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Akutsu T, Minegishi S, Watanabe K, Toyomane K, Yamagishi T, Sakurada K. Quantitative evaluation of endometrium-expressed mRNAs for the purpose of discriminating between menstruation and traumatic vaginal injury in sexual assault cases. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1245-1254. [PMID: 38409607 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In sexual assault cases, it is crucial to discriminate between peripheral blood and menstrual blood to provide evidence for vaginal intercourse with traumatic injury. In this study, the menstrual blood mRNA markers progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP), matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7), and left-right determination factor 2 (LEFTY2) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) for the discrimination of menstrual blood from peripheral blood and vaginal fluid. As a result, all markers with cutoff delta cycle quantification (ΔCq) values were specifically determined in menstrual blood among forensically relevant body fluids. Even though the changes in the expression levels of each marker differed during the menstrual cycle, all markers were determined to be positive in most of the randomly collected menstrual blood samples that were analyzed. Additionally, the markers with proposed cutoff ΔCq values could discriminate between menstrual blood and peripheral blood-mixed vaginal fluid samples. The determination of positive markers was less affected by storage temperature under dry conditions than under wet conditions, while PAEP was detectable in samples stored below room temperature under wet conditions. The detectability of PAEP was considered to be the result of its higher expression level compared with MMP7 and LEFTY2. In conclusion, menstrual blood markers for the RT-qPCR procedure evaluated in this study were highly specific for menstrual blood. The proposed procedure could be useful for discriminating between menstruation and traumatic bleeding in the female genital tract. In particular, PAEP is expected to be applicable to forensic casework samples because of its high specificity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Akutsu
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Saki Minegishi
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kochi Toyomane
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakurada
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Yoshino Y, Teruya T, Miyamoto C, Hirose M, Endo S, Ikari A. Unraveling the Mechanisms Involved in the Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4994. [PMID: 38732212 PMCID: PMC11084488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin wound healing process consists of hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, with a complex cellular response by multiple cell types in the epidermis, dermis, and immune system. Magnesium is a mineral essential for life, and although magnesium treatment promotes cutaneous wound healing, the molecular mechanism and timing of action of the healing process are unknown. This study, using human epidermal-derived HaCaT cells and human normal epidermal keratinocyte cells, was performed to investigate the mechanism involved in the effect of magnesium on wound healing. The expression levels of epidermal differentiation-promoting factors were reduced by MgCl2, suggesting an inhibitory effect on epidermal differentiation in the remodeling stage of the late wound healing process. On the other hand, MgCl2 treatment increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), a cell migration-promoting factor, and enhanced cell migration via the MEK/ERK pathway activation. The enhancement of cell migration by MgCl2 was inhibited by MMP7 knockdown, suggesting that MgCl2 enhances cell migration which is mediated by increased MMP7 expression. Our results revealed that MgCl2 inhibits epidermal differentiation but promotes cell migration, suggesting that applying magnesium to the early wound healing process could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.); (C.M.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
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Amjadi F, Zandieh Z, Mehdizadeh M, Ajdary M, Aghamajidi A, Raoufi E, Aflatoonian R. Molecular signature of immunological mechanism behind impaired endometrial receptivity in polycystic ovarian syndrome. