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Zang Y, Li H, Liu S, Zhao R, Zhang K, Zang Y, Wang Y, Xue F. The roles and clinical applications of interleukins in endometrial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001693. [PMID: 36531027 PMCID: PMC9748080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, endometrial carcinoma (EC) seriously endangers women's health with an increasing incidence. The oncogenesis and progression of cancer are closely linked with immune microenvironment, of which interleukins are the important components. In order to illustrate the roles and clinical applications of interleukins in EC, literature of interleukins and EC were reviewed. Based on the present studies, interleukins play crucial roles in the oncogenesis and development of EC via regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy of EC as well as the immune function against EC. And some of the interleukins seems to have prospective clinical applications in EC, such as evaluating the risk of tumorigenesis, discriminating the malignancy from benign disorders or normal condition, indicating cancer aggressiveness, predicting the prognosis of patients and serving as the novel therapy. However, there is still a long way to go before the clinical applications of interleukins in EC come into reality. Nevertheless, it is certain that the exploration of interleukins will definitely be of great benefit to the screening, diagnosis and treatment of EC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqi Zang
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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2
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Azadehrah M, Vosoogh S, Azadehrah M. The roles and therapeutic applications of cytokines in endometrial cancer. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103652. [PMID: 35753146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological cancer globally and the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries. Patients are typically diagnosed when the disease is still restricted to the uterus. 5-year overall survival ranges from 70 % to 90 % in patients without metastatic disease; however, the metastatic form of the disease affects 16 % of EC patients, with a 5-year survival rate of 16.8 %. The immune system can detect abnormal cells as non-self in the early stages of carcinogenesis, producing the appropriate pro-inflammatory environment to eliminate cancer cells. In a second phase, cancer cells use various immune-editing systems to alter the profile of the immune response from pro to anti-inflammatory, resulting in immune escape. The directors of this immune switching mechanism are cytokines. Studies have reported the increased expression of several pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EC tissues and cell lines, including Interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-8, IL-31, IL-33, IL-10, TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-1Ra. Immune cells producing these cytokines have also been reported to be present in EC tissues. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to show the possible mechanisms of the mentioned cytokines on EC progression, as well as the most current and prospective advancements in cytokine-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shohre Vosoogh
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan university of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Azadehrah
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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3
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Yuan K, Zeng R, Deng P, Zhang A, Liu H, Wang N, Tang Y, Yin Z, Liu H. Identification and Verification of Immune-Related Genes Prognostic Signature Based on ssGSEA for Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC). Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1471-1483. [PMID: 35210821 PMCID: PMC8857983 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s345123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an endocrine malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The study aimed to construct ACC immune-related gene prognostic signature and verify the efficacy of prognostic signature. Methods ACC RNA-seq data and clinical information are downloaded from TCGA databases and GEO databases. We used single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to assess immune cell infiltration in ACC patients and ACC patients were divided into high- and low-immune cell infiltration clusters. The validity of ssGSEA grouping was verified using the ESTIMATE algorithm. A total of 275 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) were obtained from the intersection of IRGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in high and low immune cell infiltration clusters. LASSO analysis was used to identify 13 IRGs that regulate the prognosis of ACC patients through immune infiltration. Kaplan–Meier analysis, ROC curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression further confirmed that these 13 immune-related gene signatures were innovative and significant prognostic factors, which were independent of clinical features. Finally, ACC prognostic nomogram was constructed, ROC curve and calibration curve were drawn to evaluate the accuracy of the prognostic nomogram. Results LASSO regression analysis was used to screen out ACC survival-related genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models were used to analyze and construct the ACC prognosis nomogram. The AUC for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rate of ACC patients was 0.799, 0.966 and 0.969, suggesting good prediction accuracy. The calibration curve shows that the predicted results of the prognostic nomogram are in good agreement with the actual situation. Conclusion ssGSEA technique plays an important role in the construction of ACC prognostic model. Based on IRGs associated with survival independently predicted ACC prognosis, we identified thirteen immune-related genes as prognostic signature for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengteng Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiqian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hang Liu, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-185-8030-9681, Email
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4
