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Jha SK, Imran M, Jha LA, Hasan N, Panthi VK, Paudel KR, Almalki WH, Mohammed Y, Kesharwani P. A Comprehensive review on Pharmacokinetic Studies of Vaccines: Impact of delivery route, carrier-and its modulation on immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116823. [PMID: 37543130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of vaccines makes former biopharmaceutical optimization difficult. This was shown during the COVID-19 immunization campaign, where gradual booster doses were introduced.. Thus, understanding vaccine ADME and its effects on immunization effectiveness could result in a more logical vaccine design in terms of formulation, method of administration, and dosing regimens. Herein, we will cover the information available on vaccine pharmacokinetics, impacts of delivery routes and carriers on ADME, utilization and efficiency of nanoparticulate delivery vehicles, impact of dose level and dosing schedule on the therapeutic efficacy of vaccines, intracellular and endosomal trafficking and in vivo fate, perspective on DNA and mRNA vaccines, new generation sequencing and mathematical models to improve cancer vaccination and pharmacology, and the reported toxicological study of COVID-19 vaccines. Altogether, this review will enhance the reader's understanding of the pharmacokinetics of vaccines and methods that can be implied in delivery vehicle design to improve the absorption and distribution of immunizing agents and estimate the appropriate dose to achieve better immunogenic responses and prevent toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Laxmi Akhileshwar Jha
- H. K. College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Pratiksha Nagar, Jogeshwari, West Mumbai, 400102, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Panthi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Bartheldyová E, Effenberg R, Mašek J, Procházka L, Knötigová PT, Kulich P, Hubatka F, Velínská K, Zelníčková J, Zouharová D, Fojtíková M, Hrebík D, Plevka P, Mikulík R, Miller AD, Macaulay S, Zyka D, Drož L, Raška M, Ledvina M, Turánek J. Hyaluronic Acid Surface Modified Liposomes Prepared via Orthogonal Aminoxy Coupling: Synthesis of Nontoxic Aminoxylipids Based on Symmetrically α-Branched Fatty Acids, Preparation of Liposomes by Microfluidic Mixing, and Targeting to Cancer Cells Expressing CD44. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2343-2356. [PMID: 29898364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic aminoxy lipids are designed and synthesized as building blocks for the formulation of functionalized nanoliposomes by microfluidization using a NanoAssemblr. Orthogonal binding of hyaluronic acid onto the outer surface of functionalized nanoliposomes via aminoxy coupling ( N-oxy ligation) is achieved at hemiacetal function of hyaluronic acid and the structure of hyaluronic acid-liposomes is visualized by transmission electron microscopy and cryotransmission electron microscopy. Observed structures are in a good correlation with data obtained by dynamic light scattering (size and ζ-potential). In vitro experiments on cell lines expressing CD44 receptors demonstrate selective internalization of fluorochrome-labeled hyaluronic acid-liposomes, while cells with down regulated CD44 receptor levels exhibit very low internalization of hyaluronic acid-liposomes. A method based on microfluidization mixing was developed for preparation of monodispersive unilamellar liposomes containing aminoxy lipids and orthogonal binding of hyaluronic acid onto the liposomal surface was demonstrated. These hyaluronic acid-liposomes represent a potentially new drug delivery platform for CD44-targeted anticancer drugs as well as for immunotherapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Bartheldyová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Effenberg
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Procházka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Turánek Knötigová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - František Hubatka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Velínská
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Zelníčková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Darina Zouharová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Fojtíková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Hrebík
- Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Structural Virology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5 , 62500 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Plevka
- Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Structural Virology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5 , 62500 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulík
- The International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne's University Hospital Brno , 656 91 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Stuart Macaulay
- Malvern Instruments , Great Malvern WR14 1XZ , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Zyka
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5 , Prague 9 , 190 00 , Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Drož
- APIGENEX s.r.o. , Poděbradská 173/5 , Prague 9 , 190 00 , Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raška
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University Olomouc , Hněvotínská 3 , 775 15 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy , Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i. , Hudcova 70 , 621 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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Tissue-specific Calibration of Real-time PCR Facilitates Absolute Quantification of Plasmid DNA in Biodistribution Studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e371. [PMID: 27701400 PMCID: PMC5095683 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the tissue distribution of plasmid DNA after administration of nonviral gene delivery systems is best accomplished using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), although published strategies do not allow determination of the absolute mass of plasmid delivered to different tissues. Generally, data is expressed as the mass of plasmid relative to the mass of genomic DNA (gDNA) in the sample. This strategy is adequate for comparisons of efficiency of delivery to a single site but it does not allow direct comparison of delivery to multiple tissues, as the mass of gDNA extracted per unit mass of each tissue is different. We show here that by constructing qPCR standard curves for each tissue it is possible to determine the dose of intact plasmid remaining in each tissue, which is a more useful parameter when comparing the fates of different formulations of DNA. We exemplify the use of this tissue-specific qPCR method by comparing the delivery of naked DNA, cationic DNA complexes, and neutral PEGylated DNA complexes after intramuscular injection. Generally, larger masses of intact plasmid were present 24 hours after injection of DNA complexes, and neutral complexes resulted in delivery of a larger mass of intact plasmid to the spleen.
