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Fernandes TDO, Rodrigues AM, Punaro GR, Lima DYD, Higa EMS. P2X7 receptor-nitric oxide interaction mediates apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 44:147-154. [PMID: 34694316 PMCID: PMC9269184 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We showed that P2X7, a purinergic receptor, was highly expressed in DM; however, when oxidative stress was controlled, renal NO recovered, and the activation of this receptor remained significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NO on the P2X7 and apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) cultured in high glucose (HG) medium. METHODS MiMCs were cultured with DMEM and exposed to normal glucose (NG), mannitol (MA), or HG. Cell viability was assessed by an automated counter. Supernatants were collected for NO quantification, and proteins were extracted for analysis of NO synthases (iNOS and eNOS), caspase-3, and P2X7. RESULTS Cell viability remained above 90% in all groups. There was a significant increase in the proliferation of cells in HG compared to MA and NG. NO, iNOS, caspase-3, and P2X7 were significantly increased in HG compared to NG and MA, with no changes in eNOS. We observed that there was a strong and significant correlation between P2X7 and NO. DISCUSSION The main finding was that the production of NO by iNOS was positively correlated with the increase of P2X7 in MCs under HG conditions, showing that there is a common stimulus between them and that NO interacts with the P2X7 pathway, contributing to apoptosis in experimental DM. These findings could be relevant to studies of therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycemia-induced kidney damage to delay DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires de Oliveira Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adelson Marçal Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depardamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovana Rita Punaro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Deyse Yorgos de Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elisa Mieko Suemitsu Higa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Nefrologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Depardamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Óxido Nítrico e Estresse Oxidativo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Emergência, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Circulating fibronectin contributes to mesangial expansion in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1374-1385. [PMID: 28159318 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin is ubiquitously expressed in the extracellular matrix, and its accumulation in the glomerular mesangium in diabetic nephropathy is associated with deterioration of renal function in these patients. However, the exact role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. To clarify this, we administered fluorescent-labeled plasma fibronectin to wild-type mice and found it to accumulate in the mesangium. Using liver-specific conditional-knockout mice to decrease circulating fibronectin, we reduced circulating fibronectin by more than 90%. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes of these knockout mice, the pronounced fall in circulating fibronectin resulted in a decrease in mesangial expansion by 25% and a decline in albuminuria by 30% compared to diabetic control mice. Indeed, the amount of fibronectin in the kidney was reduced, as was the total amount of collagen. In vitro experiments confirmed that matrix accumulation of fibronectin was enhanced by increasing fibronectin only, glucose only, or the combination of both. Thus, circulating fibronectin contributes to mesangial expansion and exacerbation of albuminuria in a murine model of type 1 diabetes.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a systemic disorder that affects many organs and insulin-regulated pathways. The disorder is characterized by a reduced action of insulin despite increased insulin concentrations (hyperinsulinaemia). The effects of insulin on the kidney and vasculature differ in part from the effects on classical insulin target organs. Insulin causes vasodilation by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide production through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. In insulin-resistant states, this pathway is impaired and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway stimulates vasoconstriction. The action of insulin on perivascular fat tissue and the subsequent effects on the vascular wall are not fully understood, but the hepatokine fetuin-A, which is released by fatty liver, might promote the proinflammatory effects of perivascular fat. The strong association of salt-sensitive arterial hypertension with insulin resistance indicates an involvement of the kidney in the insulin resistance syndrome. The insulin receptor is expressed on renal tubular cells and podocytes and insulin signalling has important roles in podocyte viability and tubular function. Renal sodium transport is preserved in insulin resistance and contributes to the salt-sensitivity of blood pressure in hyperinsulinaemia. Therapeutically, renal and vascular insulin resistance can be improved by an integrated holistic approach aimed at restoring overall insulin sensitivity and improving insulin signalling.
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Eisa E. Cellular fibronectin response to supervised moderate aerobic training in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1092-9. [PMID: 27190433 PMCID: PMC4868193 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Physical activity is one of the most pivotal targets for the prevention and
management of vascular complications, especially endothelial dysfunctions. Cellular
fibronectin is an endothelium-derived protein involved in subendothelial matrix assembly.
Its plasma levels reflect matrix alterations and vessel wall destruction in patients with
type II diabetes. This study investigated the influence of 12 weeks of supervised aerobic
training on cellular fibronectin and its relationship with insulin resistance and body
weight in type II diabetic subjects. [Subjects and Methods] This study included 50 men
with type II diabetes who had a mean age of 48.8 ± 14.6 years and were randomly divided
into two groups: an aerobic exercise group (12 weeks, three 50 minutes sessions per week)
and control group. To examine changes in cellular fibronectin, glycosylated hemoglobin,
insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile, 5 ml of blood
was taken from the brachial vein of patients before and 48 hours after completion of the
exercise period and after 12 hours of fasting at rest. Data analysis was performed using
the SPSS-16 software with the independent and paired t-tests. [Results] A significant
decrease was observed in body mass index and body fat percentage in the experimental
group. Compared with the control group, the aerobic exercise group showed a significant
decrease in cellular fibronectin, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, fasting
insulin, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. The
change in cellular fibronectin showed positive significant correlation with body mass
index, diabetic biomarkers, and physical activity level. [Conclusion] The results showed
that supervised aerobic exercise as a stimulus can change the levels of cellular
fibronectin as matrix metalloproteinase protein a long with improvement of insulin
sensitivity and glycosylated hemoglobin in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases in men
with diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Einas Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
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Mainali D, Syed A, Arora N, Smith EA. Role of insulin receptor and insulin signaling on αPS2CβPS integrins' lateral diffusion. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:603-11. [PMID: 25331198 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are ubiquitous transmembrane receptors with adhesion and signaling properties. The influence of insulin receptor and insulin signaling on αPS2CβPS integrins' lateral diffusion was studied using single particle tracking in S2 cells before and after reducing the insulin receptor expression or insulin stimulation. Insulin signaling was monitored by Western blotting for phospho-Akt expression. The expression of the insulin receptor was reduced using RNA interference (RNAi). After insulin receptor RNAi, four significant changes were measured in integrin diffusion properties: (1) there was a 24% increase in the mobile integrin population, (2) 14% of the increase was represented by integrins with Brownian diffusion, (3) for integrins that reside in confined zones of diffusion, there was a 45% increase in the diameter of the confined zone, and (4) there was a 29% increase in the duration integrins spend in confined zones of diffusion. In contrast to reduced expression of the insulin receptor, which alters integrin diffusion properties, insulin stimulation alone or insulin stimulation under conditions of reduced insulin receptor expression have minimal effects on altering the measured integrin diffusion properties. The differences in integrin diffusion measured after insulin receptor RNAi in the presence or absence of insulin stimulation may be the result of other insulin signaling pathways that are activated at reduced insulin receptor conditions. No change in the average integrin diffusion coefficient was measured for any conditions included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Mainali
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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