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Samuels TL, Blaine‐Sauer S, Yan K, Johnston N. Amprenavir inhibits pepsin-mediated laryngeal epithelial disruption and E-cadherin cleavage in vitro. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:953-962. [PMID: 37621274 PMCID: PMC10446255 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) causes chronic cough, throat clearing, hoarseness, and dysphagia and can promote laryngeal carcinogenesis. More than 20% of the US population suffers from LPR and there is no effective medical therapy. Pepsin is a predominant source of damage during LPR which disrupts laryngeal barrier function potentially via E-cadherin cleavage proteolysis and downstream matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dysregulation. Fosamprenavir (FDA-approved HIV therapeutic and prodrug of amprenavir) is a pepsin-inhibiting LPR therapeutic candidate shown to rescue damage in an LPR mouse model. This study aimed to examine amprenavir protection against laryngeal monolayer disruption and related E-cadherin proteolysis and MMP dysregulation in vitro. Methods Laryngeal (TVC HPV) cells were exposed to buffered saline, pH 7.4 or pH 4 ± 1 mg/mL pepsin ± amprenavir (10-60 min). Analysis was performed by microscopy, Western blot, and real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Amprenavir (1 μM) rescued pepsin acid-mediated cell dissociation (p < .05). Pepsin acid caused E-cadherin cleavage indicative of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) and increased MMP-1,3,7,9,14 24-h postexposure (p < .05). Acid alone did not cause cell dissociation or E-cadherin cleavage. Amprenavir (10 μM) protected against E-cadherin cleavage and MMP-1,9,14 induction (p < .05). Conclusions Amprenavir, at serum concentrations achievable provided the manufacturer's recommended dose of fosamprenavir for HIV, protects against pepsin-mediated cell dissociation, E-cadherin cleavage, and MMP dysregulation thought to contribute to barrier dysfunction and related symptoms during LPR. Fosamprenavir to amprenavir conversion by laryngeal epithelia, serum and saliva, and relative drug efficacies in an LPR mouse model are under investigation to inform development of inhaled formulations for LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina L. Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Simon Blaine‐Sauer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Samuels TL, Blaine-Sauer S, Yan K, Plehhova K, Coyle C, Johnston N. Topical Alginate Protection against Pepsin-Mediated Esophageal Damage: E-Cadherin Proteolysis and Matrix Metalloproteinase Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097932. [PMID: 37175640 PMCID: PMC10178445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related to symptom origination, inflammatory remodeling and carcinogenesis. Alginate-based antireflux medications were previously shown to topically protect against peptic barrier disruption, yet the molecular mechanisms of injury and protection were unclear. Herein, Barrett's esophageal (BAR-T) cells were pretreated with buffered saline (HBSS; control), dilute alginate medications (Gaviscon Advance or Gaviscon Double Action, Reckitt Benckiser), a viscosity-matched placebo, or ADAM10 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors before exposure to HBSS pH7.4 or pH4 ± 1 mg/mL pepsin for 10-60 min. Cell viability was assessed by ATP assay; mediators of epithelial integrity, E-cadherin, ADAM10, and MMPs were examined by Western blot and qPCR. Alginate rescued peptic reduction of cell viability (p < 0.0001). Pepsin-pH4 yielded E-cadherin fragments indicative of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) which was not rescued by inhibitors of known E-cadherin sheddases. Transcriptional targets of E-cadherin RIP fragments were elevated at 24 h (MMP-1,2,9,14; p < 0.01). Alginate rescued E-cadherin cleavage, ADAM10 maturation, and MMP induction (p < 0.01). Results support RIP as a novel mechanism of peptic injury during GERD. Alginate residue after wash-out to mimic physiologic esophageal clearance conferred lasting protection against pepsin-induced molecular mechanisms that may exacerbate GERD severity and promote carcinogenesis in the context of weakly acidic reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina L Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | | | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Blaine-Sauer S, Samuels TL, Yan K, Johnston N. The Protease Inhibitor Amprenavir Protects against Pepsin-Induced Esophageal Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Cancer-Associated Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076765. [PMID: 37047737 PMCID: PMC10095080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) significantly impacts patient quality of life and is a major risk factor for the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the standard-of-care for GERD and are among the most prescribed drugs in the world, but do not protect against nonacid components of reflux such as pepsin, or prevent reflux-associated carcinogenesis. We recently identified an HIV protease inhibitor amprenavir that inhibits pepsin and demonstrated the antireflux therapeutic potential of its prodrug fosamprenavir in a mouse model of laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this study, we assessed the capacity of amprenavir to protect against esophageal epithelial barrier disruption in vitro and related molecular events, E-cadherin cleavage, and matrix metalloproteinase induction, which are associated with GERD severity and esophageal cancer. Herein, weakly acidified pepsin (though not acid alone) caused cell dissociation accompanied by regulated intramembrane proteolysis of E-cadherin. Soluble E-cadherin responsive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were transcriptionally upregulated 24 h post-treatment. Amprenavir, at serum concentrations achievable given the manufacturer-recommended dose of fosamprenavir, protected against pepsin-induced cell dissociation, E-cadherin cleavage, and MMP induction. These results support a potential therapeutic role for amprenavir in GERD recalcitrant to PPI therapy and for preventing GERD-associated neoplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blaine-Sauer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina L. Samuels
