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Wang E, Adams S, Stroncek DF, Marincola FM. Human Leukocyte Antigen and Human Neutrophil Antigen Systems. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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2
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"Sequencing-grade" screening for BRCA1 variants by oligo-arrays. J Transl Med 2008; 6:64. [PMID: 18973698 PMCID: PMC2583995 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for fast, efficient, and less costly means to screen genetic variants associated with disease predisposition led us to develop an oligo-nucleotide array-based process for gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. This cost-effective, high-throughput strategy has high sensitivity and the same degree of accuracy as direct sequencing, the current gold standard for genetic screening. We used the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer predisposing gene model for the validation of the accuracy and efficiency of our strategy. This process could detect point mutations, insertions or deletions of any length, of known and unknown variants even in heterozygous conditions without affecting sensitivity and specificity. The system could be applied to other disorders and can also be custom-designed to include a number of genes related to specific clinical conditions. This system is particularly useful for the screening of long genomic regions with relatively infrequent but clinically relevant variants, while drastically cutting time and costs in comparison to high-throughput sequencing.
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3
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Stroncek DF, Fadeyi E, Adams S. Leukocyte antigen and antibody detection assays: tools for assessing and preventing pulmonary transfusion reactions. Transfus Med Rev 2007; 21:273-86. [PMID: 17900489 PMCID: PMC2042036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to neutrophil and HLA antigens can cause pulmonary transfusion reactions, and in some cases acute lung injury. When evaluating cases of pulmonary transfusion reactions, it is often necessary to test donors for neutrophil and HLA antibodies and also type the recipient for neutrophil and HLA antigens. A variety of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry-based solid phase assays are available to test for HLA class I and class II antibodies, but not neutrophil antibodies. Screening for neutrophil antibodies requires the preparation of panels of fresh neutrophils and testing in agglutination, immunofluorescence, or flow cytometry assays. Genotyping of HLA class I and II antigens is performed with a variety of sequence-specific primers, sequenced-specific oligonucleotide probe, and sequence-based typing assays. Neutrophil-specific antigens HNA-1a, -1b, -1c, -4a, and -5a can be genotyped, but not HNA-2a or -3a. Phenotyping of HNA-2a can be performed with CD177 monoclonal antibodies, but the gene encoding HNA-3a has not been identified, and the genomic basis for the HNA-2a-negative phenotype is not known. In conclusion, patients and donors involved with pulmonary transfusion reactions can be quickly typed for HLA antigens and tested for HLA antibodies, but testing for neutrophil antibodies and antigens requires the use of a reference laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Panelli MC, Wang E, Monsurrò V, Jin P, Zavaglia K, Smith K, Ngalame Y, Marincola FM. Overview of melanoma vaccines and promising approaches. Curr Oncol Rep 2007; 6:414-20. [PMID: 15291987 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-004-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to envision anything better than melanoma vaccines to exemplify the effectiveness of modern biotechnology in developing biologically rational therapeutics. Melanoma vaccines can reproducibly induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses better than any other anticancer therapy. Anticancer vaccines have been labeled by some as ineffective for the simple reason that they only rarely lead to cancer regression. This oxymoron stems from the naïve expectation that CTLs are all that is needed to reject cancer. Little is known about requirements for CTL localization and effector function within the tumor microenvironment. In the future, more attention should be given to events downstream of immunization (afferent arm of immune response) to identify combination therapies likely to facilitate localization and activation of CTL at the receiving end (efferent arm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Panelli
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, R-1C711, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Genetic variation and SNP analysis starts with generation of sequence-specific signal, followed by the collection of that signal. The final step is extensive data analysis, which starts with conversion of quantifiable raw data and ends up with identified SNPs, frequencies, and sometimes tissue-specific expression patterns (levels). In this chapter we describe and compare the mechanisms of signal generation of several representative SNP analysis platforms. DNA microarray no doubt has its advantage in applications involving the classification and identification of tumor classes, gene discovery, drug dependent transcription mechanisms, as well as prediction of drug response. PCR, xMAP, invader assay, mass spectrometry, and pyrosequencing, on the other hand, are alternative methods of genotyping employed following the large scale screening and discovery of genetic variations. In addition, they offer higher specificity and sensitivity in analysis of both genomic DNA, as well as RNA. By exploiting these technologies, correlative study of the effects of putative genetic variations on cells, tissue-specific and developmentally specific expression is possible. Of extreme value are the many forms of Mass Spectrometry in the areas of sensitive, early cancer diagnosis. Finally, microarray and xMAP are suitable for protein analysis. While protein array offers higher throughput, xMAP is more amendable to the native 3D structure of protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Pel-Freez Biologicals, Rogers, Arkansas 72756, USA.
