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Monaco CF, Davis JS. Mechanisms of angioregression of the corpus luteum. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254943. [PMID: 37841308 PMCID: PMC10568036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a transient ovarian endocrine gland that produces the progesterone necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The formation and function of this gland involves angiogenesis, establishing the tissue with a robust blood flow and vast microvasculature required to support production of progesterone. Every steroidogenic cell within the corpus luteum is in direct contact with a capillary, and disruption of angiogenesis impairs luteal development and function. At the end of a reproductive cycle, the corpus luteum ceases progesterone production and undergoes rapid structural regression into a nonfunctional corpus albicans in a process initiated and exacerbated by the luteolysin prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Structural regression is accompanied by complete regression of the luteal microvasculature in which endothelial cells die and are sloughed off into capillaries and lymphatic vessels. During luteal regression, changes in nitric oxide transiently increase blood flow, followed by a reduction in blood flow and progesterone secretion. Early luteal regression is marked by an increased production of cytokines and chemokines and influx of immune cells. Microvascular endothelial cells are sensitive to released factors during luteolysis, including thrombospondin, endothelin, and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFB1). Although PGF2α is known to be a vasoconstrictor, endothelial cells do not express receptors for PGF2α, therefore it is believed that the angioregression occurring during luteolysis is mediated by factors downstream of PGF2α signaling. Yet, the exact mechanisms responsible for angioregression in the corpus luteum remain unknown. This review describes the current knowledge on angioregression of the corpus luteum and the roles of vasoactive factors released during luteolysis on luteal vasculature and endothelial cells of the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine F. Monaco
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
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Bishop CV, Selvaraj V, Townson DH, Pate JL, Wiltbank MC. History, insights, and future perspectives on studies into luteal function in cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac143. [PMID: 35772753 PMCID: PMC9246667 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) forms following ovulation from the remnant of the Graafian follicle. This transient tissue produces critical hormones to maintain pregnancy, including the steroid progesterone. In cattle and other ruminants, the presence of an embryo determines if the lifespan of the CL will be prolonged to ensure successful implantation and gestation, or if the tissue will undergo destruction in the process known as luteolysis. Infertility and subfertility in dairy and beef cattle results in substantial economic loss to producers each year. In addition, this has the potential to exacerbate climate change because more animals are needed to produce high-quality protein to feed the growing world population. Successful pregnancies require coordinated regulation of uterine and ovarian function by the developing embryo. These processes are often collectively termed "maternal recognition of pregnancy." Research into the formation, function, and destruction of the bovine CL by the Northeast Multistate Project, one of the oldest continuously funded Hatch projects by the USDA, has produced a large body of evidence increasing our knowledge of the contribution of ovarian processes to fertility in ruminants. This review presents some of the seminal research into the regulation of the ruminant CL, as well as identifying mechanisms that remain to be completely validated in the bovine CL. This review also contains a broad discussion of the roles of prostaglandins, immune cells, as well as mechanisms contributing to steroidogenesis in the ruminant CL. A triadic model of luteolysis is discussed wherein the interactions among immune cells, endothelial cells, and luteal cells dictate the ability of the ruminant CL to respond to a luteolytic stimulus, along with other novel hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily V Bishop
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David H Townson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Joy L Pate
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Carr SN, Crites BR, Pate JL, Hughes CHK, Matthews JC, Bridges PJ. Form of Supplemental Selenium Affects the Expression of mRNA Transcripts Encoding Selenoproteins, and Proteins Regulating Cholesterol Uptake, in the Corpus Luteum of Grazing Beef Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:313. [PMID: 35158637 PMCID: PMC8833813 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-deficient soils necessitate supplementation of this mineral to the diet of forage-grazing cattle. Functionally, Se is incorporated into selenoproteins, some of which function as important antioxidants. We have previously shown that the source of supplemental Se; inorganic (sodium selenite or sodium selenate; ISe), organic (selenomethionine or selenocysteine; OSe) or 1:1 mix of ISe and OSe (MIX), provided to Angus-cross cows affects concentrations of progesterone (P4) during the early luteal phase of the estrous cycle. In this study, we sought to investigate (1) the effect of form of Se on the expression