1
|
Kumar N, Lakra PS, Sinha RK, Roy AD, Saha D, Sinha JK. Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis with calculus formation in setting of prolapsed uterus. Autops Case Rep 2023; 13:e2023439. [PMID: 37795252 PMCID: PMC10546669 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2023.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare benign inflammatory lesion characterized by sheets of lipid-laden foamy histiocytes. It has been reported in various organs, mainly the kidney and gall bladder. Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is sporadic, with only a few cases reported in the English medical literature. Herein, we report a case of xanthogranulomatous endometritis with the formation of stones in a 50-year-old female patient with a prolapsed uterus. Grossly the endometrium was irregular, and the uterine cavity was filled with a yellow friable material, a polypoid growth, and yellowish stones. The microscopy showed sheets of histiocytes with few preserved endometrial glands. In this case, the xanthogranulomatous inflammation may mimic a clear cell carcinoma involving the endometrium and myometrium. One of the important differential diagnoses is malakoplakia. Immunohistochemistry and special stains are helpful in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prima Shuchita Lakra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ranwir Kumar Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Asitava Deb Roy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Debarshi Saha
- IQ City Medical College and Hospital, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology/Lab Medicine, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee KJY, Seah JL, O'Toole S, Warrier S. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation and spindle cell proliferation in response to silicone breast implant leakage. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e252091. [PMID: 36593075 PMCID: PMC9809262 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This case study highlights the rare complications of silicone breast implants, as well as the diagnostic limitations of imaging. The patient initially presented with leakage of bilateral breast implants as discovered by a positron emission tomography (PET)-computerized tomography (CT) scan performed as part of a workup for small bowel Langerhans cell sarcoma metastases. The imaging results of the PET-CT scan revealed increased activity bilaterally with an enhancing, irregular, heterogeneously enhancing mass in the right breast. Given the clinical suspicion for breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, further investigation including surgical excision was undertaken. What initially was a concern for a serious complication of long-standing breast implants, fortuitously turned out to be a benign but exuberant xanthogranulomatous inflammatory reactive process. We hope that our report will add to the literature of this rare phenomenon and highlight it as a differential diagnosis of a mass in association with breast implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Ji-Young Lee
- Sydney Medical Program, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jue Li Seah
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Sydney Medical Program, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Warrier
- Sydney Medical Program, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee YM, Gupta A, Gu J, Lee N. Role of conservative therapy prior to surgery in xanthogranulomatous mastitis: a case report. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1288. [PMID: 36618799 PMCID: PMC9816830 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2022-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Xanthogranulomatous mastitis is an extremely rare condition that is characterised by the infiltration of the breast parenchyma by foamy histiocytes. There have been only 26 reported cases amongst 10 publications. The clinical and radiological presentation of xanthogranulomatous mastitis often causes diagnostic confusion due to its similarity to breast cancer and other forms of chronic inflammatory mastitis. A histological diagnosis is often required either by core needle biopsy or excisional biopsy. Upon review of the literature, surgical excision was the most predominant mode of management. Case Description We present a case of xanthogranulomatous mastitis in a 40-year-old female who presented with clinical and radiological features of breast malignancy. This was a significantly large mass with a dimension of 90.7 mm by 36.4 mm, which if surgically excised, would have led to permanent cosmetic changes. Multiple core needle biopsies were completed to consider other differentials of histiocytic lesions including cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis, histiocytoid lobular breast carcinoma, Rosai-Dorfman disease and Erdheim-Chester disease. Conclusions Clinical improvement was noted with reduction in size from prolonged antibiotic therapy suggesting an initial conservative approach in the management of xanthogranulomatous mastitis. By contributing our experience with xanthogranulomatous mastitis, we also present a review of literature on its aetiology, clinical features, and management of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Lee
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Breast & Endocrine Unit, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennie Gu
- Breast & Endocrine Unit, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nara Lee
- SA Pathology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zahid IG, Kummarapurugu S, Alrefai S. Xanthogranulomatous Breast Mass: An Unusual Presentation. Cureus 2021; 13:e17973. [PMID: 34660155 PMCID: PMC8516024 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammatory reactions are benign inflammatory processes characterized by aggregating lipid-laden foamy macrophages. Although cases have been reported in different organ systems, these rare reactions predominantly occur in the kidney and gallbladder. We present a 92-year-old female who noticed a palpable, tender mass in the lower inner quadrant of her right breast with no skin changes. She was referred to surgery by her primary care physician on suspicion of malignancy and further evaluation. Ultrasound-guided biopsy, ordered by the primary care provider, revealed a suspicious high-grade malignant neoplasm of uncertain origin. Pathological findings include the presence of an unusual population of malignant epithelioid cells with a striking xanthogranulomatous reaction, along with numerous Touton-like histiocytes. These findings are comparable in morphology to a recently reported xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor. Given the lack of history of breast carcinoma in this patient as well as the lack of immunohistochemical studies suggesting breast carcinoma, treatment involved continuing standard of care for an unusual high-grade sarcoma via lumpectomy. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan was ordered to ensure there was no spread or alternate origins of the cancer tissue. This case report brings to light the findings of a probable xanthogranulomatous tumor in breast tissue, an exceptionally rare phenomenon in breast cancer, especially in the elderly population. Due to the rarity of xanthogranulomatous tumors in the breast, prognosis and standardized treatment have yet to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam G Zahid
- General Surgery, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | | | - Sameer Alrefai
