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Ribeiro H, Alves R, Jorge J, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Teixeira-Veríssimo M, Andrade JP, Dourado M. Monocytes in the Characterization of Pain in Palliative Patients with Severe Dementia-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10723. [PMID: 37445910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In assessing and managing pain, when obtaining a self-report is impossible, therapeutic decision-making becomes more challenging. This study aimed to investigate whether monocytes and some membrane monocyte proteins, identified as a cluster of differentiation (CD), could be potential non-invasive peripheral biomarkers in identifying and characterizing pain in patients with severe dementia. We used 53 blood samples from non-oncological palliative patients, 44 patients with pain (38 of whom had dementia) and 0 without pain or dementia (controls). We evaluated the levels of monocytes and their subtypes, including classic, intermediate, and non-classic, and characterized the levels of specific phenotypic markers, namely CD11c, CD86, CD163, and CD206. We found that the relative concentrations of monocytes, particularly the percentage of classic monocytes, may be a helpful pain biomarker. Furthermore, the CD11c expression levels were significantly higher in patients with mixed pain, while CD163 and CD206 expression levels were significantly higher in patients with nociceptive pain. These findings suggest that the levels of monocytes, particularly the classic subtype, and their phenotype markers CD11c, CD163, and CD206 could serve as pain biomarkers in patients with severe dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ribeiro
- Community Support Team in Palliative Care-Group of Health Centers Gaia, 4400-043 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University do Porto, 4200-219 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Alves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Jorge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Teixeira-Veríssimo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Andrade
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-219 Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-219 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Dourado
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)-Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-304 Coimbra, Portugal
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Yap YJ, Wong PF, AbuBakar S, Sam SS, Shunmugarajoo A, Soh YH, Misbah S, Ab Rahman AK. The clinical utility of CD163 in viral diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 541:117243. [PMID: 36740088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and hypercytokinemia are notable presentations in certain viral infections leading to severe disease and poor prognosis. Viral infections can cause macrophage polarization into the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Activated M1 macrophages usually restrict viral replication whereas activated M2 macrophages suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair. In response to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages polarize to the M2 phenotype expressing hemoglobin scavenger CD163 surface receptor. The CD163 receptor is shed as the soluble form, sCD163, into plasma or tissue fluids. sCD163 causes detoxification of pro-oxidative hemoglobin which produces anti-inflammatory metabolites that promote the resolution of inflammation. Hence, increased CD163 expression in tissues and elevated circulatory levels of sCD163 have been associated with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. CD163 and other macrophage activation markers have been commonly included in the investigation of disease pathogenesis and progression. This review provides an overview of the involvement of CD163 in viral diseases. The clinical utility of CD163 in viral disease diagnosis, progression, prognosis and treatment evaluation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue and Severe Dengue) MAA-12, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anusha Shunmugarajoo
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, 41200 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Harng Soh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Unit, Central Melaka District Health Office, Jalan Bukit Baru, 75150 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Misbah
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Kashfi Ab Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Unit), Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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3