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nikki Johnston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Ito K, Kitajima Y, Kai K, Matsufuji S, Yamada K, Egawa N, Kitagawa H, Okuyama K, Tanaka T, Noshiro H. Matrix metalloproteinase‑1 expression is regulated by HIF‑1‑dependent and epigenetic mechanisms and serves a tumor‑suppressive role in gastric cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:102. [PMID: 34738626 PMCID: PMC8577796 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix and is known to promote cancer invasion. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role of MMP-1 in gastric cancer cells and analyze the association between MMP-1 expression and the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients. In the present study, hypoxia accelerated invasion, accompanied by elevated MMP-1 expression in the gastric cancer cell line 58As9. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) knock- down in 58As9 cells reduced MMP-1 expression under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A restored MMP-1 expression in the MMP-1-deficient cell lines MKN45 and MKN74. These results indicated that MMP-1 expression was controlled by both HIF-1α-dependent and epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, MMP-1 knockdown impaired the hypoxia-induced invasiveness of 58As9 cells, implicating MMP-1 in the elevated invasion. By contrast, knockdown enhanced the proliferative ability of 58As9 cells, whereby expression of cell cycle-related genes was subsequently altered. In nude mouse models, the knockdown accelerated the growth of xenograft tumor and the development of peritoneal dissemination. In an immunohistochemical study using 161 surgically resected cancer tissues, the Ki67 score was significantly higher in the group with low MMP-1 expression (P<0.001). Disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were both significantly reduced in patients with low MMP-1 expression (log-rank test; DFS: P=0.005; DSS: P=0.022). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MMP-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and DSS [DFS: HR=2.11 (1.22–3.92) P=0.005, DSS: HR=2.90 (1.23–8.50) P=0.012]. In conclusion, the present study indicated that MMP-1 may serve as a tumor-suppressive factor that inhibits gastric cancer progression, although it promoted invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kitajima
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, Miyaki, Saga 849‑0101, Japan
| | - Keita Kai
- Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsufuji
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
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Argote Camacho AX, González Ramírez AR, Pérez Alonso AJ, Rejón García JD, Olivares Urbano MA, Torné Poyatos P, Ríos Arrabal S, Núñez MI. Metalloproteinases 1 and 3 as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169012. [PMID: 34445715 PMCID: PMC8396449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally and was the leading cause of cancer death in women in Spain in 2020. Early diagnosis is one of the most effective methods to lower the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer. The human metalloproteinases (MMP) mainly function as proteolytic enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix and plays important roles in most steps of breast tumorigenesis. This retrospective cohort study shows the immunohistochemical expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in 154 women with breast cancer and 42 women without tumor disease. The samples of breast tissue are assessed using several tissue matrices (TMA). The percentages of staining (≤50%–>50%) and intensity levels of staining (weak, moderate, or intense) are considered. The immunohistochemical expression of the MMP-1-intensity (p = 0.043) and MMP-3 percentage (p = 0.018) and intensity, (p = 0.025) present statistically significant associations with the variable group (control–case); therefore, expression in the tumor tissue samples of these MMPs may be related to the development of breast cancer. The relationships between these MMPs and some clinicopathological factors in breast cancer are also evaluated but no correlation is found. These results suggest the use of MMP-1 and MMP-3 as potential biomarkers of breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Torné Poyatos
- Department of Surgery and Its Specialties, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Sandra Ríos Arrabal
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.R.A.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-242077 (S.R.A.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.A.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-242077 (S.R.A.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