of mRNA encoding selenoproteins in the corpus luteum (CL), and (2) whether this previously reported MIX-induced increase in P4 is the result of increased luteal expression of key steroidogenic transcripts. Following a Se depletion and repletion regimen, 3-year-old, non-lactating, Angus- cross cows were supplemented with either ISe as the industry standard, or MIX for at least 90 days, with the CL then retrieved on Day 7 post-estrus. Half of each CL was used for analysis of targeted mRNA transcripts and the remainder was dissociated for culture with select agonists. The expression of three selenoprotein transcripts and one selenoprotein P receptor was increased (p < 0.05), with an additional five transcripts tending to be increased (p < 0.10), in cows supplemented with MIX versus ISe. In cultures of luteal cells, hCG-induced increases in P4 (p < 0.05) were observed in CL obtained from ISe-supplemented cows. The abundance of steroidogenic transcripts in the CL was not affected by the form of Se, however, the abundance of mRNA encoding 2 key transcripts regulating cholesterol availability (Ldlr and Hsl) was increased (p < 0.05) in MIX-supplemented cows. Overall, the form of Se provided to cows is reported to affect the expression of mRNA encoding several selenoproteins in the CL, and that the form of Se-induced effects on luteal production of P4 appears to be the result of changes in cholesterol availability rather than a direct effect on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes within the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Carr
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.N.C.); (B.R.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Benjamin R. Crites
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.N.C.); (B.R.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Joy L. Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.L.P.); (C.H.K.H.)
| | - Camilla H. K. Hughes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.L.P.); (C.H.K.H.)
| | - James C. Matthews
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.N.C.); (B.R.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Phillip J. Bridges
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (S.N.C.); (B.R.C.); (J.C.M.)
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Jerome A, Bhati J, Mishra D, Chaturvedi K, Rao A, Rai A, Sikka P, Singh I. MicroRNA-related markers associated with corpus luteum tropism in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Genomics 2020; 112:108-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Walusimbi SS, Wetzel LM, Townson DH, Pate JL. Isolation of luteal endothelial cells and functional interactions with T lymphocytes. Reproduction 2017; 153:519-533. [PMID: 28174320 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to optimize the isolation of luteal endothelial cells (LEC) and examine their functional interactions with autologous T lymphocytes. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the purity of LEC isolated by filtration was nearly 90% as indicated by Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS)-1 lectin binding. LEC expressed mRNA for progesterone receptor (PGR), prostaglandin receptors (PTGFR, PTGER2 and 4, and PTGIR), tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRSF1A&B) and interleukin (IL) 1B receptors (IL1R1&2). LEC were pretreated with either vehicle, progesterone (P4; 0-20 µM), prostaglandin (PG) E2 or PGF2α (0-0.2 µM), and further treated with or without TNF and IL1B (50 ng/mL each). LEC were then incubated with autologous T lymphocytes in an adhesion assay. Fewer lymphocytes adhered to LEC after exposure to high compared to low P4 concentrations (cubic response; P < 0.05). In contrast, 0.2 µM PGE2 and PGF2α each increased T lymphocyte adhesion in the absence of cytokines (P < 0.05). LEC induced IL2 receptor alpha (CD25) expression and proliferation of T lymphocytes. In conclusion, filtration is an effective way of isolating large numbers of viable LEC. It is proposed that PGs and P4 modulate the ability of endothelial cells to bind T lymphocytes, potentially regulating extravasation, and that LEC activate T lymphocytes migrating into or resident in the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Walusimbi
- Department of Animal ScienceCenter for Reproductive Biology and Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L M Wetzel
- Department of Animal ScienceCenter for Reproductive Biology and Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D H Townson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - J L Pate
- Department of Animal ScienceCenter for Reproductive Biology and Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ever-changing cell interactions during the life span of the corpus luteum: Relevance to luteal regression. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Walusimbi SS, Pate JL. Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium: role of immune cells in the corpus luteum. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1650-9. [PMID: 23422006 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential for optimal function of the reproductive system. The corpus luteum (CL) is an endocrine organ that secretes progesterone, which is responsible for regulating the length of the estrous cycle, and for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. This paper reviews literature that addresses 2 areas; i) how immune cells are recruited to the CL, and ii) how immune cells communicate with luteal cells to affect the formation, development, and regression of the CL. Immune cells, primarily recruited to the ovulatory follicle from lymphoid organs after the LH surge, facilitate ovulation and populate the developing CL. During the luteal phase, changes in the population of macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes occur at critical functional stages of the CL. In addition to their role in facilitating ovulation, immune cells may have an important role in luteal function. Evidence shows that cytokines secreted by immune cells modulate both luteotropic and luteolytic processes. However, the decision to pursue either function may depend on the environment provided by luteal cells. It is suggested that understanding the role immune cells play could lead to identification of new strategies to improve fertility in dairy cattle and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Walusimbi
