pteronyssinus rhinitis or asthma were invited to participate. The study was divided into times: T0 (recruitment); T1 (inclusion); T2 a-f (immunotherapy times) and T3 (the end of study). Efficacy of SIT was assessed by clinical scores, visual analogue scales (VAS) and lung function tests. We performed D. pteronyssinus skin tests at T1 and T3, and determined specific serum IgE, IgG4 and IL-10 at T1, T2f and T3. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, compared using Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests, and correlated to Spearman test. All tests had a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Thirty-eight children completed the study. At T1 all had rhinitis and 34 also had asthma. At T3, 30 patients had improved, six experienced no changes and two worsened. Improvement was associated to FEV1/FVC and VAS improvement; to a reduction in D. pteronyssinus skin prick test; to a progressive increase in serum levels of D. pteronyssinus IgE, and D. pteronyssinus, Der p1 and Der p2 IgG4. IL-10 levels showed an early increase at T2f (the end of initial build-up immunotherapy phase), and then a reduction at T3 (the end of a year of immunotherapy). Improvement associated to an early increase in IL-10 and was correlated with VAS and specific IgG4 evolution.
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Jeong KY, Park JW, Hong CS. House dust mite allergy in Korea: the most important inhalant allergen in current and future. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012; 4:313-25. [PMID: 23115727 PMCID: PMC3479224 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2012.4.6.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The house-dust mite (HDM), commonly found in human dwellings, is an important source of inhalant and contact allergens. In this report, the importance of HDM allergy in Korea and the characteristics of allergens from dust mite are reviewed with an emphasis on investigations performed in Korea. In Korea, Dermatophagoides farinae is the dominant species of HDM, followed by D. pteronyssinus. Tyrophagus putrescentiae is also found in Korea, but its role in respiratory allergic disease in Korea is controversial. The relatively low densities of mite populations and concentrations of mite major allergens in dust samples from Korean homes, compared to westernized countries, are thought to reflect not only different climatic conditions, but also cultural differences, such as the use of 'ondol' under-floor heating systems in Korean houses. HDM are found in more than 90% of Korean houses, and the level of exposure to HDM is clinically significant. About 40%-60% of Korean patients suffering from respiratory allergies, and more than 40% of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, are sensitized to HDM. Mite allergens can be summarized according to their inherent auto-adjuvant activities and/or their binding affinities to the adjuvant-like substances: proteolytic enzymes, lipid binding proteins, chitin binding proteins, and allergens not associated with adjuvant-like activity. In general, allergens with a strong adjuvant-like activity or adjuvant-binding activity elicit potent IgE reactivity. In Korea, Der f 2 is the most potent allergen, followed by Der f 1. Immune responses are modulated by the properties of the allergen itself and by the adjuvant-like substances that are concomitantly administered with the antigens. Characterization of allergenic molecules and elucidation of mechanisms by which adjuvant-like molecules modulate allergic reactions, not only in Korea but also worldwide, will provide valuable information on allergic diseases, and are necessary for the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sánchez Caraballo JM, Cardona Villa R. Clinical and immunological changes of immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis: randomized controlled trial. ISRN ALLERGY 2012; 2012:183983. [PMID: 23724240 PMCID: PMC3658480 DOI: 10.5402/2012/183983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background. Immunotherapy has proven to be an useful tool in the management of allergic respiratory diseases; however, little has been studied in atopic dermatitis. Objective. To evaluate the clinical and immunological impact of immunotherapy with mites allergen extracts in atopic dermatitis. Methods. Patients with atopic dermatitis were assigned with computer-generated randomization to either of the following groups: (a) controls received only topical treatment with steroids and/or tacrolimus and (b) actively treated patients received topical treatment plus immunotherapy. Levels of serum total IgE, mites-specific IgE and IgG4 were assessed at study start and after one year of immunotherapy. Results. 31 patients in the active group and 29 in the control group completed the study. Symptoms and medication scores were significantly reduced in the active group after six months. Three patients in the control group showed new sensitizations to mites, while 3 patients in the active group showed neosensitization to shrimp with negative oral food challenge. We observed significant increase of mites-specific IgG4 levels in active group. Conclusion. Specific allergen immunotherapy induced a tolerogenic IgG4 response to mite allergens associated with favorable clinical effects in atopic dermatitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mario Sánchez Caraballo
- Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia ; Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences (FUNDEMEB), Cartagena, Colombia ; Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia ; IPS Universitaria Sede Ambulatoria, Universidad de Antioquia Carrera 51A No. 62-42, Medellin, Colombia
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Seafood hypersensitivity in mite sensitized individuals: is tropomyosin the only responsible allergen? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 106:223-9. [PMID: 21354024 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seafood allergy has been related to mite sensitization, mainly mediated by the muscle protein tropomyosin. OBJECTIVES To determine the correlation between seafood hypersensitivity and mite sensitization (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Chortoglyphus arcuatus, a highly prevalent storage mite in Spain) and to investigate the implication of tropomyosin in cross-reactivity. METHODS Patients from Northwest Spain were divided into 2 groups. The mite-seafood group contained 30 allergic mite individuals with a clinical history of food hypersensitivity. The mite group contained 40 individuals with positive skin prick test results to D pteronyssinus and C arcuatus but negative seafood test results. Specific IgE (sIgE) to whole mite and shrimp extracts, mite tropomyosin (rDer p 10), and shrimp tropomyosin (rPen a 1) were determined in each serum sample. Allergenic profiles were analyzed by immunoblot. Cross-reactivity studies were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot inhibition studies. RESULTS In the mite-seafood group, 71% of patients had positive sIgE results to shrimp and 55% of them to shrimp tropomyosin. A strong correlation was found between sIgE to shrimp tropomyosin and mite tropomyosin. Positive correlation was observed between sIgE to shrimp tropomyosin and severity of symptoms. In the mite group, none of the 20% of patients with sIgE to shrimp tested positive to shrimp tropomyosin. In the immunoblot inhibition experiment, the shrimp extract was totally inhibited by mite extract. These data suggest that primary sensitization is related to mite sensitization. CONCLUSION Tropomyosin does not seem to be the main allergen involved in mite-seafood sensitization in mite sensitized individuals. High levels of sIgE to tropomyosin seem to be related to severity of symptoms.
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