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Metcalfe RD, Putoczki TL, Griffin MDW. Structural Understanding of Interleukin 6 Family Cytokine Signaling and Targeted Therapies: Focus on Interleukin 11. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1424. [PMID: 32765502 PMCID: PMC7378365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are small signaling proteins that have central roles in inflammation and cell survival. In the half-century since the discovery of the first cytokines, the interferons, over fifty cytokines have been identified. Amongst these is interleukin (IL)-6, the first and prototypical member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, nearly all of which utilize the common signaling receptor, gp130. In the last decade, there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the structural mechanisms of IL-6 family signaling, particularly for IL-6 itself. However, our understanding of the detailed structural mechanisms underlying signaling by most IL-6 family members remains limited. With the emergence of new roles for IL-6 family cytokines in disease and, in particular, roles of IL-11 in cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and cancer, there is an emerging need to develop therapeutics that can progress to clinical use. Here we outline our current knowledge of the structural mechanism of signaling by the IL-6 family of cytokines. We discuss how this knowledge allows us to understand the mechanism of action of currently available inhibitors targeting IL-6 family cytokine signaling, and most importantly how it allows for improved opportunities to pharmacologically disrupt cytokine signaling. We focus specifically on the need to develop and understand inhibitors that disrupt IL-11 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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5
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Azkargorta M, Bregón-Villahoz M, Escobes I, Ibáñez-Pérez J, Iloro I, Iglesias M, Diez-Zapirain M, Rabanal A, Prieto B, Moragues MD, Matorras R, Elortza F. In-depth proteomics and natural peptidomics analyses reveal antibacterial peptides in human endometrial fluid. J Proteomics 2020; 216:103652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Agulló-Ortuño MT, Gómez-Martín Ó, Ponce S, Iglesias L, Ojeda L, Ferrer I, García-Ruiz I, Paz-Ares L, Pardo-Marqués V. Blood Predictive Biomarkers for Patients With Non–small-cell Lung Cancer Associated With Clinical Response to Nivolumab. Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 21:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Song T, Zhou S, Kong X. YAP promotes the malignancy of endometrial cancer cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-11. Mol Med 2019; 25:32. [PMID: 31299894 PMCID: PMC6624931 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence shows that Hippo signal pathways can regulate the progression of various cancer. While the roles of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key transducer of Hippo signals, in the development of endometrial cancer (EC) are rarely investigated. METHODS The expression of YAP in endometrial cancer cells and tissues was measured. Its roles in proliferation and expression of interleukins (ILs) were investigated by use of its specific siRNA or inhibitor (verteporfin, VP). RESULTS YAP was upregulated in endometrial cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of YAP or VP can suppress the proliferation while increase its chemo-sensitivity of EC cells. We found that targeted inhibition of YAP can decrease the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-11 in EC cells. Recombinant IL-6 or IL-11 can attenuate si-YAP suppressed proliferation of EC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay suggested that YAP can directly bind with the promoter of IL-6 and induce its transcription. As to IL-11, inhibitor of NF-κB (BAY 11-7082) can significantly down regulate the mRNA expression of IL-11. Over expression of p65 abolished si-YAP suppressed transcription of IL-11. It suggested that NF-κB was involved in the YAP regulated expression of IL-11. CONCLUSIONS YAP can regulate the proliferation and progression of EC cells. It suggested that targeted inhibition of YAP might be a potent potential approach for EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiefang Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Suiyang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
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8
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Yang SM, Li SY, Hao-bin Y, Lin-yan X, Sheng X. IL-11 activated by lnc-ATB promotes cell proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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9
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Menkhorst E, Griffiths M, Van Sinderen M, Rainczuk K, Niven K, Dimitriadis E. Galectin-7 is elevated in endometrioid (type I) endometrial cancer and promotes cell migration. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4721-4728. [PMID: 30250540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancy in Australian women. Notably, its incidence and mortality rate is increasing. Despite this, there are limited treatment options for EC. Galectin-7 regulates tumorigenesis in numerous epithelial cancer types, but the role of galectin-7 has not been investigated in EC. It was hypothesized that galectin-7 expression would be altered in EC and contribute to the development of EC. Galectin-7 levels in EC and benign endometrium were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA. The effect of recombinant galectin-7 (1 µg/ml) on cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis (xCELLigence and flow cytometry), migration (wound healing assay) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) was investigated using three human EC cell lines (Ishikawa, HEC1A and AN3CA). Galectin-7 gene and protein expression was significantly elevated in Grade 3 EC, compared with benign tissues. Galectin-7 was almost undetectable in Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, but highly expressed by HEC1A cells. Recombinant galectin-7 had no significant effect on cell proliferation or apoptosis in any cell line, but significantly reduced cell adhesion in Ishikawa (at 4 and 6 h) and AN3CA (at 2, 3, 4 and 6 h). Galectin-7 significantly promoted Ishikawa migration and significantly elevated collagen type IV α 1 chain and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) gene expression during wound healing. The present study demonstrated that galectin-7 production increased in EC with increasing cancer grade; therefore, galectin-7 may promote the metastasis of EC by reducing cell-cell adhesion and enhancing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Meaghan Griffiths