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:2359-3997000000476. [PMID: 35551681 PMCID: PMC9832857 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Despite the treatment of anovulation, infertility is still one of the main complications in PCOS women during reproductive age, which appears to be mainly due to impaired uterine receptivity. This study investigated the transcriptome profiles of endometrium in PCOS patients and healthy fertile individuals as the control group. Methods Total mRNA was extracted from endometrial tissues of PCOS patients (n = 12) and healthy fertile individuals (n = 10) during the luteal phase. After cDNA synthesis, PCR array was performed using Human Female Infertility RT2 Profiler PCR Array kit (Qiagen, Cat.No: PAHS-164Z) for evaluating expression of 84 genes contributing to the female infertility. Results PCR Array data analysis identified significantly greater expression of CSF, IL11, IL15, IL1r1, IL1b, TNF, LIF, TNFRSF10B, TGFβ, C3, ITGA4 (Cd49d), SPP1, and Calca in PCOS women than in controls (P < 0.05). However, the expression of LIFR, C2, CD55, CFD, CALCA, LAM1, LAMC2, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, ESR, SELL, ITGB3, and VCAM1 was significantly lower in PCOS group than in controls (P < 0.05). The results revealed dysregulation of immune-inflammatory molecules, complement activation and downregulation of IGF-I as well as adhesion molecules in PCOS group. Conclusion The findings of this study indicated some potential causes of reduced receptivity of endometrium thus compromising the fertility in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Akbarabadi IVF clinic, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Akbarabadi IVF clinic, Akbarabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ajdary
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raoufi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Bioluence Biopharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,
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Bulgurcuoglu-Kuran S, Ozsait-Selcuk B, Gungor-Ugurlucan F, Koksal G, Günay C, Faruk B. Higher follicular fluid glycodelin levels are negatively correlated with embryonic development in assisted reproduction. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:346-351. [PMID: 30264946 PMCID: PMC6210615 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible effect of follicular fluid glycodelin levels on the quality of developing oocytes and subsequent in vitro embryo development. METHODS Follicular fluid glycodelin levels of 145 patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment were analyzed and the correlation between glycodelin levels and ART outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS We found that glycodelin levels were negatively correlated with the number of high quality embryos on day 3 (r=-0.20, p=0.05). Additionally, higher glycodelin levels were correlated with higher FSH levels (r=0.18, p=0.04). However, glycodelin levels were not predictive for implantation (p=0.67) or ongoing pregnancy rates (p=0.99). CONCLUSION Glycodelin in the follicular environment might be one of the factors that influence the competence of growing oocytes and affect the quality of subsequent in vitro embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Bulgurcuoglu-Kuran
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Ozsait-Selcuk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Gungor-Ugurlucan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gözde Koksal
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Günay
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University (Cerrahpasa), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buyru Faruk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liu S, Hua T, Xin X, Shi R, Chi S, Wang H. Altered expression of hormone receptor, integrin β3 and pinopode in the endometrium of luteal phase defect women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:315-319. [PMID: 27960568 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1259405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To invistigate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin β3, and pinopode expression in luteal phase deficiency (LPD) women. METHODS There were 52 nulligravidas consecutive infertile patients undergoing a routine assistant reproduction consultation included in this study. An endometrial biopsy sample was randomly obtained between days 4 and 10 of the luteal phase. Endometrial morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Expressions of ER, PR, integrin β3 were determined in the endometrium of LPD patients with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The incidence of LPD was 15.3% (8/52) in this study. On day luteinizing hormone (LH) surge + 9∼LH + 10, noted regressing pinopodes resembling a day LH + 7∼LH + 8 in the endometrium of the control group. The expressions of ER and PR in glandular epithelium were significantly increased in endometrium of LPD than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was a statistically significant decrease expression of the integrin β3 in women from the group of LPD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The altered expression of ER and PR may be associated with the expression variation of integrin and pinopode formation in endometrium of LPD women. This alteration may imply the association of low rates of cycle fecundity and high rates of embryonic loss in LPD women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangge Liu
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Teng Hua
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaoyan Xin
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Rui Shi
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Shuqi Chi