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Mondal M, Schilling B, Folger J, Steibel JP, Buchnick H, Zalman Y, Ireland JJ, Meidan R, Smith GW. Deciphering the luteal transcriptome: potential mechanisms mediating stage-specific luteolytic response of the corpus luteum to prostaglandin F2α. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:447-56. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00155.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify prostaglandin F2α (PG)-induced changes in the transcriptome of bovine corpora lutea (CL) that are specific to mature, PG-responsive (day 11) CL vs. developing (day 4) CL, which do not undergo luteolysis in response to PG administration. CL were collected at 0, 4, and 24 h after PG injection on days 4 and 11 of the estrous cycle ( n = 5 per day and time point), and microarray analysis was performed with GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays. Data normalization was performed with affy package and significance testing with maanova from Bioconductor. Significance (relative to 0 h time point) was declared at fold change >2.0 or <0.5 and false discovery rate of <5%. At 4 and 24 h after PG, 221 (day 4) and 661 (day 11) and 248 (day 4) and 1,421 (day 11) regulated genes, respectively, were identified. The accentuated gene expression response in day 11 CL was accompanied by specific enrichment of PG-regulated genes in distinctive gene ontology categories (immune related and other), particularly at 24 h after injection. Specificity in putative transcription factor binding sites was observed among PG-regulated genes on day 11 vs. day 4, including a potential association of ETS transcription factors with acute PG-induced gene expression specific to day 11 CL. Temporal and PG-induced regulation of abundance of mRNA for ETS transcription factor family members linked to the stage-specific response to PG was not observed. Increased abundance of protein and/or mRNA for six PG-regulated putative ETS-responsive genes was noted in day 11 but not day 4 CL. Results reveal insight into stage-specific gene expression in bovine CL in response to PG and potential transcriptional mediators of luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Mondal
- National Research Centre on Mithun, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics and
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Beau Schilling
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics and
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Joe Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics and
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Juan Pedro Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Heli Buchnick
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Zalman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James J. Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - George W. Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics and
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
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Pate JL, Toyokawa K, Walusimbi S, Brzezicka E. The interface of the immune and reproductive systems in the ovary: lessons learned from the corpus luteum of domestic animal models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64:275-86. [PMID: 20712810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes that characterize the female reproductive system are regulated by hormones. However, local cell-to-cell interactions may mediate responsiveness of tissues to hormonal signals. The corpus luteum (CL) is an excellent model for understanding how immune cells are recruited into tissues and the role played by those cells in regulating tissue homeostasis or demise. Leukocytes are recruited into the CL throughout its lifespan, and leukocyte-derived cytokines have been found in corpora lutea of all species examined. The proinflammatory cytokines inhibit gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis, profoundly stimulate prostaglandin synthesis by luteal cells, and promote apoptosis. However, there is mounting evidence that leukocytes and luteal cells communicate in different ways to maintain homeostasis within the functional CL. Domestic animals have provided important information regarding the presence and role of immune cells in the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy L Pate