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Brech D, Herbstritt AS, Diederich S, Straub T, Kokolakis E, Irmler M, Beckers J, Büttner FA, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Schwab M, Nelson PJ, Noessner E. Dendritic Cells or Macrophages? The Microenvironment of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Imprints a Mosaic Myeloid Subtype Associated with Patient Survival. Cells 2022; 11:3289. [PMID: 36291154 PMCID: PMC9600747 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their initial description by Elie Metchnikoff, phagocytes have sparked interest in a variety of biologic disciplines. These important cells perform central functions in tissue repair and immune activation as well as tolerance. Myeloid cells can be immunoinhibitory, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, where their presence is generally associated with poor patient prognosis. These cells are highly adaptable and plastic, and can be modulated to perform desired functions such as antitumor activity, if key programming molecules can be identified. Human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered immunogenic; yet checkpoint blockades that target T cell dysfunction have shown limited clinical efficacy, suggesting additional layers of immunoinhibition. We previously described "enriched-in-renal cell carcinoma" (erc) DCs that were often found in tight contact with dysfunctional T cells. Using transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry, we describe here that ercDCs represent a mosaic cell type within the macrophage continuum co-expressing M1 and M2 markers. The polarization state reflects tissue-specific signals that are characteristic of RCC and renal tissue homeostasis. ErcDCs are tissue-resident with increasing prevalence related to tumor grade. Accordingly, a high ercDC score predicted poor patient survival. Within the profile, therapeutic targets (VSIG4, NRP1, GPNMB) were identified with promise to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Brech
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna S. Herbstritt
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Diederich
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Kokolakis
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Florian A. Büttner
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Immunoanalytics/Tissue Control of Immunocytes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Luo Y, Wadhawan S, Greenfield A, Decato BE, Oseini AM, Collen R, Shevell DE, Thompson J, Jarai G, Charles ED, Sanyal AJ. SOMAscan Proteomics Identifies Serum Biomarkers Associated With Liver Fibrosis in Patients With NASH. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:760-773. [PMID: 34027267 PMCID: PMC8122380 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver fibrosis stage, a key component of NASH, has been linked to the risk of mortality and liver-related clinical outcomes. Currently there are no validated noninvasive diagnostics that can differentiate between fibrosis stages in patients with NASH; many existing tests do not reflect underlying disease pathophysiology. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed to identify patients at high-risk of NASH with advanced fibrosis. This was a retrospective study of patients with histologically proven NASH with fibrosis stages 0-4. The SOMAscan proteomics platform was used to quantify 1,305 serum proteins in a discovery cohort (n = 113). In patients with advanced (stages 3-4) versus early fibrosis (stages 0-2), 97 proteins with diverse biological functions were differentially expressed. Next, fibrosis-stage classification models were explored using a machine learning-based approach to prioritize the biomarkers for further evaluation. A four-protein model differentiated patients with stage 0-1 versus stage 2-4 fibrosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.74), while a 12-protein classifier differentiated advanced versus early fibrosis (AUROC = 0.83). Subsequently, the model's performance was validated in two independent cohorts (n = 71 and n = 32) with similar results (AUROC = 0.74-0.78). Our advanced fibrosis model performed similarly to or better than Fibrosis-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score-based models for all three cohorts. Conclusion: A SOMAscan proteomics-based exploratory classifier for advanced fibrosis, consisting of biomarkers that reflect the complexity of NASH pathophysiology, demonstrated similar performance in independent validation cohorts and performed similarly or better than Fibrosis-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical utility of these biomarker panels in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Bristol Myers SquibbPrincetonNJUSA
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5
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Xi S, Zheng X, Li X, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Gong J, Jie Y, Li Z, Cao J, Sha L, Zhang M, Chong Y. Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Induce Infiltration and Formation of CD163 + Macrophages via CCL2/CCR2 Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:627927. [PMID: 33614685 PMCID: PMC7893116 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.627927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) regulate the function of immune cells during liver fibrosis. As major innate cells in the liver, macrophages have inducible plasticity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which aHSCs regulate macrophages' phenotype and function during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis remain unclear. In this study, we examined the immunoregulatory function of aHSCs during liver fibrosis and explored their role in regulating macrophage phenotype and function. Methods: A total of 96 patients with different stages of chronic hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis were recruited in the study. Metavir score system was used to evaluate the degree of fibrosis. The expression of hepatic CCL2 and M2 phenotype macrophage marker CD163 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship among hepatic CD163, CCL2, and fibrosis scores were also explored. In the in vitro model, the aHSCs isolated from human liver tissues and THP-1-derived M0-type macrophages (M0MΦ) were co-cultured to observe