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Dorostghoal M, Ghaffari HOA, Shahbazian N, Mirani M. Endometrial expression of β3 integrin, calcitonin and plexin-B1 in the window of implantation in women with unexplained infertility. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:33-40. [PMID: 28280798 PMCID: PMC5340137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial receptivity plays a key role in the establishment of successful implantation and its impairment may contribute to subfertility and limit the assisted reproduction techniques (ART) success. OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to investigate endometrial receptivity in terms of β3 integrin, calcitonin and plexin-B1 expression in women with unexplained infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated expression of β3 integrin, calcitonin and plexin-B1 through mRNA level measurement with real-time RT-PCR, in the endometrium of 16 infertile women with unexplained infertility and 10 fertile women. Endometrial biopsies were collected during a single menstrual cycle on postovulatory day LH+7 in each subject. RESULTS Significant differences regarding β3 integrin and calcitonin expression levels found between patients with unexplained infertility and the fertile women. Endometrial plexin-B1 expression levels showed no significant difference between fertile and infertile women. There were significant correlations between expression of β3 integrin with calcitonin and plexin-B1 in fertile and infertile women. CONCLUSION Reduced in endometrial expression of β3 integrin and calcitonin alone or together may contribute to unexplained infertility and these genes could account as the potential molecular markers of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dorostghoal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hamid-o-allah Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Shahbazian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mirani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Acuña OS, Avilés M, López-Úbeda R, Guillén-Martínez A, Soriano-Úbeda C, Torrecillas A, Coy P, Izquierdo-Rico MJ. Differential gene expression in porcine oviduct during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2387-2399. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviduct undergoes changes under the influence of steroid hormones during the oestrous cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oviductal regulation are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to identify the gene expression profile of the porcine oviduct in different stages of the cycle using microarray technology. A systematic study was performed on animals at four different stage: prepubertal gilts, and sows in the preovulatory, postovulatory and luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The porcine oviduct expressed a total of 4929 genes. Moreover, significant differences in the expression of several genes were detected as the oestrous cycle progressed. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that a total of 86, 89 and 15 genes were upregulated in prepubertal gilts, preovulatory and luteal sows respectively compared with levels observed in postovulatory sows. Moreover, 80, 51 and 64 genes were downregulated in prepubertal, preovulatory and luteal animals respectively compared with the postovulatory sows. The concentrations of 10 selected transcripts were quantified by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction to validate the cDNA array hybridisation data. Conversely, for some genes, localisation of corresponding protein expression in the oviduct was analysed by immunohistochemistry (i.e. cholecystokinin, glutathione peroxidase 2, mucin 1, phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 and tachykinin 3) and mass spectrometry analysis of oviductal fluid allowed identification of peptides from all five proteins. The results of the present study demonstrate that gene expression in the porcine oviduct is clearly regulated during the oestrous cycle, with some oviductal proteins that could be related to several reproductive processes described here for the first time.
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The Impact of Endometriosis across the Lifespan of Women: Foreseeable Research and Therapeutic Prospects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:158490. [PMID: 26064879 PMCID: PMC4438168 DOI: 10.1155/2015/158490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to estrogen dependence, endometriosis is characterized by chronic pelvic inflammation. The impact of the chronic pelvic inflammatory state on other organ systems and women's health is unclear. Endometriosis associated chronic inflammation and potential adverse health effects across the lifespan render it imperative for renewed research vigor into the identification of novel biomarkers of disease and therapeutic options. Herein we propose a number of opportunities for research and development of new therapeutics to address the unmet needs in the treatment of endometriosis per se and its ancillary risks for other diseases in women across the lifespan.