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Impact of Deoxycholic Acid on Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Invasion: Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218042. [PMID: 33126685 PMCID: PMC7672620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in the development of oesophagitis, Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, whether BAs promote cancer invasiveness has not been elucidated. We evaluated the role of BAs, in particular deoxycholic acid (DCA), in OAC invasion. Migration and invasiveness in untreated and BA-treated oesophageal SKGT-4 cancer cells were evaluated. Activity and expression of different matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined by zymography, ELISA, PCR and Western blot. Finally, human OAC tissues were stained for MMP-10 by immunohistochemistry. It was found that SKGT-4 cells incubated with low concentrations of DCA had a significant increase in invasion. In addition, MMP-10 mRNA and protein expression were also increased in the presence of DCA. MMP-10 was found to be highly expressed both in-vitro and in-vivo in neoplastic OAC cells relative to non-neoplastic squamous epithelial cells. Our results show that DCA promotes OAC invasion and MMP-10 overexpression. This study will advance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in human OAC and shows promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Tan MC, Mansour N, White DL, Sisson A, El-Serag HB, Thrift AP. Systematic review with meta-analysis: prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:20-36. [PMID: 32452599 PMCID: PMC7293564 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportions of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) diagnosed by Barrett's oesophagus surveillance or with pre-existing Barrett's oesophagus are unclear. AIM To estimate the prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis among patients with OAC or oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas (OGJAC). METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase to identify studies published 1966-1/8/2020 that examined the prevalence of prior (≥6 months) or concurrent Barrett's diagnosis (at cancer diagnosis) among OAC and OGJAC patients. Random effects models estimated overall and stratified pooled prevalence rates. RESULTS A total of 69 studies, including 33 002 OAC patients (53 studies) and 2712 patients with OGJAC (28 studies) were included. The pooled prevalence of prior Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis in OAC was 11.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4%-15.6%). The prevalence of prior Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis was higher in single-centre resection studies (16.0%, 95% CI 8.7%-24.9%) than population-based cancer registry studies (8.4%, 95% CI 5.5%-11.9%). The prevalence of concurrent Barrett's oesophagus in OAC was 56.6% (95% CI 48.5%-64.6%). Studies with 100% early stage OAC had higher prevalence of concurrent Barrett's oesophagus (91.3%, 95% CI 82.4%-97.6%) than studies with <50% early OAC (39.7%, 95% CI 33.7%-45.9%). In OGJAC, the prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus was 23.2% (95% CI 7.5%-44.0%) and 26.3% (95% CI 17.8%-35.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with OAC have Barrett's oesophagus. Our meta-analysis found ~12% of OAC patients had prior Barrett's diagnosis, but concurrent Barrett's oesophagus was found in ~57% at the time of OAC diagnosis. This represents a considerable missed opportunity for Barrett's oesophagus screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi C. Tan
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nabil Mansour
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna L. White
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy Sisson
- The Texas Medical Center Library, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Wang K, Zheng J, Yu J, Wu Y, Guo J, Xu Z, Sun X. Knockdown of MMP‑1 inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/c‑myc signaling pathway and EMT. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1103-1112. [PMID: 32323782 PMCID: PMC7057971 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the development of colorectal cancer and reveal the mechanism underlying this progression. Bioinformatics methods and a public dataset were first used to analyze MMP-1 gene expression in a public dataset. MMP-1 expression in colorectal cancer patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry; its association with clinicopathological parameters and its significance for prognosis were analyzed. Then proliferation, scratch and Transwell assays and a xenograft model were used to assess the change in malignant behavior in cells transfected with an MMP-1 shRNA. Changes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Akt signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. According to the results, MMP-1 expression was higher in colorectal cancer tissues than it was in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues, and its high expression was significantly related to lymphatic metastasis as well as TNM stage (P<0.05). Downregulation of MMP-1 expression inhibited the progression of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, after the cells were stably transfected with MMP-1 shRNA, the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Twist1 decreased while that of E-cadherin increased. The expression of p-Akt and c-Myc also decreased. In conclusion, MMP-1 may promote malignant behavior in colorectal cancer via EMT and the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Bibby BAS, Miranda CS, Reynolds JV, Cawthorne CJ, Maher SG. Silencing microRNA-330-5p increases MMP1 expression and promotes an invasive phenotype in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:784. [PMID: 31391080 PMCID: PMC6686260 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) present with advanced disease and approximately half present with metastatic disease. Patients with localised disease, who are managed with curative intent, frequently undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Unfortunately, ~ 70% of patients have little or no response to chemoradiotherapy. We previously identified miR-330-5p as being the most significantly downregulated microRNA in the pre-treatment OAC tumours of non-responders to treatment, but that loss of miR-330-5p had a limited impact on sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation in vitro. Here, we further examined the impact of