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Abbasifard M, Bagherzadeh K, Khorramdelazad H. The story of clobenpropit and CXCR4: can be an effective drug in cancer and autoimmune diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410104. [PMID: 39070795 PMCID: PMC11272485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Clobenpropit is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist and has developed as a potential therapeutic drug due to its ability to inhibit CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer pathogenesis. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis involves several biological phenomena, including cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Accordingly, inhibiting CXCR4 can have promising clinical outcomes in patients with malignancy or autoimmune disorders. Based on available knowledge, Clobenpropit can effectively regulate the release of monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), presenting a potential targeted target with possible advantages over current therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the intricate interplay between Clobenpropit and CXCR4 and the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions, comprehensively analyzing their impact on immune regulation. Furthermore, we discuss preclinical and clinical investigations highlighting the probable efficacy of Clobenpropit for managing autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through this study, we aim to clarify the immunomodulatory role of Clobenpropit and its advantages and disadvantages as a novel therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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2
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Giorgiutti S, Rottura J, Korganow AS, Gies V. CXCR4: from B-cell development to B cell-mediated diseases. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302465. [PMID: 38519141 PMCID: PMC10961644 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), one of the most studied chemokine receptors, is widely expressed in hematopoietic and immune cell populations. It is involved in leukocyte trafficking in lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites through its interaction with its natural ligand CXCL12. CXCR4 assumes a pivotal role in B-cell development, ranging from early progenitors to the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. This review emphasizes the significance of CXCR4 across the various stages of B-cell development, including central tolerance, and delves into the association between CXCR4 and B cell-mediated disorders, from immunodeficiencies such as WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The potential of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target is discussed, especially through the identification of novel molecules capable of modulating specific pockets of the CXCR4 molecule. These insights provide a basis for innovative therapeutic approaches in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Giorgiutti
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Rottura
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR - S1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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3
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Heming M, Müller-Miny L, Rolfes L, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Brix TJ, Varghese J, Pawlitzki M, Pavenstädt H, Kriegel MA, Gross CC, Wiendl H, Meyer zu Hörste G. Supporting the differential diagnosis of connective tissue diseases with neurological involvement by blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:46. [PMID: 36823602 PMCID: PMC9951507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological manifestations of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTD) are poorly understood and difficult to diagnose. We here aimed to address this shortcoming by studying immune cell compositions in CTD patients with and without neurological manifestation. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we retrospectively investigated paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples of 28 CTD patients without neurological manifestation, 38 CTD patients with neurological manifestation (N-CTD), 38 non-inflammatory controls, and 38 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, a paradigmatic primary neuroinflammatory disease. RESULTS We detected an expansion of plasma cells in the blood of both N-CTD and CTD compared to non-inflammatory controls and MS. Blood plasma cells alone distinguished the clinically similar entities N-CTD and MS with high discriminatory performance (AUC: 0.81). Classical blood monocytes indicated higher disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Surprisingly, immune cells in the CSF did not differ significantly between N-CTD and CTD, while CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were elevated in the blood of N-CTD compared to CTD. Several B cell-associated parameters partially overlapped in the CSF in MS and N-CTD. We built a machine learning model that distinguished N-CTD from MS with high discriminatory power using either blood or CSF. CONCLUSION We here find that blood flow cytometry alone surprisingly suffices to distinguish CTD with neurological manifestations from clinically similar entities, suggesting that a rapid blood test could support clinicians in the differential diagnosis of N-CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heming
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Louisa Müller-Miny
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leoni Rolfes
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J. Brix
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A. Kriegel
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C. Gross
