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Guan T, Ma Y. Anatomical Features of the Tarsal Sinus in Patients with Pes Planus: Implications for Clinical Management. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940687. [PMID: 37731240 PMCID: PMC10521331 DOI: 10.12659/msm.940687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of pes planus, if the implant does not match the anatomical structures of the sinus tarsi, synovitis can develop, causing pain symptoms. In the interest of making clinical recommendations for extra-osseous talotarsal stabilization, the goal of the present study was to characterize the anatomical characteristics of the sinus tarsi in patients with pes planus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study involving 56 pes planus patients and 56 healthy volunteers from January 2014 to May 2022. The sinus tarsi was measured for length and width, for angle with the coronal and sagittal axes, and for length of the subtalar implant. RESULTS All examined metrics showed a difference between pes planus patients and healthy participants, with the exception of the subtalar implant's length. The average sinus tarsi length and width among pes planus patients were 19.23 mm and 2.91 mm, respectively. The angle between the sinus tarsi and the coronal and sagittal axes was 21.418° and 25.077°, while the length of approach was 33.06 mm and 0.76°. The only gender differences that were statistically significant were in the length and width of the sinus tarsi. There were no notable variations between the left and right sides. CONCLUSIONS Sinus tarsi morphology may be impacted by pes planus. When treating patients with pes planus, clinicians should take these anatomical factors into consideration since they might more completely characterize the anatomical features of the sinus tarsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyuan Guan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Ma
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Smith BR, Edelman ER. Nanomedicines for cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:351-367. [PMID: 39195953 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The leading cause of death in the world, cardiovascular disease (CVD), remains a formidable condition for researchers, clinicians and patients alike. CVD comprises a broad collection of diseases spanning the heart, the vasculature and the blood that runs through and interconnects them. Limitations in CVD therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes have generated excitement for advances in nanomedicine, a field focused on improving patient outcomes through transformative therapies, imaging agents and ex vivo diagnostics. CVD nanomedicines are fundamentally shaped by their intended clinical application, including (1) cardiac or heart-related biomaterials, which can be functionally (for example, mechanically, immunologically, electrically) improved by incorporating nanomaterials; (2) the vasculature, involving systemically injected nanotherapeutics and imaging nanodiagnostics, nano-enabled biomaterials or tissue-nanoengineered solutions; and (3) improving the sensitivity and/or specificity of ex vivo diagnostic devices for patient samples. While immunotherapy has developed into a key pillar of oncology in the past dozen years, CVD immunotherapy and immunoimaging are recently emergent and likely to factor substantially in CVD management in the coming decade. The nanomaterials in CVD-related clinical trials and many promising preclinical strategies indicate that nanomedicine is on the cusp of greatly impacting patients with CVD. Here we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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White SB, Kim DH, Guo Y, Li W, Yang Y, Chen J, Gogineni VR, Larson AC. Biofunctionalized Hybrid Magnetic Gold Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Photothermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Radiology 2017; 285:809-819. [PMID: 28707960 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate that anti-MG1 conjugated hybrid magnetic gold nanoparticles (HNPs) act as a catalyst during photothermal ablation (PTA) of colorectal liver metastases, and thus increase ablation zones. Materials and Methods All experiments were performed with approval of the institutional animal care and use committee. Therapeutic and diagnostic multifunctional HNPs conjugated with anti-MG1 monoclonal antibodies were synthesized, and the coupling efficiency was determined. Livers of 19 Wistar rats were implanted with 5 × 106 rat colorectal liver metastasis cell line cells. The rats were divided into three groups according to injection: anti-MG1-coupled HNPs (n = 6), HNPs only (n = 6), and cells only (control group, n = 7). Voxel-wise R2 and R2* magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements were obtained before, immediately after, and 24 hours after injection. PTA was then performed with a fiber-coupled near-infrared (808 nm) diode laser with laser power of 0.56 W/cm2 for 3 minutes, while temperature changes were measured. Tumors were assessed for necrosis with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Organs were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to assess biodistribution. Therapeutic efficacy and tumor necrosis area were compared by using a one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis for statistically significant differences. Results The coupling efficiency was 22 μg/mg (55%). Significant differences were found between preinfusion and 24-hour postinfusion measurements of both T2 (repeated measures analysis of variance, P = .025) and T2* (P < .001). Significant differences also existed for T2* measurements between the anti-MG1 HNP and HNP-only groups (P = .034). Mean temperature ± standard deviation with PTA in the anti-MG1-coated HNP, HNP, and control groups was 50.2°C ± 7.8, 51°C ± 4.4, and 39.5°C ± 2.0, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed significant tumor targeting and splenic sequestration. Mean percentages of tumor necrosis in the anti-MG1-coated HNP, HNP, and control groups were 38% ± 29, 14% ± 17, and 7% ± 8, respectively (P = .043). Conclusion Targeted monoclonal antibody-conjugated HNPs can serve as a catalyst for photothermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases by increasing ablation zones. © RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B White
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Yang Guo
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Weiguo Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Yihe Yang
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Jeane Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Venkateswara R Gogineni
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | - Andrew C Larson
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (S.B.W., V.R.G.); Department of Radiology (S.B.W., D.H.K., Y.G., W.L., Y.Y., J.C., A.C.L.) and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.H.K., A.C.L.), Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Olson 8th floor 8-317, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (J.C.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.C.L.), Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
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Hingorani DV, Bernstein AS, Pagel MD. A review of responsive MRI contrast agents: 2005-2014. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:245-65. [PMID: 25355685 PMCID: PMC4414668 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on MRI contrast agents that are responsive to a change in a physiological biomarker. The response mechanisms are dependent on six physicochemical characteristics, including the accessibility of water to the agent, tumbling time, proton exchange rate, electron spin state, MR frequency or superparamagnetism of the agent. These characteristics can be affected by changes in concentrations or activities of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, or metal ions, or changes in redox state, pH, temperature, or light. A total of 117 examples are presented, including ones that employ nuclei other than (1) H, which attests to the creativity of multidisciplinary research efforts to develop responsive MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina V Hingorani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, USA
| | - Adam S Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, USA
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, USA
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Yu SS, Ortega RA, Reagan BW, McPherson JA, Sung HJ, Giorgio TD. Emerging applications of nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:620-46. [PMID: 21834059 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 16 million people in the United States have coronary artery disease (CAD), and approximately 325,000 people die annually from cardiac arrest. About two-thirds of unexpected cardiac deaths occur without prior recognition of cardiac disease. A vast majority of these deaths are attributable to the rupture of 'vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques'. Clinically, plaque vulnerability is typically assessed through imaging techniques, and ruptured plaques leading to acute myocardial infarction are treated through angioplasty or stenting. Despite significant advances, it is clear that current imaging methods are insufficiently capable for elucidating plaque composition--which is a key determinant of vulnerability. Further, the exciting improvement in the treatment of CAD afforded by stenting procedures has been buffered by significant undesirable host-implant effects, including restenosis and late thrombosis. Nanotechnology has led to some potential solutions to these problems by yielding constructs that interface with plaque cellular components at an unprecedented size scale. By leveraging the innate ability of macrophages to phagocytose nanoparticles, contrast agents can now be targeted to plaque inflammatory activity. Improvements in nano-patterning procedures have now led to increased ability to regenerate tissue isotropy directly on stents, enabling gradual regeneration of normal, physiologic vascular structures. Advancements in immunoassay technologies promise lower costs for biomarker measurements, and in the near future, may enable the addition of routine blood testing to the clinician's toolbox--decreasing the costs of atherosclerosis-related medical care. These are merely three examples among many stories of how nanotechnology continues to promise advances in the diagnosis and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shann S Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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