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Farimani Sanoee M, Alizamir T, Faramarzi S, Saidijam M, Yadegarazari R, Shabab N, Rastgoo Haghi A, Alizadeh Z. Effect of myomectomy on endometrial glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and glycodelin mRNA expression at the time of the implantation window. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 18:60-6. [PMID: 24518545 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1222.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fertile women, glycodelin and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) genes expression rises during the luteal phase, with a peak occurring during the implantation window. The expression of these genes decreases in women with myomas. To determine whether myomectomy would reverse glycodelin and GPx3 expression, we evaluated the transcript levels of these genes in the endometrium of patients before and after myomectomy. METHODS Expression of glycodelin and GPx3 genes were examined prospectively during the midluteal phase in the endometrium obtained from infertile women with myoma (n = 12) before and three months after myomectomy. Endometrial expression of these genes was evaluated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Endometrial glycodelin mRNA expression levels (normalized to 18S rRNA expression) were increased significantly in endometrium of patients after myomectomy (P = 0.02). GPx3 mRNA expression was increased insignificantly after myomectomy (P = 0.43). CONCLUSION The results showed that myomectomy increased endometrial glycodelin (significantly) and GPx3 (not significantly) gene expression after 3 months. Study at different times and detecting expression of these genes can reveal more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Farimani Sanoee
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Alizamir
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shamila Faramarzi
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Yadegarazari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shabab
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rastgoo Haghi
- Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Alizadeh
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Rahimi Z, Kazemian L, Malek-Khosravi S, Najafi F, Rahimi Z. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 A-181G and its interaction with matrix metalloproteinase-9 C-1562T polymorphism in preeclamptic patients: association with malondialdehyde level and severe preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:45-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tie X, Han S, Meng L, Wang Y, Wu A. NFAT1 is highly expressed in, and regulates the invasion of, glioblastoma multiforme cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66008. [PMID: 23762456 PMCID: PMC3675208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family have been identified as regulators of oncogenic transformation in several human malignancies. A prominent member of this family, NFAT1, is associated with tumor cell survival, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Here, we investigated the role of NFAT1 in glioma cells. In 111 clinical samples, microarray analysis demonstrated that NFAT1 was over-expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), compared with low-grade gliomas, a result confirmed by RT-PCR in 24 clinical samples and in the U87 and U251 cell lines. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence stain indicated that over-expressed NFAT1 was mainly located in the nucleus, where it acted as a transcription factor. After treatment with the NFAT antagonist cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506, levels of NFAT1 in the nuclei of U87 GBM cells were dramatically reduced. The invasive potential of U87 cells was reduced by the same treatment, as well as by inhibition of NFAT1 expression using small hairpin RNA. Proliferation of U87 cells was unaffected by CsA, FK506 and NFAT1 shRNA transfection. Clustering analysis and Pearson correlation analysis of microarray data showed that the expression of NFAT1 correlated with the expression of the invasion-related genes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and MMP-9, a result confirmed by in vitro analysis. These findings demonstrate that NFAT1 contributes to the invasive potential but not the proliferation of GBM cells, and suggest that CsA may find application as an adjuvant in combined treatment strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Evron A, Goldman S, Shalev E. Effect of primary human endometrial stromal cells on epithelial cell receptivity and protein expression is dependent on menstrual cycle stage. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:176-90. [PMID: 21098625 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful implantation requires a receptive endometrium. We hypothesized that effects of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) on epithelial cell receptivity and trophoblast-endometrium interaction are menstrual cycle dependent. METHODS An endometrial in vitro 3D co-culture model of primary human ESC with the endometrial epithelial cell line (RL95-2) was constructed. Co-cultures were prepared using primary ESC from biopsies taken before the window of implantation (ESCbw) and during the window of implantation (ESCw), on cycle days 10-17 and 19-23, respectively. RL95-2 served as a constant parameter upon which the influence of ESC from different phases of the cycle was investigated. proMMP-2 (MMP, matrix metalloproteinase) and proMMP-9 secretion was tested in response to progesterone. Progesterone receptor B (PR-B) and plexin B1 protein expression and mRNA levels were investigated using immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Progesterone increased proMMP-2 secretion in primary ESCbw (P = 0.0046) but decreased proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 secretion in ESCw (P < 0.0005). In the presence of ESCbw, JAR spheroid attachment rate to overlying RL95-2 cells was decreased (P < 0.0001), whereas in the presence of ESCw, attachment rate was unchanged. Progesterone treatment restored epithelial cell receptivity in co-culture with ESCbw (P = 0.00004). A correlation between spheroid attachment rate and plexin B1 mRNA level was observed (P = 0.01). PR-B protein and mRNA level were influenced by the interplay between RL95-2 and stromal cells. CONCLUSION The effects of human primary ESC on epithelial cell receptivity and trophoblast-endometrium interaction depended upon whether the ESC were taken before or during the window of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Evron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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