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Monsurrò V, Marincola FM. Gene profiling for the prediction of tumor response to treatment: the case of immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 593:86-94. [PMID: 17265719 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-39978-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladia Monsurrò
- Department of Tranfusion Medicine, Immunogenetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Panelli MC, Wang E, Monsurrò V, Jin P, Zavaglia K, Smith K, Ngalame Y, Marincola FM. Vaccination with T cell-defined antigens. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 4:697-707. [PMID: 15155161 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.4.5.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tumour immunology encompasses a broad array of biological phenomena including interactions between neoplastic cells and the innate and adaptive immune response. Among immune cells, T cells have taken the centre stage because they can be easily demonstrated to specifically recognise autologous cancer cells. As most tumour-associated antigens are intracellular proteins, T cells appear to be the most suitable tool for cancer-specific attack, as antibodies do not cross the cell membrane and the innate immune response lacks the same level of specificity. Finally, the relative ease in which T cells can be educated through antigen-specific immunisation to recognise cancer cells has elevated them to an even higher stature. In this review, it will be argued that T cells represent a unique anticancer agent, characterised by absolute specificity. Although other therapeutic modalities (antibody-based) have been effectively implemented, a comparison of T cell-based approaches with other modalities goes beyond the purposes of this review and will not be included in the discussion. However, it is obvious that the role of the T cell is limited and other components of the immune response (effector mononuclear phagocytes, natural killer cells, cytokines, chemokines, soluble factors), genetic background and tumour heterogeneity are likely to be necessary for the completion of cancer rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Panelli
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Yan C, Wang R, Li J, Deng Y, Wu D, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang C, Sun H, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang H, Li S. HLA-A gene polymorphism defined by high-resolution sequence-based typing in 161 Northern Chinese Han people. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2005; 1:304-9. [PMID: 15629059 PMCID: PMC5172246 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(03)01036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the most polymorphic region known in the human genome. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the HLA-A gene polymorphisms defined by the high-resolution typing methods-sequence-based typing (SBT) in 161 Northern Chinese Han people. A total of 74 different HLA-A gene types and 36 alleles were detected. The most frequent alleles were A*110101 (GF=0.2360), A*24020101 (GF=0.1646), and A*020101 (GF=0.1553); followed by A*3303 (GF=0.1180), A*3001 (GF=0.0590), and A*310102 (GF=0.0404). The frequencies of following alleles, A*0203, A*0205, A*0206, A*0207, A*030101, A*2423, A*2601, A*3201, and A*3301, are all higher than 0.0093. The homozygous alleles include A*020101, A*110101, A*24020101 and A*310102. Heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), discrimination power (DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-A in the samples were calculated and their values were 0.8705, 0.8491, 0.6014, and 0.9475, respectively. These results by SBT analysis of HLA-A polymorphism in Northern Chinese Han population, especially the allele subtypes character, will be of great interest for clinical transplantation, disease-associated study and forensic identification. Implementation of high-resolution typing methods allows a significantly wider spectrum of HLA variation including rare alleles. This spectrum will further be extensively utilized in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Yan
- The State Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Forensic Department, Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
- BGI Life Tech. Co., Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jingxiang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- BGI Life Tech. Co., Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- The State Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Forensic Department, Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Dongying Wu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- The State Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Forensic Department, Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Technical Section of Xi’an People’s Procuratorate, Xi’an 710002, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- BGI Life Tech. Co., Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- The State Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Forensic Department, Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China
- Center of Forensic Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute, Beijing 101300, China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang E, Panelli MC, Marincola FM. Understanding the response to immunotherapy in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 27:105-17. [PMID: 15666150 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-004-0198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether the efforts of the last decade aimed at the development of vaccines against tumor-specific antigens encountered success or failure is a matter of expectations. On the bright side, we could optimistically observe that anti-cancer-vaccines stand as an outstanding example of the successful implementation of modern biotechnology tools for the development of biologically sound therapeutics. In particular, vaccines against melanoma (the prototype model of tumor immunology in humans) can reproducibly induce cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses exquisitely specific for cancer cells. This achievement trespasses the specificity of any other anti-cancer therapy. The skeptics, on the other end, might point out that immunization only rarely leads to cancer regression, labeling, therefore, this approach is ineffective. In our opinion this judgment stems from the naïve expectation that CTL induction is sufficient for an effective immune response. Here we propose that more needs to be understood about the mechanisms required for the induction of a therapeutically relevant immune response in humans. In particular, we will discuss the variables related to cancer heterogeneity, the weight of individual patients' polymorphism(s), the role of the T cell activation and differentiation and, finally, the complex relationship between immune and cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Wang
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1184, USA