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Keith Niven
- FlowCore, Technology Research Platforms, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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10
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Winship A, Menkhorst E, Van Sinderen M, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin 11: similar or opposite roles in female reproduction and reproductive cancer? Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:395-405. [PMID: 25151993 DOI: 10.1071/rd14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During placental development and carcinogenesis, cell invasion and migration are critical events in establishing a self-supporting vascular supply. Interleukin (IL)-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that affects the invasive and migratory capabilities of trophoblast cells that form the placenta during pregnancy, as well as various malignant cell types. The endometrium is the site of embryo implantation during pregnancy; conversely, endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Here, we review what is known about the role of IL-11 in trophoblast function and in gynaecological malignancies, focusing primarily on the context of the uterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
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11
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Winship A, Van Sinderen M, Rainczuk K, Dimitriadis E. Therapeutically blocking Interleukin-11 Receptor-α enhances doxorubicin cytotoxicity in high grade type I endometrioid tumours. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22716-22729. [PMID: 28186993 PMCID: PMC5410257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade type I endometrial cancers have poor prognosis. Interleukin (IL)11 is elevated in tumours and uterine lavage with increasing tumour grade in women. IL11 regulates cell cycle, invasion and migration and we recently demonstrated that IL11 receptor (R)α inhibition impaired low and moderate grade endometrial tumourigenesis in vivo. In this report, we hypothesized that micro-RNA(miR)-1 regulates IL11 and that IL11 promotes high grade endometrial tumour growth. We aimed to determine whether combination treatment using an anti-human IL11Rα blocking antibody (Ab) and doxorubicin chemotherapeutic impairs high grade tumour growth. MiR-1 was absent in human endometrial tumours versus human benign endometrium (n = 10/group). Transfection with miR-1 mimic restored miR-1 expression, down-regulated IL11 mRNA and impaired cell viability in grade 3-derived AN3CA human endometrial epithelial cancer cells. AN3CA cell proliferation was reduced in response to Ab and doxorubicin combination treatment versus Ab, IgG control, or doxorubicin alone. Subcutaneous xenograft tumours were established in female Balb/c athymic nude mice using AN3CA cells expressing IL11 and IL11Rα. Administration of recombinant human IL11 to mice (n = 4/group) activated IL11 downstream target, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) and significantly increased tumour growth (p < 0.05), suggesting that IL11 promotes high grade tumour growth. IL11Rα blocking Ab reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and combination treatment with doxorubicin resulted in a significant reduction in tumour growth (p < 0.05) compared to Ab, doxorubicin, or IgG control. Our data suggest that therapeutically targeting IL11Rα in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy could inhibit high grade type I endometrioid cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
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12
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Winship A, Van Sinderen M, Heffernan-Marks A, Dimitriadis E. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan protein is stimulated by interleukin 11 and promotes endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:798-804. [PMID: 28098860 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer. We identified interleukin 11 (IL11) as a critical mediator of endometrial tumourigenesis and demonstrated that IL11 regulates chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4) in human placental trophoblasts. CSPG4 is a cell membrane protein overexpressed in numerous human cancers, although its role in endometrial cancer has not been investigated. We examined CSPG4 expression and localization in primary human type I endometrioid grade (G) 1-3 tumours by qPCR and immunohistochemistry and determined whether IL11 stimulated CSPG4. IL11 upregulated CSPG4 mRNA in HEC1A (G2-derived endometrial epithelial cancer cell line) cells. IL11 administration to BALB/c nude mice enhanced HEC1A xenograft tumour growth and increased CSPG4 protein in tumours. CSPG4 mRNA was unchanged between human G1-3 endometrial cancer and control tissues. CSPG4 protein levels were elevated in the epithelium of G2 and G3 endometrial cancer and in the tumour-associated stroma of G3 tumour tissues compared to proliferative phase or post-menopausal endometrium. CSPG4 knockdown by siRNA reduced HEC1A proliferation and migration in vitro and reduced gene expression of the key epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator SNAIL. Our data suggest that CSPG4 inhibition may impair endometrial cancer progression by reducing cancer cell proliferation, migration and potentially EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Ariella Heffernan-Marks
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
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13