whether and how aHSCs regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages. To explore whether CCL2/CCR2 axis has a crucial role in macrophage phenotypic changes during liver fibrosis, we treated the M0MΦ with recombinant human CCL2 or its specific receptor antagonist INCB-3284. Furthermore, we used LX2 and TGF-β-activated LX2 to mimic the different activation statuses of aHSCs to further confirm our results. Results: In patients, the infiltration of M2 macrophages increased during the progression of liver fibrosis. Intriguingly, as a key molecule for aHSC chemotactic macrophage aggregation, CCL2 markedly up-regulated the expression of CD163 and CD206 on the macrophages, which was further confirmed by adding the CCR2 antagonist (INCB 3284) into the cell culture system. In addition, the TGF-β stimulated LX2 further confirmed that aHSCs up-regulate the expression of CD163 and CD206 on macrophages. LX2 stimulated with TGF-β could produce more CCL2 and up-regulate other M2 phenotype macrophage-specific markers, including IL-10, ARG-1, and CCR2 besides CD163 and CD206 at the gene level, indicating that the different activation status of aHSCs might affect the final phenotype and function of macrophages. Conclusions: The expression of the M2 macrophage marker increases during liver fibrosis progression and is associated with fibrosis severity. AHSCs can recruit macrophages through the CCL2/CCR2 pathway and induce M2 phenotypic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Xi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuping Sha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhong Y, Xu M, Hu J, Huang X, Lin N, Deng M. Inhibiting Th1/2 cells influences hepatic capillarization by adjusting sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae through Rho-ROCK-myosin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5069-5086. [PMID: 33535174 PMCID: PMC7950229 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are considered to be vital in chronic liver diseases, but their exact roles in hepatic capillarization, the typical characteristic of liver fibrosis, are poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the roles of typical subtype of CD4+ T cells, named T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in liver fibrosis. Taking advantage of well established fibrotic rat model, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the interactions between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Th1/2 cells; meanwhile we evaluated the degree of hepatic capillarization when inhibiting these interactions with inhibitory antibodies. Our results showed that prohibiting interactions between Th2 cells and LSECs caused the restoration of fenestrae, increased cytokine level of Th1 cells and reduction of hepatic capillarization; inhibiting the interaction between Th1 cells and LSECs produced the opposite effects. Moreover, increased Rho and myosin light chain phosphorylation were observed when Th1 cells were inhibited with the corresponding inhibitory antibody; Th2 cell inhibition yielded the opposite results. This study indicated that Th1/2 cells steer the capillarization process in different directions and this effect is probably mediated by the Rho-Rho kinase (ROCK)-myosin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesi Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxiong Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Meihai Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
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High CD163 Expression on Classical Monocytes Is Associated with Immune Control of HBV Infection in Noncirrhotic Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6364258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims. The functional impairment of monocytes may contribute to the persistence of HBV infection. This study aims to assess monocyte subpopulations, monocyte expression of CD163, plasma sCD163, and sTWEAK in patients with chronic HBeAg-negative HBV infection at different phases of disease. Methods. Fifty-nine patients with CHB, 9 with a history of HBsAg/anti-HBs seroconversion, were enrolled. The control group consisted of 15 healthy volunteers. Subpopulations of peripheral blood monocytes were distinguished by CD14 and CD16. Membrane expression of CD163 was assessed by flow cytometry, plasma sCD163 concentration by ELISA, and sTWEAK by bead-based multiplexed immunoassay system. Results. CD163 expression was increased in classical and intermediate monocytes in CHB patients and those with HBsAg/anti-HBs seroconversion. CD163 expression on classical monocytes was associated with status of immune control and thus significant in HBV infection as compared to active hepatitis. Plasma sCD163 concentration was increased in CHB patients and those with HBsAg/anti-HBs seroconversion vs. the control group. Positive correlations between plasma sCD163 and ALT, as well as APRI, were observed. Plasma sTWEAK concentration was lower in CHB patients in comparison to patients with HBsAg/anti-HBs seroconversion. Conclusions. Exposure to HBV antigens alters monocyte subsets’ frequencies and activation. The expression of CD163 on classical monocytes increased in parallel with improved immune control of the HBV infection. Patients who seroconverted HBsAg had the highest expression of CD163 on monocytes, which suggests involvement of monocytes in immune control of HBV infection. Persistent inflammation is accompanied by higher CD163 expression and sCD163 level and lower sTWEAK level.