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Hörig H, Pullman W. From bench to clinic and back: Perspective on the 1st IQPC Translational Research conference. J Transl Med 2004; 2:44. [PMID: 15610560 PMCID: PMC544857 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-2-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational Research (TR) provides a set of tools and communication context for scientists and clinicians to optimize the drug discovery and development process. In the proceedings of a Princeton conference on this timely topic, the strengths and needs of this developing field were debated. Outcomes and key points from these discussions are summarized in this article which covers the topics of defining what we mean by translational research (both theoretically and in operational terms), ways in which to engender the TR mindset and embed it in organizations such as the pharmaceutical industry in order to optimize the impact of available technologies (including imaging methods), the scientific basis and under-pinnings of TR including genomics knowledge, information sharing, as well as examples of application to drug discovery and development. Importantly, it should be noted that collaborations and communications between the stakeholders in this field, namely academia, industry and regulatory authorities, must be strengthened in order for the promise of TR to be delivered as better therapies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hörig
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Surgical Science NY 10032 USA
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11
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Marincola FM, Ferrone S. Immunotherapy of melanoma: the good news, the bad ones and what to do next. Semin Cancer Biol 2004; 13:387-9. [PMID: 15001156 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2003.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Wang E, Falus A. Changing paradigm through a genome-based approach to clinical and basic immunology. J Transl Med 2004; 2:2. [PMID: 14728728 PMCID: PMC331423 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ena Wang
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology; Sammelweis Medical University, 4 Nagyvarad ter; H-1089 Budapest Hungary
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Monsurrò V, Wang E, Panelli MC, Nagorsen D, Jin P, Katia Z, Smith K, Ngalame Y, Even J, Marincola FM. Active-specific immunization against melanoma: Is the problem at the receiving end? Semin Cancer Biol 2003; 13:473-80. [PMID: 15001166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress in tumor immunology is a striking example of the successful application of modern biotechnology to understand the complex phenomenon of immune-mediated cancer rejection. Tumor antigens were identified and successfully utilized in active immunization trials to induce tumor antigen-specific T cells. This achievement has left, however, clinicians and researchers perplexed by the paradoxical observation that immunization-induced T cells can recognize tumor cells in standard assays but cannot induce tumor regression. A closer look at T cell physiology and tumor biology suggests that this observation is not so surprising. Here, we argue that successful immunization is one of several steps required for tumor clearance while more needs to be understood about how T cells localize and are effective within a tumor microenvironment impervious to the execution of their effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladia Monsurrò
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, Bldg. 10, R-1C711 National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ramon D, Braden M, Adams S, Marincola FM, Wang L. Pyrosequencing trade mark : A one-step method for high resolution HLA typing. J Transl Med 2003; 1:9. [PMID: 14641938 PMCID: PMC317387 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the use of high-resolution molecular typing in routine matching of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is expected to improve unrelated donor selection and transplant outcome, the genetic complexity of HLA still makes the current methodology limited and laborious. Pyrosequencing™ is a gel-free, sequencing-by-synthesis method. In a Pyrosequencing reaction, nucleotide incorporation proceeds sequentially along each DNA template at a given nucleotide dispensation order (NDO) that is programmed into a pyrosequencer. Here we describe the design of a NDO that generates a pyrogram unique for any given allele or combination of alleles. We present examples of unique pyrograms generated from each of two heterozygous HLA templates, which would otherwise remain cis/trans ambiguous using standard sequencing based typing (SBT) method. In addition, we display representative data that demonstrate long read and linear signal generation. These features are prerequisite of high-resolution typing and automated data analysis. In conclusion Pyrosequencing is a one-step method for high resolution DNA typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramon
- Pel-Freez Clinical Systems, LLC. Brown Deer, WI. USA
| | - Megan Braden
- Pel-Freez Clinical Systems, LLC. Brown Deer, WI. USA
| | - Sharon Adams
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda MD. USA
| | | | - Lu Wang
- Pel-Freez Clinical Systems, LLC. Brown Deer, WI. USA
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Jin P, Wang E. Polymorphism in clinical immunology - From HLA typing to immunogenetic profiling. J Transl Med 2003; 1:8. [PMID: 14624696 PMCID: PMC280736 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology of humans, in contrast to that of inbred laboratory animals faces the challenge of diversity addressed in genetic terms as polymorphism. Thus, unsurprisingly, treatment modalities that successfully can be applied to carefully-selected pre-clinical models only sporadically succeed in the clinical arena. Indeed, pre-fabricated experimental models purposefully avoid the basic essence of human pathology: the uncontrollable complexity of disease heterogeneity and the intrinsic diversity of human beings. Far from pontificating on this obvious point, this review presents emerging evidence that the study of complex system such as the cytokine network is further complicated by inter-individual differences dictated by increasingly recognized polymorphisms. Polymorphism appears widespread among genes of the immune system possibly resulting from an evolutionary adaptation of the organism facing an ever evolving environment. We will refer to this high variability of immune-related genes as immune polymorphism. In this review we will briefly highlight the possible clinical relevance of immune polymorphism and suggest a change in the approach to the study of human pathology, from the targeted study of individual systems to a broader view of the organism as a whole through immunogenetic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- Immunogenetics Section – Department of Transfusion Medicine – Clinical Center – National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Immunogenetics Section – Department of Transfusion Medicine – Clinical Center – National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland USA
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