miR-330-5p loss on OAC biology. METHODS miR-330-5p was suppressed in OE33 OAC cells following stable transfection of a vector-driven anti-sense RNA. Whole transcriptome digital RNA-Seq was employed to identify miR-330-5p regulated genes, and qPCR was used for validation. Protein expression was assessed by protein array, Western blotting and zymography. Invasive potential was measured using a transwell assay system. Tumour xenograft growth profile studies were performed in immunocompromised CD1 mice. RESULTS In OE33 cells, suppression of miR-330-5p significantly altered expression of 42 genes, and several secreted proteases. MMP1 gene expression and protein secretion was significantly enhanced with miR-330-5p suppression. This corresponded to enhanced collagen invasion in vitro. In vivo, OE33-derived tumour xenografts with miR-330-5p suppression grew faster than controls. CONCLUSIONS Loss of miR-330-5p expression in OAC tumours may influence tumour cell invasive capacity, tumour growth and therapeutic sensitivity via alterations to the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky A S Bibby
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Cecelia S Miranda
- PET Imaging Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen G Maher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Creemers A, Ebbing EA, Pelgrim TC, Lagarde SM, van Etten-Jamaludin FS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hulshof MCCM, Krishnadath KK, Meijer SL, Bijlsma MF, van Oijen MGH, van Laarhoven HWM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic biomarkers in resectable esophageal adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13281. [PMID: 30185893 PMCID: PMC6125467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is lagging behind in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To guide the development of new treatment strategies, we provide an overview of the prognostic biomarkers in resectable EAC treated with curative intent. The Medline, Cochrane and EMBASE databases were systematically searched, focusing on overall survival (OS). The quality of the studies was assessed using a scoring system ranging from 0-7 points based on modified REMARK criteria. To evaluate all identified prognostic biomarkers, the hallmarks of cancer were adapted to fit all biomarkers based on their biological function in EAC, resulting in the features angiogenesis, cell adhesion and extra-cellular matrix remodeling, cell cycle, immune, invasion and metastasis, proliferation, and self-renewal. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived by random effects meta-analyses performed on each hallmarks of cancer feature. Of the 3298 unique articles identified, 84 were included, with a mean quality of 5.9 points (range 3.5-7). The hallmarks of cancer feature 'immune' was most significantly associated with worse OS (HR 1.88, (95%CI 1.20-2.93)). Of the 82 unique prognostic biomarkers identified, meta-analyses showed prominent biomarkers, including COX-2, PAK-1, p14ARF, PD-L1, MET, LC3B, IGFBP7 and LGR5, associated to each hallmark of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Creemers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Pelgrim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faridi S van Etten-Jamaludin
- Department of Medical Library Science, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten C C M Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G H van Oijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Garalla HM, Lertkowit N, Tiszlavicz L, Reisz Z, Holmberg C, Beynon R, Simpson D, Varga A, Kumar JD, Dodd S, Pritchard DM, Moore AR, Rosztóczy AI, Wittman T, Simpson A, Dockray GJ, Varro A. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: expression, metabolism, and functional significance. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13683. [PMID: 29845775 PMCID: PMC5974721 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, unlike many MMPs, is typically expressed in epithelial cells. It has been linked to epithelial responses to infection, injury, and tissue remodeling including the progression of a number of cancers. We have now examined how MMP-7 expression changes in the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and have studied mechanisms regulating its expression and its functional significance. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP-7 was weakly expressed in normal squamous epithelium adjacent to EAC but was abundant in epithelial cells in both preneoplastic lesions of Barrett's esophagus and EAC particularly at the invasive front. In the stroma, putative myofibroblasts expressing MMP-7 were abundant at the invasive front but were scarce or absent in adjacent tissue. Western blot and ELISA revealed high constitutive secretion of proMMP-7 in an EAC cell line (OE33) that was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C, or MAP kinase activation. There was detectable proMMP-7 in cultured esophageal myofibroblasts but it was undetectable in media. Possible metabolism of MMP-7 by myofibroblasts studied by proteomic analysis indicated degradation via extensive endopeptidase, followed by amino- and carboxpeptidase, cleavages. Myofibroblasts exhibited increased migration and invasion in response to conditioned media from OE33 cells that was reduced by MMP-7 knockdown and immunoneutralization. Thus, MMP-7 expression increases at the invasive front in EAC which may be partly attributable to activation of PI 3-kinase. Secreted MMP-7 may modify the tumor microenvironment by stimulating stromal cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. Garalla
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Nantaporn Lertkowit
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | | | - Zita Reisz
- Department of PathologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Chris Holmberg
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Rob Beynon