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8
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Li X, Su Y, Hua X, Xie C, Liu J, Huang Y, Zhou L, Zhang M, Li X, Gao Z. Levels of hepatic Th17 cells and regulatory T cells upregulated by hepatic stellate cells in advanced HBV-related liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:75. [PMID: 28399886 PMCID: PMC5387242 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis which mainly occurs upon chronic hepatitis virus infection potentially leads to portal hypertension, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the immune status of Th17 and Treg cells in liver fibrosis is controversial and the exact mechanisms remain largely elusive. Methods Liver tissues and peripheral blood were obtained simultaneously from 32 hepatitis B virus infected patients undergoing surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma at the medical center of Sun Yat-sen University. Liver tissues at least 3 cm away from the tumor site were used for the analyses. Levels of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells were detected by flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry. In vitro experiment, we adopted magnetic cell sorting to investigate how hepatic stellate cells regulate the levels of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells. Results We found that hepatic Th17 cells and regulatory T cells were increased in patients with advanced stage HBV-related liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells upregulated the levels of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells via PGE2/EP2 and EP4 pathway. Conclusions We found that the increased levels of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells were upregulated by hepatic stellate cells. These results may provide insight into the role of hepatic stellate cells and Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in the persistence of fibrosis and into the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following cirrhosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1167-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Hua
- Department of Transplant Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 210 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Li X, Zhang M, Liu J, Huang Z, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li X, Gao Z. Intrahepatic NK cells function suppressed in advanced liver fibrosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:864-72. [PMID: 27555302 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous epidemiological studies indicate that hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis (HBV-LF), particularly cirrhosis, represents the main risk factor for liver cancer development, the mechanisms determining the persistence of fibrosis and liver cancer pathogenesis are still poorly defined. Few studies have investigated the status of NK cells during different stages of HBV-LF. METHODS Liver tissues at least 3 cm away from the tumour site and peripheral blood were obtained simultaneously from 32 HBV-infected patients undergoing surgery for HCC at the medical centre of Sun Yat-sen University. We detected the amount of NK cells and analysed the phenotype and function of NK cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that there was no difference in the amount of circulating and intrahepatic NK cells between early and advanced HBV-LF. However, NKp46 expression on intrahepatic NK cells decreased and productions of IFN-γ and perforin of intrahepatic NK cells declined apparently in patients with advanced HBV-LF. CONCLUSION In the present study, we displayed that in patients with advanced HBV-LF, the expression of NKp46 on intrahepatic NK cells as well as productions of IFN-γ and perforin of intrahepatic NK cells decreased significantly. These results indicated that the immune function of intrahepatic NK cells in patients with advanced HBV-LF was suppressed distinctly, which provided new insight into the potential role of NK cells in the persistence of fibrosis and into the occurrence of HCC following cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanlian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,GuangDong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Nwosu ZC, Alborzinia H, Wölfl S, Dooley S, Liu Y. Evolving Insights on Metabolism, Autophagy, and Epigenetics in Liver Myofibroblasts. Front Physiol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27313533 PMCID: PMC4887492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver myofibroblasts (MFB) are crucial mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in liver fibrosis. They arise mainly from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) upon a process termed “activation.” To a lesser extent, and depending on the cause of liver damage, portal fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and fibrocytes may also contribute to the MFB population. Targeting MFB to reduce liver fibrosis is currently an area of intense research. Unfortunately, a clog in the wheel of antifibrotic therapies is the fact that although MFB are known to mediate scar formation, and participate in liver inflammatory response, many of their molecular portraits are currently unknown. In this review, we discuss recent understanding of MFB in health and diseases, focusing specifically on three evolving research fields: metabolism, autophagy, and epigenetics. We have emphasized on therapeutic prospects where applicable and mentioned techniques for use in MFB studies. Subsequently, we highlighted uncharted territories in MFB research to help direct future efforts aimed at bridging gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe C Nwosu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Zhu B, Lin N, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Cheng H, Chen S, Ling Y, Pan W, Xu R. Activated hepatic stellate cells promote angiogenesis via interleukin-8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:365. [PMID: 26593962 PMCID: PMC4655083 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines have been recognized as important modulators of angiogenesis, and they play critical roles in the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although their origins and latent molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate how activated hepatic stellate cells (a-HSCs) promote angiogenesis in HCC. METHODS A total of 22 HCC patients were enrolled randomly. We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyse the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a-HSCs derived from HCC tissues. The angiogenic effects of IL-8 in vitro and in vivo were assessed by ELISA, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, capillary tube formation assay, and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. RESULTS The present study showed that IL-8 was enriched predominantly in the tumour stroma of HCC tissues and was mainly derived from a-HSCs, rather than from hepatoma cells, in vivo and in vitro. Angiogenesis