- General Surgery, Sentara Halifax Regional Hospital, South Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kapoor H, Zhang Y, Qasem SA, Owen W, Szabunio MM. Xantho-granulomatous mastitis preceded by cysts on ultrasound: Two cases with review of literature. Clin Imaging 2021; 78:64-68. [PMID: 33770558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xantho-granulomatous mastitis (XGM) is a rare entity, only recently described in 2005. These lesions are often biopsied due to their clinical and radiological resemblance to breast cancer. With limited clinical experience, the etiopathogenesis and natural history of XGM remains unknown. We present two cases of pathologically proven XGM that were imaged at two time-points, with the findings alluding to the possibility of a precursor stage of cyst formation. In addition, we present a thorough review of all cases published to date and discuss the differential considerations and management implications of XGM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harit Kapoor
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shadi A Qasem
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wendi Owen
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Margaret M Szabunio
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St. HX315E, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Provenzano E, Pinder SE. Modern therapies and iatrogenic changes in breast pathology. Histopathology 2016; 70:40-55. [PMID: 27960235 DOI: 10.1111/his.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iatrogenic changes within the breast can provide challenges for the histopathologist in routine practice. Diagnostic procedures, such as core biopsies, result in reactive changes and can cause displacement of benign and malignant cells, the interpretation of which may cause difficulties in the resection specimen. Breast augmentation surgery with implants or injection of fillers, performed for cosmetic reasons or as part of a reconstructive process following removal of breast cancer, also produces reactive changes locally and at distant sites that may mimic cancer. The entity of implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is now well recognized, with progress in our understanding of the underlying biological factors that drive its development. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of breast cancer causes characteristic changes in normal breast tissue, and can alter the histological appearance and receptor status of the tumour. Radiotherapy to the breast, for breast cancer or childhood malignancies, increases the risk of developing a secondary malignancy in the breast long after treatment. In this review, we describe some of the iatrogenic changes that may be seen in histological specimens from the breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Provenzano
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dinets A, Unukovych D, Khrapach V, Zakhartseva O, Sulik V, Kaminskyi E, Khrapach O, Meloyan A, Zakhartseva L, Mishalov V. An unusual case of a ruptured Poly Implant Prothèse breast implant associated with xanthoma. CASE REPORTS IN PLASTIC SURGERY AND HAND SURGERY 2016; 3:11-5. [PMID: 27583262 PMCID: PMC4996062 DOI: 10.3109/23320885.2016.1153974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A suspicious breast mass was intra-operatively found in a female patient previously operated for breast augmentation with the Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) implants. The neoplasm was verified as xanthoma and an asymptomatic microrupture of PIP was also detected. This report discusses possible association of breast xanthoma with PIP implant rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Unukovych
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine; Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vasyl Khrapach
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Olga Zakhartseva
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Sulik
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Edgar Kaminskyi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Harmony Hospital , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Khrapach
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Ani Meloyan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lubov Zakhartseva
- Department of Pathology, Kyiv City Teaching Oncology Center , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Mishalov
- Department of Surgery #4, Bogomolets National Medical University , Kiev , Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
WOLLIN DA, BRUCKER BM. Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate due to Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 7:166-8. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. WOLLIN
- Department of Urology; NYU Langone Medical Center; New York New York USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xanthogranulomatous capsulitis mimicking a polypoid neoplasm disease: an unusual presentation of ruptured Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) breast implant. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-013-0889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Al-Rawabdeh SM, Prasad V, King DR, Kahwash SB. Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis in a child: report of a case and review of the literature. Case Rep Med 2013; 2013:498191. [PMID: 24093025 PMCID: PMC3777195 DOI: 10.1155/2013/498191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a well-described inflammatory process, which may involve any organ but is most frequently encountered in the gall bladder and the kidney. There are rare reports of xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XA) in the adult population, but only one brief mention of such a diagnosis in a child. In this report, we describe the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis necessitating appendectomy. Upon microscopic examination, the appendix showed the typical features of XA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-described case XA in a noninterval appendix in a child. We also reviewed the limited medical literature on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sura M. Al-Rawabdeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Denis R. King
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Samir B. Kahwash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rupture of poly implant prothèse silicone breast implants: an implant retrieval study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 131:480e-489e. [PMID: 23249979 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182818a00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly Implant Prothèse implants were recalled in Australia in April of 2010 following concerns of higher than expected rupture rates and the use of unauthorized industrial grade silicone as a filler material. Although subsequent investigations found that the gel filler material does not pose a threat to human health, the important question of what caused a relatively modern breast implant to have such a poor outcome compared with contemporary silicone breast implants is yet to be addressed. METHODS From a cohort of 27 patients, 19 ruptured Poly Implant Prothèse breast implants were subjected to a range of mechanical tests and microscopic/macroscopic investigations to evaluate possible changes in properties as a result of implantation. New Poly Implant Prothèse implants were used as controls. RESULTS All samples, explanted and controls, complied with the requirements for shell integrity as specified in the International Organization for Standardization 14607. Compression testing revealed rupture rates similar to those reported in the literature. Shell thickness was highly variable, with most shells having regions below the minimum thickness of 0.57 mm that was specified by the manufacturer. Potential regions of stress concentration were observed on the smooth inner surfaces and outer textured surfaces. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of Poly Implant Prothèse shell rupture is most likely a result of inadequate quality control, with contributory factors being shell thickness variation and manufacturing defects on both inner and outer surfaces of the shell. No evidence of shell degradation with implantation time was determined.
Collapse
|