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Zhou Z, Zheng K, Zhou S, Yang Y, Chen J, Jin X. E3 ubiquitin ligases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and implications for therapies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1543-1565. [PMID: 37796337 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is one of the pathogenic factors involved in the oncogenetic development and progression of NPC. E3 ligases, which are key members of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), specifically recognize various oncogenic factors and tumor suppressors and contribute to determining their fate through ubiquitination. Several studies have demonstrated that E3 ligases are aberrantly expressed and mutated in NPC and that these changes are closely associated with the occurrence and progression of NPC. Herein, we aim to thoroughly review the specific action mechanisms by which E3 ligases participate in NPC signaling pathways and discuss their functional relationship with EBV. Moreover, we describe the current progress in and limitations for targeted therapies against E3 ligases in NPC. KEY MESSAGES: • E3 ubiquitin ligases, as members of the UPS system, determine the fate of their substrates and may act either as oncogenic or anti-tumorigenic factors in NPC. • Mutations or dysregulated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases is closely related to the occurrence, development, and therapeutic sensitivity of NPC, as they play important roles in several signaling pathways affected by EBV infection. • As promising therapeutic targets, E3 ligases may open new avenues for treatment and for improving the prognosis of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Shao Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Youxiong Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, 315199, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Jayaprakash S, Hegde M, BharathwajChetty B, Girisa S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Unraveling the Potential Role of NEDD4-like E3 Ligases in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012380. [PMID: 36293239 PMCID: PMC9604169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease worldwide, with an anticipated 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million deaths occurring in 2020 according to GLOBOCAN 2020. It is well established that carcinogenesis and cancer development are strongly linked to genetic changes and post-translational modifications (PTMs). An important PTM process, ubiquitination, regulates every aspect of cellular activity, and the crucial enzymes in the ubiquitination process are E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that affect substrate specificity and must therefore be carefully regulated. A surfeit of studies suggests that, among the E3 ubiquitin ligases, neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4)/NEDD4-like E3 ligases show key functions in cellular processes by controlling subsequent protein degradation and substrate ubiquitination. In addition, it was demonstrated that NEDD4 mainly acts as an oncogene in various cancers, but also plays a tumor-suppressive role in some cancers. In this review, to comprehend the proper function of NEDD4 in cancer development, we summarize its function, both its tumor-suppressive and oncogenic role, in multiple types of malignancies. Moreover, we briefly explain the role of NEDD4 in carcinogenesis and progression, including cell survival, cell proliferation, autophagy, cell migration, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemoresistance, and multiple signaling pathways. In addition, we briefly explain the significance of NEDD4 as a possible target for cancer treatment. Therefore, we conclude that targeting NEDD4 as a therapeutic method for treating human tumors could be a practical possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Jayaprakash
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Bandari BharathwajChetty
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.B.K.)
