Casella G, Tontini GE, Bassotti G, Pastorelli L, Villanacci V, Spina L, Baldini V, Vecchi M. Neurological disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases.
World J Gastroenterol 2014;
20:8764-8782. [PMID:
25083051 PMCID:
PMC4112885 DOI:
10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.8764]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal manifestations occur in about one-third of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms by many years. Neurologic disorders associated with IBD are not frequent, being reported in 3% of patients, but they often represent an important cause of morbidity and a relevant diagnostic issue. In addition, the increasing use of immunosuppressant and biological therapies for IBD may also play a pivotal role in the development of neurological disorders of different type and pathogenesis. Hence, we provide a complete and profound review of the main features of neurological complications associated with IBD, with particular reference to those related to drugs and with a specific focus on their clinical presentation and possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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