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Deborah Simpson
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Akos Varga
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Steven Dodd
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - David Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | | | - Tibor Wittman
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Alec Simpson
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Graham J. Dockray
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited kingdom
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12
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Wang J, Ye C, Lu D, Chen Y, Jia Y, Ying X, Xiong H, Zhao W, Zhou J, Wang L. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in breast carcinoma: a marker for unfavorable prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91379-91390. [PMID: 29207651 PMCID: PMC5710931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) is a member of the matrix metalloproteinases family, and its aberrant expression is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between MMP1 abnormal expression and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, we conducted immunohistochemistry in breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues, and mined the transcriptional and survival data of MMP1 in breast cancer patients through Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, bc-GenExMiner, COSMIC and cBioPortal databases. First, we found that both protein and mRNA levels of MMP1 expression were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues. Second, high MMP1 mRNA expression correlated with worse overall survival among grade II (HR = 1.75; p = 0.011), nodal-negative (HR = 2.00; p = 0.00028), ER-positive (HR = 1.61; p = 0.00027) and HER2-negative (HR = 3.17; p = 0.029) patients with breast cancer by using Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Third, the overexpression of MMP1 was associated with unfavorable survival results including overall survival (HR = 1.6; p = 1.6e-05), relapse free survival (HR = 1.78; p < 1e-16) and distant metastasis free survival (HR = 1.65; p = 5.3e-05) in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, the expression status of MMP1 is a significant prognostic indicator and a potential drug target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Chenyang Ye
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Demin Lu
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xiaogang Ying
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
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13
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Peng D, Guo Y, Chen H, Zhao S, Washington K, Hu T, Shyr Y, El-Rifai W. Integrated molecular analysis reveals complex interactions between genomic and epigenomic alterations in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40729. [PMID: 28102292 PMCID: PMC5244375 DOI: 10.1038/srep40729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is rapidly rising in the United States and Western countries. In this study, we carried out an integrative molecular analysis to identify interactions between genomic and epigenomic alterations in regulating gene expression networks in EAC. We detected significant alterations in DNA copy numbers (CN), gene expression levels, and DNA methylation profiles. The integrative analysis demonstrated that altered expression of 1,755 genes was associated with changes in CN or methylation. We found that expression alterations in 84 genes were associated with changes in both CN and methylation. These data suggest a strong interaction between genetic and epigenetic events to modulate gene expression in EAC. Of note, bioinformatics analysis detected a prominent K-RAS signature and predicted activation of several important transcription factor networks, including β-catenin, MYB, TWIST1, SOX7, GATA3 and GATA6. Notably, we detected hypomethylation and overexpression of several pro-inflammatory genes such as COX2, IL8 and IL23R, suggesting an important role of epigenetic regulation of these genes in the inflammatory cascade associated with EAC. In summary, this integrative analysis demonstrates a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms providing several novel insights for our understanding of molecular events in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - TianLing Hu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 1 improves the detection and survival prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30057. [PMID: 27436512 PMCID: PMC4951749 DOI: 10.1038/srep30057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify noninvasive protein markers capable of detecting the presence and prognosis of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). Analyzing microarray expression data collected from 17-pair ESCC specimens, we identified one protein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), as a possibly useful marker. Plasma MMP1 was then measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 210 ESCC patients and 197 healthy controls. ESCC patients had higher mean levels of MMP1 than controls (8.7 ± 7.5 vs. 6.7 ± 4.9 ng/mL, p < 0.0001). Using the highest quartile level (9.67 ng/mL) as cut-off, we found a 9.0-fold risk of ESCC in those with higher plasma MMP1 after adjusting for covariates (95% confidence interval = 2.2, 36.0). Heavy smokers and heavy drinkers with higher plasma MMP1 had 61.4- and 31.0 times the risk, respectively, than non-users with lower MMP1. In the survival analysis, compared to those with MMP1 ≤ 9.67 ng/mL, ESCC patients with MMP1 > 9.67 ng/mL had a 48% increase in the risk of ESCC death (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.04-2.10). In conclusion, plasma MMP1 may serve as a noninvasive marker of detecting the presence and predicting the survival of ESCC.