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Ndiaye K, Lussier JG, Pate JL. Molecular characterization and expression of DERL1 in bovine ovarian follicles and corpora lutea. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:94. [PMID: 20682045 PMCID: PMC2920863 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis and facilitates the folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins. Misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated across the ER membrane and destroyed at the proteasome. DERL1 is an important protein involved in the retrotranslocation and degradation of a subset of misfolded proteins from the ER. We characterized a 2617 bp cDNA from bovine granulosa cells that corresponded to bovine DERL1. Two transcripts of 3 and 2.6 kb were detected by Northern blot analysis, and showed variations in expression among tissues. During follicular development, DERL1 expression was greater in day 5 dominant follicles compared to small follicles, ovulatory follicles, or corpus luteum (CL). Within the CL, DERL1 mRNA expression was intermediate in midcycle, and lowest in late cycle as compared to early in the estrous cycle. Western blot analyses demonstrated the presence of DERL1 in the bovine CL at days 5, 11, and 18 of the estrous cycle. Co-immunoprecipitation using luteal tissues showed that DERL1 interacts with class I MHC but not with VIMP or p97 ATPase. The interaction between DERL1 and MHC I suggests that, in the CL, DERL1 may regulate the integrity of MHC I molecules that are transported to the ER membrane. Furthermore, the greater expression of DERL1 mRNA is associated with the active follicular development and early luteal stages, suggesting a role of DERL1 in tissue remodeling events and maintenance of function in reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidou Ndiaye
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, 1600 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jacques G Lussier
- University of Montreal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2 S 7C6, Canada
| | - Joy L Pate
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Sheldon IM, Price SB, Cronin J, Gilbert RO, Gadsby JE. Mechanisms of infertility associated with clinical and subclinical endometritis in high producing dairy cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44 Suppl 3:1-9. [PMID: 19660075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and subclinical endometritis are common causes of infertility and subfertility in high producing dairy cattle, delaying the onset of ovarian cyclic activity after parturition, extending luteal phases and reducing conception rates. Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes cause endometrial damage and inflammation. Components of microbes, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are detected by Toll-like receptors on endometrial cells, leading to secretion of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides. Long luteal phases associated with endometritis are probably caused by a switch in endometrial prostaglandin production from prostaglandin F2a (PGF) to prostaglandin E2. In addition, LPS impairs the function of the hypothalamus and pituitary, and directly perturbs ovarian granulosa cells steroidogenesis, providing mechanisms to explain the association between uterine disease and anovulatory anoestrus. Cows with uterine disease that ovulate have lower peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations that may further reduce the chance of conception associated with endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
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Połeć A, Tanbo T, Fedorcsák P. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Cellular Interaction Regulates Interleukin-8 Secretion by Granulosa-Lutein Cells and Monocytes/Macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2008; 61:85-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sander VA, Piehl L, Facorro GB, Rubín de Celis E, Motta AB. Regulation of functional and regressing stages of corpus luteum development in mice. Role of reactive oxygen species. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:760-9. [PMID: 18842178 DOI: 10.1071/rd08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine and immune systems modulate ovarian function. The aim of the present work was to compare the status of various modulating factors in two well-defined stages of corpus luteum (CL) development (the functional stage and the regressing stage) by means of a gonadotropin-synchronised mouse model. At the regressing stage of CL development, we found that ovarian tissue showed increased prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) and diminished PGE levels concomitantly with enhanced protein abundance of ovarian cyclooxygenase 2, the inducible isoform of the limiting enzyme of PG synthesis. We also found both enhanced lipid peroxidation and enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity, as well as inhibited catalase activity and inhibited total hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, when compared with ovaries at the functional stage. In addition, at the regressing stage we observed an increased percentage of CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) T-cells and a decreased percentage of CD4+ (helper) T-cells from ovarian-draining lymph nodes. Also, the serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were diminished as compared with the functional stage. We conclude that a pro-oxidant status together with a pro-inflammatory response is responsible for the loss of luteal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Sander
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nagai Y, Aso H, Ogasawara H, Tanaka S, Taketa Y, Watanabe K, Ohwada S, Rose MT, Kitazawa H, Yamaguchi T. Anterior Pituitary Progenitor Cells Express Costimulatory Molecule 4Ig-B7-H3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:6073-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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