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Knotigová PT, Zyka D, Mašek J, Kovalová A, Křupka M, Bartheldyová E, Kulich P, Koudelka Š, Lukáč R, Kauerová Z, Vacek A, Horynová MS, Kozubík A, Miller AD, Fekete L, Kratochvílová I, Ježek J, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. Molecular Adjuvants Based on Nonpyrogenic Lipophilic Derivatives of norAbuMDP/GMDP Formulated in Nanoliposomes: Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Pharm Res 2015; 32:1186-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vahedi F, Nazari N, Arbabi S, Peymanfar Y. Investigation of DNA integration into reproductive organs following intramuscular injection of DNA in mice. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 1:21-24. [PMID: 26989704 PMCID: PMC4757076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA immunization with plasmid DNA encoding bacterial, viral, parasitic, and tumor antigens has been reported to trigger protective immunity. The use of plasmid DNA vaccinations against many diseases has produced promising results in animal and human clinical trials; however, safety concerns about the use of DNA vaccines exist, such as the possibility of integration into the host genome, and elicitation of adverse immune responses. METHODS In this study, we examined the potential integration and bio-distribution of pcDNA3.1+PA, a new vaccine candidate with GenBank accession # EF550208, encoding the PA63 gene, in reproductive organs of mice; ovaries and uterus in female, and testis in male. Animals of both sexes were injected intramuscularly with pcDNA3.1+PA. Host genome integration and tissue distribution were examined using PCR and RT-PCR two times monthly for six months. RESULTS RT-PCR confirmed that pcDNA3.1+PA was not integrated into the host genome and did not enter reproductive organs. CONCLUSIONS This finding has important implications for the use of pcDNA3.1+PA plasmid as a vaccine and opens new perspectives in the DNA vaccine area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najmeh Nazari
- Biochemistry Department, Payam-e-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Arbabi
- Biochemistry Department, Payam-e-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
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Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Human Papillomavirus DNA Vaccine Delivered in Human Endogenous Retrovirus Envelope-Coated Baculovirus Vector. Pharm Res 2011; 29:585-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mašek J, Bartheldyová E, Turánek-Knotigová P, Skrabalová M, Korvasová Z, Plocková J, Koudelka S, Skodová P, Kulich P, Křupka M, Zachová K, Czerneková L, Horynová M, Kratochvílová I, Miller AD, Zýka D, Michálek J, Vrbková J, Sebela M, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. Metallochelating liposomes with associated lipophilised norAbuMDP as biocompatible platform for construction of vaccines with recombinant His-tagged antigens: preparation, structural study and immune response towards rHsp90. J Control Release 2011; 151:193-201. [PMID: 21256901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90-CA is present in cell wall of Candida pseudohyphae or hyphae-typical pathogenic morphotype for both systemic and mucosal Candida infections. Heat shock protein from Candida albicans (hsp90-CA) is an important target for protective antibodies during disseminated candidiasis of experimental mice and human. His-tagged protein rHsp90 was prepared and used as the antigen for preparation of experimental recombinant liposomal vaccine. Nickel-chelating liposomes (the size around 100nm, PDI≤0.1) were prepared from the mixture of egg phosphatidyl choline and nickel-chelating lipid DOGS-NTA-Ni (molar ratio 95:5%) by hydration of lipid film and extrusion methods. New non-pyrogenic hydrophobised derivative of MDP (C18-O-6-norAbuMDP) was incorporated into liposomes as adjuvans. rHsp90 was attached onto the surface of metallochelating liposomes by metallochelating bond and the structure of these proteoliposomes was studied by dynamic light scattering, AF microscopy, TEM and GPC. The liposomes with surface-exposed C18-O-6-norAbuMDP were well recognised and phagocyted by human dendritic cells in vitro. In vivo the immune response towards this experimental vaccine applied in mice (i.d.) demonstrated both TH1 and TH2 response comparable to FCA, but without any side effects. Metallochelating liposomes with lipophilic derivatives of muramyl dipeptide represent a new biocompatible platform for construction of experimental recombinant vaccines and drug-targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mašek
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic
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Characterization of T-cell responses in macaques immunized with a single dose of HIV DNA vaccine. J Virol 2009; 84:1243-53. [PMID: 19923181 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01846-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimization of immune responses (IR) induced by HIV DNA vaccines in humans is one of the great challenges in the development of an effective vaccine against AIDS. Ideally, this vaccine should be delivered in a single dose to immunize humans. We recently demonstrated that the immunization of mice with a single dose of a DNA vaccine derived from pathogenic SHIV(KU2) (Delta4SHIV(KU2)) induced long-lasting, potent, and polyfunctional HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses (G. Arrode, R. Hegde, A. Mani, Y. Jin, Y. Chebloune, and O. Narayan, J. Immunol. 178:2318-2327, 2007). In the present work, we expanded the characterization of the IR induced by this DNA immunization protocol to rhesus macaques. Animals immunized with a single high dose of Delta4SHIV(KU2) DNA vaccine were monitored longitudinally for vaccine-induced IR using multiparametric flow cytometry-based assays. Interestingly, all five immunized macaques developed broad and polyfunctional HIV-specific T-cell IR that persisted for months, with an unusual reemergence in the blood following an initial decline but in the absence of antibody responses. The majority of vaccine-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells lacked gamma interferon production but showed high antigen-specific proliferation capacities. Proliferative CD8(+) T cells expressed the lytic molecule granzyme B. No integrated viral vector could be detected in mononuclear cells from immunized animals, and this high dose of DNA did not induce any detectable autoimmune responses against DNA. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis demonstrated for the first time the capacity of a single high dose of HIV DNA vaccine alone to induce long-lasting and polyfunctional T-cell responses in the nonhuman primate model, bringing new insights for the design of future HIV vaccines.
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