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Pastor MD, Nogal A, Molina-Pinelo S, Quintanal-Villalonga Á, Meléndez R, Ferrer I, Romero-Romero B, De Miguel MJ, López-Campos JL, Corral J, García-Carboner R, Carnero A, Paz-Ares L. IL-11 and CCL-1: Novel Protein Diagnostic Biomarkers of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF). J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2183-2192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Winship AL, Rainczuk K, Ton A, Dimitriadis E. Fibulin-5 localisation in human endometrial cancer shifts from epithelial to stromal with increasing tumour grade, and silencing promotes endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:651-657. [PMID: 27347195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological malignancy. While endocrine, genetic and inflammatory factors are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis, its precise etiology and molecular regulators remain poorly understood. Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that inhibits cell growth and invasion in several cancer cell types and is downregulated in a number of types of human cancer. However, it is unknown whether fibulin-5 plays a role in endometrial tumourigenesis. In the current report, the expression and localisation of fibulin-5 in type I endometrioid human endometrial cancers of grades (G) 1-3 was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Fibulin-5 mRNA was found to be significantly reduced in whole tumour tissues from women across G1-3 compared with benign endometrium (P<0.0001). Consistently, fibulin-5 protein was also reduced in the tumour epithelial compartment across increasing tumour grades. By contrast, increased protein localisation to the tumour stroma was observed with increasing grade. Knockdown by small interfering RNA in Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cancer cells expressing fibulin-5 stimulated cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Fibulin-5 mRNA expression in Ishikawa cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β and fibulin-5 in turn activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), suggesting that it may act via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In summary, the present study identified fibulin-5 as a downregulated ECM gene in human endometrial cancer and observed a shift from epithelial to stromal protein localisation with increasing tumour grade in women. These data suggest that loss of fibulin-5 function may promote endometrial cancer progression by enhancing epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Louise Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amanda Ton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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15
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Abstract
IL-11 is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. While it was discovered over 20 years ago, we have very little understanding of the role of IL-11 during normal homeostasis and disease. Recently, IL-11 has gained interest for its newly recognized role in the pathogenesis of diseases that are attributed to deregulated mucosal homeostasis, including gastrointestinal cancers. IL-11 can increase the tumorigenic capacity of cells, including survival of the cell or origin, proliferation of cancerous cells and survival of metastatic cells at distant organs. Here we outline our current understanding of IL-11 biology and recent advances in our understanding of its role in cancer. We advocate that inhibition of IL-11 signaling may represent an emerging therapeutic opportunity for numerous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia
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16
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Targeting Interleukin-11 Receptor-α Impairs Human Endometrial Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion In Vitro and Reduces Tumor Growth and Metastasis In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:720-30. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Winship AL, Rainczuk K, Dimitriadis E. Flotillin-1 protein is upregulated in human endometrial cancer and localization shifts from epithelial to stromal with increasing tumor grade. Cancer Invest 2015; 34:26-31. [PMID: 26682635 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1084313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecological malignancy. Flotillin-1 is an integral membrane protein and estrogen responsive gene. Flotillin-1 expression and localization in human endometrial cancers grades 1-3 was investigated using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Flotillin-1 mRNA levels were unchanged in endometrial cancer versus benign endometrium. Flotillin-1 protein was significantly reduced in the epithelial compartment with increasing tumor grade, although levels increased in the tumor stroma across grades. We have identified a novel factor in human endometrial cancer and observed a shift in epithelial to stromal localization with increasing tumor grade in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Louise Winship
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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18
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Taniguchi K, Karin M. IL-6 and related cytokines as the critical lynchpins between inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:54-74. [PMID: 24552665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in cancer development, including tumor initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Cytokines are now recognized as important mediators linking inflammation and cancer, and are therefore potential therapeutic and preventive targets as well as prognostic factors. The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-11, is highly up-regulated in many cancers and considered as one of the most important cytokine families during tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review discusses molecular mechanisms linking the IL-6 cytokine family to solid malignancies and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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19