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Kang N, Liu X, You X, Sun W, Haneef K, Sun X, Liu W. Aberrant B-Cell Activation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:437-445. [PMID: 36590680 PMCID: PMC9798842 DOI: 10.1159/000527213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background B lymphocytes (B cells) are essential in humoral response, and their activation is an important first step for the production of antibodies. However, aberrant B-cell activation is common in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is characterized by the generation of superfluous autoantibodies. SLE exhibits clinical manifestation such as excessive inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize the recent emerging studies on aberrant B-cell activation and the associated concurrent therapeutic targets in SLE. Summary Aberrant B-cell activation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. Among a variety of mechanisms, dysregulations of B-cell receptor (BCR), toll-like receptor (TLR), and B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) pathways are the common and dominating factors involved in aberrant B-cell activation. These aberrant signaling transductions play diverse and integrated roles in the development and the pathogenesis of SLE. Therapies targeting aberrant B-cell activation have shown promising efficacy in achieving the clinical alleviation of SLE, suggesting the discovery of new drug targets from these aberrant signaling pathways is imminent. Here, an integrated survey or review of published high-throughput sequencing database covering RNAs of B cells from SLE versus criteria-matched healthy controls highlights that reported signaling molecules in BCR pathway (VAV2, PLC-γ2), TLR pathway (TLR9, P105, IRF7, TAB1), and BAFF-R pathway (SDF-1α) are attitudinally upregulated in SLE patients. This review thus suggests the concurrent and future therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers in both basic and clinical studies of SLE. Key Messages This review focuses on core B-cell signaling pathways, discussing the progress in the role of aberrant B-cell activation during the pathogenesis of SLE. This review also highlights the signaling molecules from published studies and database for the possible prevention and treatment targets serving the future clinical treatments of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujie You
- Department of Rheumatology, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kabeer Haneef
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Rheumatism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China,*Xiaolin Sun,
| | - Wanli Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China,**Wanli Liu,
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Liu J, Yang X, Pan J, Wei Z, Liu P, Chen M, Liu H. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Unravels Distinct Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Signatures of RRMS and MOG Antibody-Associated Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 12:807646. [PMID: 35095746 PMCID: PMC8795627 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.807646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to the shared clinical manifestations, detection of disease-specific serum antibody of the two diseases is currently considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis; however, the serum antibody levels are unpredictable during different stages of the two diseases. Herein, peripheral blood single-cell transcriptome was used to unveil distinct immune cell signatures of the two diseases, with the aim to provide predictive discrimination. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on the peripheral blood from three subjects, i.e., one patient with RRMS, one patient with MOGAD, and one patient with healthy control. The results showed that the CD19+ CXCR4+ naive B cell subsets were significantly expanded in both RRMS and MOGAD, which was verified by flow cytometry. More importantly, RRMS single-cell transcriptomic was characterized by increased naive CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic memory-like Natural Killer (NK) cells, together with decreased inflammatory monocytes, whereas MOGAD exhibited increased inflammatory monocytes and cytotoxic CD8 effector T cells, coupled with decreased plasma cells and memory B cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that the two diseases exhibit distinct immune cell signatures, which allows for highly predictive discrimination of the two diseases and paves a novel avenue for diagnosis and therapy of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Liu
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Schall N, Daubeuf F, Marsol C, Gizzi P, Frossard N, Bonnet D, Galzi JL, Muller S. A Selective Neutraligand for CXCL12/SDF-1α With Beneficial Regulatory Functions in MRL/Lpr Lupus Prone Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752194. [PMID: 34744730 PMCID: PMC8566942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of CXCL12/SDF-1-CXCR4/CD184 signaling is associated with inflammatory diseases and notably with systemic lupus erythematosus. Issued from the lead molecule chalcone-4, the first neutraligand of the CXCL12 chemokine, LIT-927 was recently described as a potent analogue with improved solubility and stability. We aimed to investigate the capacity of LIT-927 to correct immune alterations in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and to explore the mechanism of action implemented by this small molecule in this model. We found that in contrast to AMD3100, an antagonist of CXCR4 and agonist of CXCR7, LIT-927 reduces the excessive number of several B/T lymphocyte subsets occurring in the blood of sick MRL/lpr mice (including CD3+/CD4-/CD8-/B220+ double negative T cells). In vitro, LIT-927 downregulated the overexpression of several activation markers on splenic MRL/lpr lymphocytes. It exerted effects on the CXCR4 pathway in MRL/lpr CD4+ T spleen cells. The results underline the importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in lupus pathophysiology. They indicate that neutralizing CXCL12 by the neutraligand LIT-927 can attenuate hyperactive lymphocytes in lupus. This mode of intervention might represent a novel strategy to control a common pathophysiological mechanism occurring in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schall
- CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - François Daubeuf