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Hao S, Jiang P, Xie L, Xiang G, Liu Z, Hu W, Wu Q, Jiang L, Xiao Y, Li S. Essential Genes and MiRNA-mRNA Network Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:627873. [PMID: 34026864 PMCID: PMC8133434 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.627873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening disease. Owing to its high fatality rate and narrow therapeutic options, identification of the pathogenic mechanisms of IPAH is becoming increasingly important. Methods: In our research, we utilized the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to integrate four eligible pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) microarray datasets and identified the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPAH and normal samples. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to analyze their functions. The interaction network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed to explore the correlation between these DEGs. The functional modules and hub genes were further identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, a miRNA microarray dataset was involved and analyzed to filter differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). Potential target genes of screened DE-miRNAs were predicted and merged with DEGs to explore a miRNA-mRNA network in IPAH. Some hub genes were selected and validated by RT-PCR in lung tissues from the PAH animal model. Results: A total of 260 DEGs, consisting of 183 upregulated and 77 downregulated significant DEGs, were identified, and some of those genes were novel. Their molecular roles in the etiology of IPAH remained vague. The most crucial functional module involved in IPAH is mainly enriched in biological processes, including leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, and myeloid leukocyte migration. Construction and analysis of the PPI network showed that CXCL10, CXCL9, CCR1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CXCR2, CXCR1, PF4, CCL4L1, and ADORA3 were recognized as top 10 hub genes with high connectivity degrees. WGCNA further identified five main functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of IPAH. Twelve upregulated DE-miRNAs and nine downregulated DE-miRNAs were identified. Among them, four downregulated DEGs and eight upregulated DEGs were supposed to be negatively regulated by three upregulated DE-miRNAs and three downregulated DE-miRNAs, respectively. Conclusions: This study identifies some key and functional coexpression modules involved in IPAH, as well as a potential IPAH-related miRNA-mRNA regulated network. It provides deepening insights into the molecular mechanisms and provides vital clues in seeking novel therapeutic targets for IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiling Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Zhang R, Zhao W, Lv M, Chen M, Yan Y, Feng S. Paeoniflorin exhibits antitumor effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through downregulation of NEDD4. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7579-7590. [PMID: 31934302 PMCID: PMC6943474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), which is isolated from the paeony root, possesses tumor suppressive function in a variety of malignancies. However, it is unknown whether PF possesses anticancer activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and which molecular mechanism is involved in PF-triggered antitumor function. In the current study, we measured cell proliferation, apoptotic death, cell cycle, cell motility in NPC cells after PF exposure. We found that PF suppressed cell proliferation, stimulated apoptosis, triggered cell cycle arrest, and impeded cell migratory and invasive activity in NPC cells. Mechanistically, PF inhibited the expression of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4). We further validated that PF induced antitumor activity via downregulation of NEDD4 in NPC. Our data suggest that PF might act as a potential inhibitor of NEDD4 for treating NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Minghui Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
| | - Shaoyan Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai, China
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Hallmarks of Cancer-Related Newly Prognostic Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082413. [PMID: 30115834 PMCID: PMC6121568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth leading malignancy worldwide. OSCC is an aggressive tumor and its prognosis has exhibited little improvement in the last three decades. Comprehensive elucidation of OSCC's molecular mechanism is imperative for early detection and treatment, improving patient survival. Based on broadly accepted notions, OSCC arises from multiple genetic alterations caused by chronic exposure to carcinogens. In 2011, research revealed 10 key alterations fundamental to cancer cell development: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, activating invasion and metastasis, tumor-promoting inflammation, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, and deregulating energetics. This review describes molecular pathological findings on conventional and novel hallmarks of OSCC prognostic factors. In addition, the review summarizes the functions and roles of several molecules as novel OSCC prognosticators.