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Zhang XH, Liang X, Wang TS, Liang XH, Zuo RJ, Deng WB, Zhang ZR, Qin FN, Zhao ZA, Yang ZM. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) induction on Snail expression during mouse decidualization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:272-9. [PMID: 23994020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation requires a precise synchronism between the receptive uterus and activated blastocyst and is regulated by complicated molecular networks. Although many implantation-related genes have been identified, the crosstalk among them is still unknown. Snail, a transcription repressor, plays a central role during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our previous study showed that Snail is highly expressed at implantation site in mouse uterus. This study was to examine how Snail is related with other implantation-related genes in mice. Uterine stromal cells were isolated from mouse uteri on day 4 of pregnancy and treated with HB-EGF. Snail was induced significantly by HB-EGF. By using specific inhibitors and siRNA, we demonstrated that HB-EGF induction on Snail expression is dependent on the EGFR-ERK-Stat3 pathway. Cox-2 was regulated by Snail. The current findings demonstrate that Snail can relate with HB-EGF, Stat3 and Cox-2 and may play a role during mouse embryo implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Wu D, Tao J, Ding J, Qu P, Lu Q, Zhang W. Interleukin-11, an interleukin-6-like cytokine, is a promising predictor for bladder cancer prognosis. Mol Med Rep 2012. [PMID: 23179440 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that interleukin 11 (IL-11) has roles in human gastric, prostate and bone cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we evaluated the expression of IL-11 in bladder cancer and the correlation of IL-11 levels and clinico-pathological features. The expression of IL-11 in primary human bladder cell culture, human bladder cancer cell lines, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and non-cancerous bladder tissues (NATs) were analyzed by western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary IL-11 was performed to compare the IL-11 levels in healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with bladder cancer. Our study suggested that the expression of IL-11 in human bladder cancer cell lines and TCC was downregulated compared with primary human bladder cell culture and matched NATs. We also demonstrated reduced urinary levels of IL-11 in subjects with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we revealed that the levels of IL-11 were associated with tumor grade and stage. The results suggested that reduced levels of IL-11 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of TCC. They also indicated that IL-11 may be a promising predictor for prognosis of TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
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21
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Lay V, Yap J, Sonderegger S, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin 11 regulates endometrial cancer cell adhesion and migration via STAT3. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:759-64. [PMID: 22614117 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. There is however a lack of curative therapies, especially for patients diagnosed with late stage, recurrent or aggressive disease, who have a poor prognosis. Interleukin (IL) 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a role in a number of cancers including colon and breast cancer. IL11 was recently found to be upregulated in endometrial cancers, however the function of IL11 in endometrial cancer is not known. This study aimed to determine the effects of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Three endometrial cancer cell lines, Ishikawa, HEC-1A and AN3CA (derived from endometrial cancers grade I, II and III, respectively), were used to determine the effect of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell function. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by BrdU and Wst-1 assays. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen I and IV, vitronectin and laminin was assessed. Modified boyden chambers were utilized to access IL11 action on migration and invasion, respectively. The specific effect of IL11 action on these processes was determined using a unique IL11 inhibitor. IL11 phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 protein abundance in all 3 cell lines but had no effect on pERK and pAKT abundance. Similarly, IL11 had no effect on cell proliferation and viability but increased adhesion of ANC3A cells to fibronectin while having no effect on the other extracellular matrix proteins. IL11 did not alter the adhesive properties of the Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. In the AN3CA cells, IL11 treatment resulted in a 50% increase in migration and co-treatment with the specific IL11 inhibitor or a STAT3 inhibitor abolished the effect. This study shows a role for IL11 in endometrial cancer and suggests IL11 may be involved in endometrial cancer development and thus may be useful as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lay
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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22
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Tu CJ, Liu WG, Dong XQ, Liu JS, Song DG, Yu WH, Zhang ZY, Zhen G, Luo HM. Association of Interleukin-11 with Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1265-74. [PMID: 21986128 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated interleukin (IL)-11 as an independent prognostic marker of mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Plasma IL-11 levels in patients with ICH were significantly higher than in healthy controls. Multivariate analysis indicated that plasma IL-11 level was an independent predictor for mortality within 1 week of ICH onset and was positively associated with haematoma volume. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that a baseline plasma IL-11 level > 20.9 pg/ml predicted mortality within 1 week of ICH onset with 81.2% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity. The area under the curve for IL-11 level was significantly smaller than that for the Glasgow Coma Scale score, but similar to that for haematoma volume. IL-11 did not, however, significantly improve the predictive value of the Glasgow Coma Scale or haematoma volume. Thus, IL-11 may be considered as a new independent prognostic marker of mortality and an additional valuable tool for risk stratification and decision-making in the acute phase of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - WG Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XQ Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - JS Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - DG Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - WH Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - ZY Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - HM Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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