was most active at the invading edge, which was close to the a-HSCs. The angiogenic effect was dramatically attenuated by an IL-8 neutralizing antibody both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the IL-8 neutralizing antibody down-regulated Ser727-phosphorylated STAT3 levels in hepatoma cells treated with a-HSCs conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that a-HSCs within the stroma of HCC contribute to tumour angiogenesis via IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Huanhuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunbiao Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weidong Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruiyun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Wang J, Zhu HH, Xue JH, Wu SS, Chen Z. Effects of storage conditions on the stability of serum CD163, NGAL, HMGB1 and MIP2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:4099-4105. [PMID: 26097598 PMCID: PMC4466985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cytokines have been involved in the diagnosis and prognosis for the pathogenesis and severity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) such as cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Nevertheless, the stability and reliability of these cytokines can be greatly influenced by handling and storage processes. METHODS In this study, potential utility of serum samples of a CHB cohort was evaluated to investigate several processes that might impact cytokine profiles such as temperature, storage time and number of freeze-thaw cycles. Blood samples collected from 100 patients with CHB were separated immediately and divided into two groups. In one group, samples (n=50) stored at -80 °C were subject to 1-3 freeze-thaw cycles. In the other group, samples (n=50) were stored at 4 °C and 25 °C for 3 h, 9 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 d time points, respectively. To assess the influence of different storage conditions on cytokines, the levels of CD163, NGAL, HMGB1 and MIP-2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits. RESULTS No significant differences of these four cytokines after 1-3 repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Significant differences of NAGL levels were seen between 9 h and 7 d (P<0.05), and also in HMGB1 at 25 °C, while the other cytokines were relatively stable at the two storage temperatures over the various time points. CONCLUSION This study indicated that these four cytokines remained stable within three freeze-thaw cycles and 7 d at 4 °C. No perceptible effects on CD163 and MIP-2 levels were presented under the storage condition of 7 d at room temperature, whereas the degradation of NGAL and HMGB1 were notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Yadav VR, Hussain A, Xie J, Kosanke S, Awasthi V. The salutary effects of diphenyldifluoroketone EF24 in liver of a rat hemorrhagic shock model. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2015; 23:8. [PMID: 25645333 PMCID: PMC4324433 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-015-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver is a target for injury in low flow states and it plays a central role in the progression of systemic failure associated with hemorrhagic shock. Pharmacologic support can help recover liver function even after it has suffered extensive damage during ischemia and reperfusion phases. In this work we assessed the efficacy of a diphenyldifluoroketone EF24, an IKKβ inhibitor, in controlling hepatic inflammatory signaling caused by hemorrhagic shock in a rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were bled to about 50% of blood volume. The hemorrhaged rats were treated with vehicle control or EF24 (0.4 mg/kg) after 1 h of hemorrhage without any accompanying resuscitation. The study was terminated after additional 5 h to excise liver tissue for biochemical analyses and histology. Results EF24 treatment alleviated hemorrhagic shock-induced histologic injury in the liver and restored serum transaminases to normal levels. Hemorrhagic shock induced the circulating levels of CD163 (a marker for macrophage activation) and CINC (an IL-8 analog), as well as myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue. These markers of inflammatory injury were reduced by EF24 treatment. EF24 treatment also suppressed the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4, phospho-p65/Rel A, and cyclooxygenase-2 in liver tissues, indicating that it suppressed inflammatory pathway. Moreover, it reduced the hemorrhagic shock-induced increase in the expression of high mobility group box-1 protein. The evidence for apoptosis after hemorrhagic shock was inconclusive. Conclusion Even in the absence of volume support, EF24 treatment suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling in liver tissue and improves liver functional markers in hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Alamdar Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Stanley Kosanke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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Zhang M, Wang F, Chong Y, Tai Q, Zhao Q, Zheng Y, Peng L, Lin S, Gao Z. Liver myofibroblasts from hepatitis B related liver failure patients may regulate natural killer cell function via PGE2. J Transl Med 2014; 12:308. [PMID: 25367326 PMCID: PMC4232720 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are abundant in the liver and constitute a major innate immune component that contributes to immune-mediated liver injury. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypes and functions of NK cells involved in hepatitis B related liver failure (LF), and the precise mechanism underlying NK cell regulation is not fully understood. METHODS We detected the percentage and function of peripheral NK cells both in hepatitis B related LF patients and healthy volunteers by flow cytometry and isolated the liver myofibroblasts (LMFs) from hepatitis B related LF livers. To determine the possible effects of LMFs on NK cells, mixed cell cultures were established in vitro. RESULTS We found a down-regulated percentage of peripheral NK cells in hepatitis B related LF patients, and their NK cells also displayed decreased activated natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) and cytokine production. In a co-culture model, LMFs sharply attenuated IL-2-induced NK cell triggering receptors, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. The inhibitory effect of LMFs on NK cells correlated with their ability to produce prostaglandin (PG) E2. CONCLUSION These data suggest that LMFs may protect against immune-mediated liver injury in hepatitis B related LF patients by inhibiting NK cell function via PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi Province, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qiang Tai
- Department of Hepatic Surgury, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yubao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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