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15
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The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:5337-5349. [PMID: 26923327 PMCID: PMC5003768 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease, ranking sixth among all cancers in mortality. Despite incremental advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, esophageal cancer still carries a poor prognosis, and thus there remains a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. There is accumulating evidence that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition of esophageal cancer requires attention to not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which contains diverse cell populations, signaling factors, and structural molecules that interact with tumor cells and support all stages of tumorigenesis. In esophageal cancer, environmental exposures can trigger chronic inflammation, which leads to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that promote survival and proliferation. Anti-tumor immunity is attenuated by cell populations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoints like programmed death-1 (PD-1). Other immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages can have other pro-tumorigenic functions, including the induction of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete growth factors and alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a tumor niche and enhance tumor cell migration and metastasis. Further study of how these TME components relate to the different stages of tumor progression in each esophageal cancer subtype will lead to development of novel and specific TME-targeting therapeutic strategies, which offer considerable potential especially in the setting of combination therapy.
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16
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Kit O, Vodolazhskiy D, Kolesnikov E, Timoshkina N. Epigenetic markers of esophageal cancer: DNA methylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:520-526. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of esophageal cancer with a constant tendency to increase the incidence of growth on the background of the high mortality, which makes particularly the development of new biomarkers that complement and improve the early diagnosis of this disease. Despite the impressive number of studies in routine clinical practice is used only marker of esophageal cancer – ERBB2/HER2 status. This review summarizes data on the identified epigenetic markers of the aberrant methylation of the genome, which may be useful for early detection of esophageal cancer, prognosis estimation and / or prediction of response to treatment. The development of new high-tech genome-wide screening, such as beadarray and immunoprecipitation sequencing method used for the wideband genotyping, but for the analysis of transcriptome and metilom, provides a comprehensive picture of genetic and epigenetic changes during tumorigenesis. Note the need to verify the most biomarkers on large representative samples for the development of valid diagnostic panels, suitable for large-scale screening of risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Cancer Research Institute, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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17
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McCormick Matthews LH, Noble F, Tod J, Jaynes E, Harris S, Primrose JN, Ottensmeier C, Thomas GJ, Underwood TJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers in resected oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:107-18. [PMID: 26110972 PMCID: PMC4647536 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is one of the fastest rising malignancies with continued poor prognosis. Many studies have proposed novel biomarkers but, to date, no immunohistochemical markers of survival after oesophageal resection have entered clinical practice. Here, we systematically review and meta-analyse the published literature, to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS Relevant articles were identified via Ovid medline 1946-2013. For inclusion, studies had to conform to REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer (REMARK) prognostic study criteria. The primary end-point was a pooled hazard ratio (HR) and variance, summarising the effect of marker expression on prognosis. RESULTS A total of 3059 articles were identified. After exclusion of irrelevant titles and abstracts, 214 articles were reviewed in full. Nine molecules had been examined in more than one study (CD3, CD8, COX-2, EGFR, HER2, Ki67, LgR5, p53 and VEGF) and were meta-analysed. Markers with largest survival effects were COX-2 (HR=2.47, confidence interval (CI)=1.15-3.79), CD3 (HR=0.51, 95% CI=0.32-0.70), CD8 (HR=0.55, CI=0.31-0.80) and EGFR (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.14-2.16). DISCUSSION Current methods have not delivered clinically useful molecular prognostic biomarkers in OAC. We have highlighted the paucity of good-quality robust studies in this field. A genome-to-protein approach would be better suited for the development and subsequent validation of biomarkers. Large collaborative projects with standardised methodology will be required to generate clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H McCormick Matthews
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - F Noble
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J Tod
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E Jaynes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S Harris