- CNRS UMR7200, Laboratoire d'innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMS3286, Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/ Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Marsol
- CNRS UMR7200, Laboratoire d'innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Gizzi
- CNRS UMS3286, Plate-forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/ Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- CNRS UMR7200, Laboratoire d'innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- CNRS UMR7200, Laboratoire d'innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Galzi
- CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS UMR7242, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Strasbourg, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
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Feng Y, Yang M, Wu H, Lu Q. The pathological role of B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: From basic research to clinical. Autoimmunity 2019; 53:56-64. [PMID: 31876195 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that often occurs in females of child-bearing age. It involves multiple systems and severely threatens human life. One of the typical characteristics of SLE is the formation of immune complexes with autoantibodies produced by B cells that target various autoantigens, thus indicating the pivotal role of B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. Increasing evidence has shown abnormal expression of B cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that B cells in SLE patients are abnormally activated, as well as aberrantly differentiated, and are involved in the inflammatory cytokine milieu, abnormal transcription factor activity, and signalling pathways. Several biological therapies targeting B cells, such as anti-CD20 antibodies, have been intensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the results have not met expectations. Therefore, new therapies targeting B cells are in great need. This review will summarize the latest progress in basic research on B cells to better understand the pathogenesis of SLE and will discuss the outcomes of B-cell-targeting treatments that provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies for SLE. Studies have clarified high levels of IL-21 in serum from SLE patients and animal models. IL-21 promotes B cell differentiation, which results in antibodies accumulation leads to SLE. Therefore, further studies on IL-21 will give new perspectives on SLE treatments. In addition, the application of drugs targeting plasma cell depletion in SLE patients may also achieve satisfied results in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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Koenen J, Bachelerie F, Balabanian K, Schlecht-Louf G, Gallego C. Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3): A Comprehensive Overview of its Expression and Potential Roles in the Immune System. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:809-818. [PMID: 31040166 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), previously known as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7), has emerged as a key player in several biologic processes, particularly during development. Its CXCL11 and CXCL12 scavenging activity and atypical signaling properties, together with a new array of other nonchemokine ligands, have established ACKR3 as a main regulator of physiologic processes at steady state and during inflammation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of ACKR3 expression in mammalian tissues in search of a possible connection with the receptor function. Besides the reported roles of ACKR3 during development, we discuss the potential contribution of ACKR3 to the function of the immune system, focusing on the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Koenen
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Karl Balabanian
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Carmen Gallego
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
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10
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Contribution and underlying mechanisms of CXCR4 overexpression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:842-849. [PMID: 27665947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of CXCR4 has been indicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanism of CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE is unclear. This study is aimed to explore the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of abnormal CXCR4 expression on B cells from patients with untreated SLE. Expression of CXCR4 on peripheral B cells was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Freshly isolated B cells were cultured with exogenous interleukin 21(IL-21) in the presence or absence of CD40 ligand (CD40L) plus anti-IgM antibody (aIgM), and changes in CXCR4 expression were detected. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways was assessed by adding blocking agents Ly294002 and AG490. Since CD63 is reported to mediate endosomal recruitment of CXCR4 and BCL6 is capable of silencing CD63 gene transcription, we also measured BCL6 and CD63 gene transcription with real-time PCR. It was shown that CXCR4 expression on B cells was significantly upregulated in SLE patients, especially in those with lupus nephritis, and was positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index scores and negatively with the serum complement 3 levels (P<0.05). Downregulation of CXCR4 by IL-21 was intact. In contrast, a similar effect of aIgM plus CD40L in downregulating CXCR4 expression was defective in SLE patients but was restored by co-stimulation with IL-21 in vitro. Both Ly294002 and AG490 promoted downregulation of surface CXCR4 expression on B cells from SLE patients (P=0.078 and P=0.064). Furthermore, B cells from SLE patients exhibited diminished CD63 mRNA and enhanced BCL6 mRNA expression (both P<0.05). To sum up, CXCR4 was overexpressed on SLE B cells, positively correlating with disease activity and kidney involvement. Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways as well as defective CD63 synthesis may contribute to CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE.
