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Liu C, Lu S, Liu S, Dong C, Chen Y, Xiao L, Zong Y, Zhang H, Liao A. 11.4 T ultra-high static magnetic field has no effect on morphology but induces upregulation of TNF signaling pathway based on transcriptome analysis in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114754. [PMID: 36931084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with ultra-high field (UHF) have optimal performance, scientists have been working to develop high-performance devices with strong magnetic fields to improve their diagnostic potential. However, whether an MRI scanner with UHF poses a risk to the safety of the organism require further evaluation. This study evaluated the effects of 11.4 Tesla (T) UHF on embryonic development using a zebrafish model. Multiple approaches, including morphological parameters, physiological behaviors, and analyses of the transcriptome at the molecular level, were determined during 5 days after laboratory-controlled exposure from 6 hour post fertilization (hpf) to 24 hpf. No significant effects were observed in embryo mortality, hatching rate, body length, Left-Right patterning, locomotor behavior, etc. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed up-regulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inflammatory factors and activated TNF signaling pathways in the 11.4 T exposure group. The results were further validated using qPCR. Our findings indicate that although UHF exposure under 11.4 T has no effect on the development of zebrafish embryos, it has specific effects on the immune response that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dong
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
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Song C, Yu B, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang X. Effects of Moderate to High Static Magnetic Fields on Reproduction. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:278-291. [PMID: 35485707 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of magnetic resonance imaging in hospitals and permanent magnets in household items, people have increased exposure to various types of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with moderate and high intensities, which has caused a considerable amount of public concern. Studies have shown that some aspects of gametogenesis and early embryonic development can be significantly affected by SMFs, while others have shown no effects. This review summarizes the experimental results of moderate to high-intensity SMFs (1 mT-16.7 T) on the reproductive development of different model animals, and we find that the effects of SMFs are variable depending on experimental conditions. In general, the effects of inhomogeneous SMFs seem to be more significant compared to that of homogeneous SMFs, which is likely due to magnetic forces generated by the magnetic field gradient. Moreover, some electromagnetic fields may have induced bioeffects because of nonnegligible gradient and heat effect, which are much reduced in superconducting magnets. We hope this review can provide a starting point for more in-depth analysis of various SMFs on reproduction, which is indispensable for evaluating the safety and potential applications of SMFs on living organisms in the future. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, Hefei, China
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Ge S, Li J, Huang D, Cai Y, Fang J, Jiang H, Hu B. Strong static magnetic field delayed the early development of zebrafish. Open Biol 2019; 9:190137. [PMID: 31662097 PMCID: PMC6833226 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major topics in magnetobiology is the biological effects of strong static magnetic field (SMF) on living organisms. However, there has been a paucity of the comprehensive study of the long-term effects of strong SMF on an animal's development. Here, we explored this question with zebrafish, an excellent model organism for developmental study. In our research, zebrafish eggs, just after fertilization, were exposed to a 9.0 T SMF for 24 h, the critical period of post-fertilization development from cleavage to segmentation. The effects of strong SMF exposure on the following developmental progress of zebrafish were studied until 6 days post-fertilization (dpf). Results showed that 9.0 T SMF exposure did not influence the survival or the general developmental scenario of zebrafish embryos. However, it slowed down the developmental pace of the whole animal, and the late developers would catch up with their control peers after the SMF was removed. We proposed a mechanical model and deduced that the development delaying effect was caused by the interference of SMF in microtubule and spindle positioning during mitosis, especially in early cleavages. Our research data provide insights into how strong SMF influences the developing organisms through basic physical interactions with intracellular macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Ge
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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Redlarski G, Lewczuk B, Żak A, Koncicki A, Krawczuk M, Piechocki J, Jakubiuk K, Tojza P, Jaworski J, Ambroziak D, Skarbek Ł, Gradolewski D. The influence of electromagnetic pollution on living organisms: historical trends and forecasting changes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:234098. [PMID: 25811025 PMCID: PMC4355556 DOI: 10.1155/2015/234098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. In many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. The harm caused by this pollution is still open to question since there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. This is despite the fact that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields were classified as potentially carcinogenic. For these reasons, in recent decades a significant growth can be observed in scientific research in order to understand the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms. However, for this type of research the appropriate selection of relevant model organisms is of great importance. It should be noted here that the great majority of scientific research papers published in this field concerned various tests performed on mammals, practically neglecting lower organisms. In that context the objective of this paper is to systematise our knowledge in this area, in which the influence of electromagnetic radiation on lower organisms was investigated, including bacteria, E. coli and B. subtilis, nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, land snail, Helix pomatia, common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Redlarski
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żak