- Public Health Sciences and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J N Primrose
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - G J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - T J Underwood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building, MP824, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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18
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Liu MT, Chen MK, Huang CC, Huang CY. Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers and Implication for Molecular Targeted Therapies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update in an Era of New Targeted Molecules Development. World J Oncol 2015; 6:243-261. [PMID: 29147412 PMCID: PMC5649942 DOI: 10.14740/wjon610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC.,Department of Medicine, Chang Shan Medical University, 110 Section 1, Chien- Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, ROC.,Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC
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19
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Wang B, Zou Q, Sun M, Chen J, Wang T, Bai Y, Chen Z, Chen B, Zhou M. Reversion of trichostatin A resistance via inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2015-22. [PMID: 25224651 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment to successful chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. We investigated the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition by wnt-c59 on chemoresistance in a trichostatin A-resistant Panc-1 cell line (Panc-1/TSA). Panc-1/TSA cells were treated with the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling inhibitor wnt-c59 (10 µmol · l-1) and/or trichostatin A (TSA; 10 µmol · l-1) for 24 h. CCK-8 assay was utilized to analyze the interactive effect of TSA and wnt-c59 on induction of apoptosis of the Panc-1/TSA cells. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess Wnt/β-catenin signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to detect the cell migration ability. After wnt-c59 treatment for 24 h, relative genes and transcriptional targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were downregulated (P<0.05). CCK-8 assay indicated that the combination of TSA and wnt-c59 had a synergistic effect on induction of Panc-1/TSA cell apoptosis. As detected by FACS, cell apoptosis rates increased significantly (P<0.05). The results of RTCA showed that the cell indices of the control group, wnt-c59 group, TSA group and TSA+wnt-c59 combination group were 1.2842±0.0257, 1.2155±0.0282, 1.2533±0.0194 and 0.8541±0.0250, respectively. In accordance, MMP-9 protein in the wnt-c59 treatment groups was decreased compared to the non-wnt-c59 treatment groups. Meanwhile, E-cadherin protein was upregulated and vimentin protein was downregulated, both of which are characteristic markers of EMT. Chemoresistant gene MDR1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the wnt-c59 treatment groups had a reduced expression compared to the non-wnt-c59 treatment groups. This study revealed that TSA sensitivity, migration ability, and the EMT phenotype in Panc-1/TSA cells were reversed following Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benquan Wang
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zongjing Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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20
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O'Sullivan KE, Phelan JJ, O'Hanlon C, Lysaght J, O'Sullivan JN, Reynolds JV. The role of inflammation in cancer of the esophagus. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:749-60. [PMID: 24857183 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.913478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. The overall prognosis is poor, with 5-year survival ranges of approximately 15-25%, and 30-50% for patients who can be treated with curative intent. There has been a marked increase in incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma over the last 30 years, with chronic and severe reflux, diet and obesity identified as principal factors fuelling this rise in the West. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is an exemplar model of an inflammation-associated cancer. The key molecular pathways driving tumor development and influencing tumor biology are the subject of considerable research efforts, and is the principal focus of this review. In addition, the diverse range of changes occurring in the local immune response, tissue microenvironment, metabolic profile, intracellular signaling mechanisms and microRNA signatures are discussed, as well as novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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21
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Grimm M, Cetindis M, Lehmann M, Biegner T, Munz A, Teriete P, Kraut W, Reinert S. Association of cancer metabolism-related proteins with oral carcinogenesis - indications for chemoprevention and metabolic sensitizing of oral squamous cell carcinoma? J Transl Med 2014; 12:208. [PMID: 25048361 PMCID: PMC4110933 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metabolism is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, TKTL1), mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n = 5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n = 11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n = 35), and OSCC specimen (n = 42) by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis in OSCC cell lines. Metabolism-related proteins were correlated with proliferation activity (Ki-67) and apoptotic properties (TUNEL assay) in OSCC. Specificity of antibodies was