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Liao X, Pirapakaran T, Luo XM. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Development of Lupus Nephritis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6012715. [PMID: 27403037 PMCID: PMC4923605 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6012715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with damage to multiple organs. Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed kidney is a critical step to promote LN progression, and the chemokine/chemokine receptor system is necessary for leukocyte recruitment. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the development of LN and discuss the potential and hurdles of developing novel, chemokine-based drugs to treat LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tharshikha Pirapakaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Infection of Female BWF1 Lupus Mice with Malaria Parasite Attenuates B Cell Autoreactivity by Modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis and Its Downstream Signals PI3K/AKT, NFκB and ERK. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125340. [PMID: 25909640 PMCID: PMC4409368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal autoreactivity in B cells. Lymphocytes and their soluble mediators contribute to the disease pathogenesis. We recently demonstrated that infecting lupus mice with malaria confers protection against lupus nephritis by attenuating oxidative stress in both liver and kidney tissues. In the current study, we further investigated B cell autoreactivity in female BWF1 lupus mice after infection with either live or gamma-irradiated malaria, using ELISA, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The lupus mice exhibited a significant elevation in plasma levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, BAFF and APRIL and a marked elevation of IgG2a, IgG3 and ant-dsDNA autoantibodies compared with normal healthy mice. Infecting lupus mice with live but not gamma-irradiated malaria parasite partially and significantly restored the levels of the soluble mediators that contribute to the progression of lupus. Furthermore, the B cells of lupus mice exhibited an increased proliferative capacity; aberrant overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4; and a marked elevation in responsiveness to their cognate ligand (CXCL12) via aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT, NFκB and ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, infecting lupus mice with live but not gamma-irradiated malaria parasite restored a normal proliferative capacity, surface expression of CXCR4 and B cell response to CXCL-12. Taken together, our data present interesting findings that clarify, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of how infection of lupus mice with malaria parasite controls B cell autoreactivity and thus confers protection against lupus severity.
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DUSP4-mediated accelerated T-cell senescence in idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia. Blood 2015; 125:2507-18. [PMID: 25733583 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-598565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL) is a rare heterogeneous immunological syndrome of unclear etiology. ICL predisposes patients to severe opportunistic infections and frequently leads to poor vaccination effectiveness. Chronic immune activation, expansion of memory T cells, and impaired T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling have been reported in ICL, but the mechanistic and causative links remain unclear. We show that late-differentiated T cells in 20 patients with ICL displayed defective TCR responses and aging markers similar to those found in T cells from elderly subjects. Intrinsic T-cell defects were caused by increased expression of dual-specific phosphatase 4 (DUSP4). Normalization of DUSP4 expression using a specific siRNA improved CD4(+) T-cell activity in ICL, as this restored TCR-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and increased the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD27 and CD40L. Conversely, repeated TCR stimulation led to defective signaling and DUSP4 overexpression in control CD4(+) T cells. This was associated with gradual acquisition of a memory phenotype and was curtailed by DUSP4 silencing. These findings identify a premature T-cell senescence in ICL that might be caused by chronic T-cell activation and a consequential DUSP4-dependent dampening of TCR signaling.
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Miyazaki Y, Niino M, Fukazawa T, Takahashi E, Nonaka T, Amino I, Tashiro J, Minami N, Fujiki N, Doi S, Kikuchi S. Suppressed pro-inflammatory properties of circulating B cells in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod, based on altered proportions of B-cell subpopulations. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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