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Krawczuk
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Piechocki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Jakubiuk
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Tojza
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Ambroziak
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skarbek
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dawid Gradolewski
- Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Własna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
SummaryThe order Caudata includes about 660 species and displays a variety of important developmental traits such as cleavage pattern and egg size. However, the cleavage process of tailed amphibians has never been analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. We use published data on the embryos of 36 species concerning the character of the third cleavage furrow (latitudinal, longitudinal or variable) and the magnitude of synchronous cleavage period (up to 3–4 synchronous cell divisions in the animal hemisphere or a considerably longer series of synchronous divisions followed by midblastula transition). Several species from basal caudate families Cryptobranchidae (Andrias davidianus and Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) and Hynobiidae (Onychodactylus japonicus) as well as several representatives from derived families Plethodontidae (Desmognathus fuscus and Ensatina eschscholtzii) and Proteidae (Necturus maculosus) are characterized by longitudinal furrows of the third cleavage and the loss of synchrony as early as the 8-cell stage. By contrast, many representatives of derived families Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae have latitudinal furrows of the third cleavage and extensive period of synchronous divisions. Our analysis of these ontogenetic characters mapped onto a phylogenetic tree shows that the cleavage pattern of large, yolky eggs with short series of synchronous divisions is an ancestral trait for the tailed amphibians, while the data on the orientation of third cleavage furrows seem to be ambiguous with respect to phylogeny. Nevertheless, the midblastula transition, which is characteristic of the model species Ambystoma mexicanum (Caudata) and Xenopus laevis (Anura), might have evolved convergently in these two amphibian orders.
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Mietchen D, Manz B, Volke F, Storey K. In vivo assessment of cold adaptation in insect larvae by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3826. [PMID: 19057644 PMCID: PMC2586655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperatures below the freezing point of water and the ensuing ice crystal formation pose serious challenges to cell structure and function. Consequently, species living in seasonally cold environments have evolved a multitude of strategies to reorganize their cellular architecture and metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms are crucial to our understanding of life. In multicellular organisms, and poikilotherm animals in particular, our knowledge about these processes is almost exclusively due to invasive studies, thereby limiting the range of conclusions that can be drawn about intact living systems. METHODOLOGY Given that non-destructive techniques like (1)H Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy have proven useful for in vivo investigations of a wide range of biological systems, we aimed at evaluating their potential to observe cold adaptations in living insect larvae. Specifically, we chose two cold-hardy insect species that frequently serve as cryobiological model systems--the freeze-avoiding gall moth Epiblema scudderiana and the freeze-tolerant gall fly Eurosta solidaginis. RESULTS In vivo MR images were acquired from autumn-collected larvae at temperatures between 0 degrees C and about -70 degrees C and at spatial resolutions down to 27 microm. These images revealed three-dimensional (3D) larval anatomy at a level of detail currently not in reach of other in vivo techniques. Furthermore, they allowed visualization of the 3D distribution of the remaining liquid water and of the endogenous cryoprotectants at subzero temperatures, and temperature-weighted images of these distributions could be derived. Finally, individual fat body cells and their nuclei could be identified in intact frozen Eurosta larvae. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high resolution MR techniques provide for interesting methodological options in comparative cryobiological investigations, especially in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mietchen
- Magnetic Resonance Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, IBMT, St Ingbert, Germany.
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Lee SC, Mietchen D, Cho JH, Kim YS, Kim C, Hong KS, Lee C, Kang D, Lee W, Cheong C. In vivo magnetic resonance microscopy of differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryos from the first cleavage onwards. Differentiation 2007; 75:84-92. [PMID: 17244024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation inside a developing embryo can be observed by a variety of optical methods but hardly so in opaque organisms. Embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis--a popular model system--belong to the latter category and, for this reason, are predominantly being investigated by means of physical sectioning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method independent of the optical opaqueness of the object. Starting out from clinical diagnostics, the technique has now developed into a branch of microscopy--MR microscopy--that provides spatial resolutions of tens of microns for small biological objects. Nondestructive three-dimensional images of various embryos have been obtained using this technique. They were, however, usually acquired by long scans of fixed embryos. Previously reported in vivo studies did not cover the very early embryonic stages, mainly for sensitivity reasons. Here, by applying high field MR microscopy to the X. laevis system, we achieved the temporal and spatial resolution required for observing subcellular dynamics during early cell divisions in vivo. We present image series of dividing cells and nuclei and of the whole embryonic development from the zygote onto the hatching of the tadpole. Additionally, biomechanical analyses from successive MR images are introduced. These results demonstrate that MR microscopy can provide unique contributions to investigations of differentiating cells and tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Lee
- Frontier Research Laboratory, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea
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