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Feng S, Yang G, Yang H, Liang Z, Zhang R, Fan Y, Zhang G. NEDD4 is involved in acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:869-878. [PMID: 28379054 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive head-neck cancer derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium, mainly prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy and adjuvant cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy are standard administrations applied in the treatment of NPC. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs has recently become more common, resulting in worse treatment outcome for NPC therapy. To elucidate the underlying molecular basis of drug resistance to DDP in NPC cells, we examined the morphocytology, cell motility and molecular changes in DDP-resistant NPC cells with respect to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features. We found that EMT is closely associated with DDP-induced drug resistance in NPC cells, as DDP-resistant cells displayed morphological and molecular markers changes consistent with EMT. Wound healing and Transwell Boyden chamber assays revealed an enhanced migration and invasion potential in DDP-resistant NPC cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of NEDD4 was observed to relate to EMT in DDP-resistant cells. More importantly, depletion of NEDD4 in resistant cells led to a partial reversion of EMT phenotypes to MET characteristics. These data suggest that NEDD4 is largely involved in EMT features and chemoresistance of NPC cancer cells. NEDD4 could be a novel therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance in successful administrations of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Feng
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Haidi Yang
- d Department of Otolaryngology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zibin Liang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- e Department of Orthopaedics , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Yunping Fan
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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NEDD 4 binding protein 2-like 1 promotes cancer cell invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:163-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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Brohl AS, Stinson JR, Su HC, Badgett T, Jennings CD, Sukumar G, Sindiri S, Wang W, Kardava L, Moir S, Dalgard CL, Moscow JA, Khan J, Snow AL. Germline CARD11 Mutation in a Patient with Severe Congenital B Cell Lymphocytosis. J Clin Immunol 2014; 35:32-46. [PMID: 25352053 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating germline mutations in CARD11 have recently been linked to a rare genetic disorder associated with congenital B cell lymphocytosis. We describe a patient with a similar clinical phenotype who had a de novo germline G123D CARD11 mutation. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA from the patient and his biological parents. Laboratory studies examined characteristics of the patient's B and T lymphocytes. A CARD11 cDNA containing the mutation was transfected into a lymphocyte cell line to gain an understanding of its function. RNA sequencing was performed on samples from the patient and from patients with alternate germline CARD11 mutations and differential gene expression analysis was performed. RESULTS The patient had a decade-long history of severe polyclonal B lymphocytosis in the 20,000-90,000 lymphocytes/mm(3) range, which was markedly exacerbated by EBV infection and splenectomy at different times. He had a heterozygous germline CARD11 mutation causing a G123D amino acid substitution, which was demonstrated to induce NF-κB activation in unstimulated lymphocytes. In contrast to previous patients with CARD11 mutations, this patient's B cells exhibited higher expression of several cell cycle progression genes, as well as enhanced proliferation and improved survival following B cell receptor stimulation. CONCLUSIONS This is the third reported germline and first de novo CARD11 mutation shown to cause congenital B cell lymphocytosis. The mutation was associated with a dramatically greater lymphocytosis than in previously described cases, disproportionate to the level of constitutive NF-κB activation. However, comparative review of the patient's clinical history, combined with additional genomic and functional analyses, underscore other important variables that may affect pathophysiology or regulate mutant CARD11 function in B cell proliferation and disease. We now refer to these patients as having BENTA disease (B cell Expansion with NF-κB and T cell Anergy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Brohl
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 2016B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Badgett
- Department of Pediatrics and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chester D Jennings
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 2016B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- Department of Pediatrics and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 2016B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Song X, Cao G, Jing L, Lin S, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang M, Liu W, Lv C. Analysing the relationship between lncRNA and protein-coding gene and the role of lncRNA as ceRNA in pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:991-1003. [PMID: 24702795 PMCID: PMC4508140 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathophysiologic processes and human diseases. However, their dynamics and corresponding functions in pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. In this study, portions of lncRNAs adjacent or homologous to protein-coding genes were determined by searching the UCSC genome bioinformatics database. This was found to be potentially useful for exploring lncRNA functions in disease progression. Previous studies showed that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis is another method to predict lncRNA function. However, little is known about the function of ceRNA in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we selected two differentially expressed lncRNAs MRAK088388 and MRAK081523 to explore their regulatory mechanisms. MRAK088388 and MRAK081523 were analysed as long-intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), and identified as orthologues of mouse lncRNAs AK088388 and AK081523, respectively. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) showed that they were significantly up-regulated, and located in the cytoplasm of interstitial lung cells. We also showed that MRAK088388 and N4bp2 had the same miRNA response elements (MREs) for miR-200, miR-429, miR-29, and miR-30, whereas MRAK081523 and Plxna4 had the same MREs for miR-218, miR-141, miR-98, and let-7. Moreover, the expression levels of N4bp2 and Plxna4 significantly increased in fibrotic rats, and were highly correlated with those of MRAK088388 and MRAK081523, respectively. Among their shared miRNAs, miR-29b-3p and let-7i-5p decreased in the model group, and were negatively correlated with the expression of MRAK088388 and MRAK081523, respectively. MRAK088388 and MRAK081523 could regulate N4bp2 and Plxna4 expression by sponging miR-29b-3p and let-7i-5p, respectively, and possessed regulatory functions as ceRNAs. Thus, our study may provide insights into the functional interactions of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA, and lead to new theories for the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Tsao SW, Yip YL, Tsang CM, Pang PS, Lau VMY, Zhang G, Lo KW. Etiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:330-8. [PMID: 24630258 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common disease among southern Chinese. The major etiological factors proposed for NPC pathogenesis include genetic susceptibility, environment factors and EBV infection. In the high risk population, genetic susceptibility to NPC has been mapped to the HLA loci and adjacent genes in MHC region on chromosome 6p21. Consumption of preserved food including salted fish has been implicated in its etiology in earlier studies. Its contribution to pathogenesis of NPC remains to be determined. A decreasing trend of NPC incidence was observed in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore in recent years which may be accounted by a change of dietary habits. A comprehensive epidemiological study will help to elucidate the relative importance of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of NPC. Despite the close association of EBV infection with NPC, the etiological role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis remains enigmatic. EBV infection in primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells is uncommon and difficult to achieve. EBV does not transform primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones, which contrasts greatly with the well-documented ability of EBV to transform and immortalize primary B cells. Genetic alterations identified in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium may play crucial roles to support stable EBV infection. Subsequently, latent and lytic EBV gene products may drive clonal expansion and transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. Stromal inflammation in nasopharyngeal mucosa is believed to play an important role in modulating the growth and possibly drive the malignant transformation of EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, there are increasing evidences supporting a role of EBV infection to evade host immune surveillance. EBV-infected cells may have selective growth advantages in vivo by acquiring a stress-resistance phenotype. Understanding the etiological factors and pathogenesis of NPC will contribute effectively to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pei Shin Pang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Victoria Ming Yi Lau
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Guitao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Chen P, Guo X, Zhou H, Zhang W, Zeng Z, Liao Q, Li X, Xiang B, Yang J, Ma J, Zhou M, Peng S, Xiang J, Li X, LE CW, Xiong W, McCarthy JB, Li G. SPLUNC1 regulates cell progression and apoptosis through the miR-141-PTEN/p27 pathway, but is hindered by LMP1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56929. [PMID: 23472073 PMCID: PMC3589440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of the host defensive protein short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we report that SPLUNC1 plays a role at a very early stage of NPC carcinogenesis. SPLUNC1 regulates NPC cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through miR-141, which in turn regulates PTEN and p27 expression. This signaling axis is negatively regulated by the EBV-coded gene LMP1. Therefore we propose that SPLUNC1 suppresses NPC tumor formation and its inhibition by LMP1 provides a route for NPC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Houde Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Colvin Wanshura LE
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - James B. McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JBM); (GL)
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer and Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JBM); (GL)
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Bei JX, Jia WH, Zeng YX. Familial and large-scale case-control studies identify genes associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:96-106. [PMID: 22313875 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy and has a remarkable geographic distribution, which is highly prevalent in southern China, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. Although most of the NPC are sporadic cases, the familial clustering of NPC has been demonstrated worldwide. Accumulating studies have proposed that the etiology of NPC is multi-stage and multi-factorial, involving genetic lesions, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and environmental exposure. Genetic variations result in differences in gene function, which in turn lead to different susceptibility to disease. Many studies have been carried out to dissect the genetic variants that contribute to NPC susceptibility. This article reviews the current progress of genetic studies to identify genes associated with NPC, focusing on the familial linkage and large-scale case-control study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Hildesheim A, Wang CP. Genetic predisposition factors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a review of epidemiological association studies, 2000-2011: Rosetta Stone for NPC: genetics, viral infection, and other environmental factors. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:107-16. [PMID: 22300735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
While infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an essential risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), other co-factors including genetic factors are thought to play an important role. In this review, we summarize association studies conducted over the past decade to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in NPC development. A review of the literature identified close to 100 studies, including 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), since 2000 that evaluated genetic polymorphisms and NPC risk in at least 100 NPC cases and 100 controls. Consistent evidence for associations were reported for a handful of genes, including immune-related HLA Class I genes, DNA repair gene RAD51L1, cell cycle control genes MDM2 and TP53, and cell adhesion/migration gene MMP2. However, for most of the genes evaluated, there was no effort to replicate findings and studies were largely modest in size, typically consisting of no more than a few hundred cases and controls. The small size of most studies, and the lack of attempts at replication have limited progress in understanding the genetics of NPC. Moving forward, if we are to advance our understanding of genetic factors involved in the development of NPC, and of the impact of gene-gene and gene-environment interations in the development of this disease, consortial efforts that pool across multiple, well-designed and coordinated efforts will most likely be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Fukui K, Kuramitsu S. Structure and Function of the Small MutS-Related Domain. Mol Biol Int 2011; 2011:691735. [PMID: 22091410 PMCID: PMC3200294 DOI: 10.4061/2011/691735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MutS family proteins are widely distributed in almost all organisms from bacteria to human and play central roles in various DNA transactions such as DNA mismatch repair and recombinational events. The small MutS-related (Smr) domain was originally found in the C-terminal domain of an antirecombination protein, MutS2, a member of the MutS family. MutS2 is thought to suppress homologous recombination by endonucleolytic resolution of early intermediates in the process. The endonuclease activity of MutS2 is derived from the Smr domain. Interestingly, sequences homologous to the Smr domain are abundant in a variety of proteins other than MutS2 and can be classified into 3 subfamilies. Recently, the tertiary structures and endonuclease activities of all 3 Smr subfamilies were reported. In this paper, we review the biochemical characteristics and structures of the Smr domains as well as cellular functions of the Smr-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukui
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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16
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The progress on genetic analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Comp Funct Genomics 2010:57513. [PMID: 18288251 PMCID: PMC2233780 DOI: 10.1155/2007/57513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is one of the most common cancers in Southeast Asia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the tumorigenesis of NPC, most notably the consumption of certain salted food items and Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review will focus on the current progress of the genetic analysis of NPC (genetic susceptibilities and somatic alterations). We will review the current advances in genomic technologies and their shaping of the future direction of NPC research.
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Diercks T, AB E, Daniels MA, de Jong RN, Besseling R, Kaptein R, Folkers GE. Solution structure and characterization of the DNA-binding activity of the B3BP-Smr domain. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:1156-70. [PMID: 18804481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The MutS1 protein recognizes unpaired bases and initiates mismatch repair, which are essential for high-fidelity DNA replication. The homologous MutS2 protein does not contribute to mismatch repair, but suppresses homologous recombination. MutS2 lacks the damage-recognition domain of MutS1, but contains an additional C-terminal extension: the small MutS-related (Smr) domain. This domain, which is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, has previously been reported to bind to DNA and to possess nicking endonuclease activity. We determine here the solution structure of the functionally active Smr domain of the Bcl3-binding protein (also known as Nedd4-binding protein 2), a protein with unknown function that lacks other domains present in MutS proteins. The Smr domain adopts a two-layer alpha-beta sandwich fold, which has a structural similarity to the C-terminal domain of IF3, the R3H domain, and the N-terminal domain of DNase I. The most conserved residues are located in three loops that form a contiguous, exposed, and positively charged surface with distinct sequence identity for prokaryotic and eukaryotic Smr domains. NMR titration experiments and DNA binding studies using Bcl3-binding protein-Smr domain mutants suggested that these most conserved loop regions participate in DNA binding to single-stranded/double-stranded DNA junctions. Based on the observed DNA-binding-induced multimerization, the structural similarity with both subdomains of DNase I, and the experimentally identified DNA-binding surface, we propose a model for DNA recognition by the Smr domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammo Diercks
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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