confirmed by western blotting in cancer cell lines. Results Expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins (GLUT-1, HK 2, LDHA, TKTL1), and mitochondrial enzymes (SDHA, SDHB, ATP synthase) were significantly increased in the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Metabolic active regions of OSCC were strongly correlated with proliferating cancer (Ki-67+) cells without detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of the expression of IGF-R1, glycolysis-related proteins GLUT-1, HK 2, PFK-1, LDHA, and TKTL1, as well as mitochondrial enzymes SDHA, SDHB, and ATP synthase in the multi-step carcinogenesis of OSCC. Both, hypoxia-related glucose metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation characteristics are associated with the carcinogenesis of OSCC. Acidosis and OXPHOS may drive a metabolic shift towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Therefore, inhibition of the PPP, glycolysis, and targeted anti-mitochondrial therapies (ROS generation) by natural compounds or synthetic vitamin derivatives may act as sensitizer for apoptosis in cancer cells mediated by adjuvant therapies in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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Association between promoters polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases and risk of digestive cancers: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1433-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shah AK, Saunders NA, Barbour AP, Hill MM. Early diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal adenocarcinoma--the current state of play. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1185-209. [PMID: 23576690 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the two most common types of esophageal cancer with alarming increase in incidence and very poor prognosis. Aiming to detect EAC early, currently high-risk patients are monitored using an endoscopic-biopsy approach. However, this approach is prone to sampling error and interobserver variability. Diagnostic tissue biomarkers related to genomic and cell-cycle abnormalities have shown promising results, although with current technology these tests are difficult to implement in the screening of high-risk patients for early neoplastic changes. Differential miRNA profiles and aberrant protein glycosylation in tissue samples have been reported to improve performance of existing tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers. In contrast to tissue biomarkers, circulating biomarkers are more amenable to population-screening strategies, due to the ease and low cost of testing. Studies have already shown altered circulating glycans and DNA methylation in BE/EAC, whereas disease-associated changes in circulating miRNA remain to be determined. Future research should focus on identification and validation of these circulating biomarkers in large-scale trials to develop in vitro diagnostic tools to screen population at risk for EAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kishorkumar Shah
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor expression a potential Achilles’ heel of CD44+ oral squamous cell carcinoma cells? Target Oncol 2013; 8:189-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Increased LDH5 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012. [PMID: 23184277 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) account for more than 90 % of all oral malignant lesions. Lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5) has the highest efficiency among all other isoenzymes to catalyse pyruvate transformation to lactate and is significantly overexpressed in several different tumour entities. LDH5 overexpression confers an advantage on malignant cells, allows them to grow faster, and to metastasize. No data regarding LDH5 expression and OSCC outcome are available. Expression of LDH5 was analysed in OSCC specimen (n = 191) and cancer cell lines (BICR3, BICR56) by immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, and western blotting. Scanned images were digitally analysed using ImageJ and the immunomembrane plug-in. LDH5 expression on protein level was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and impact on survival. LDH5 was co-labelled with glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), Ki-67, and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) in immunohistochemical double staining experiments. Expression subgroups were identified by receiver operating characteristics analysis. LDH5 expression was significantly associated with tumour progression, and recurrence of the tumour. Multivariate analysis demonstrated LDH5 expression as an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.0001). Immunohistochemical double staining experiments revealed LDH5 expression by cancer cells in association with glucose uptake (GLUT-1), proliferation (Ki-67), and hypoxia (HIF-1α). LDH5 specificity was confirmed by western blot and RT-PCR analysis. For the first time, this study provides evidence that LDH5 expression in OSCC might be associated with tumour formation and metastasis in a large patient cohort. Therefore, adjuvant therapies targeting glucose metabolism might be promising for therapy of OSCC.
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Grimm M, Krimmel M, Polligkeit J, Alexander D, Munz A, Kluba S, Keutel C, Hoffmann J, Reinert S, Hoefert S. ABCB5 expression and cancer stem cell hypothesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3186-97. [PMID: 22784549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vast majority of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The effectiveness of adjuvant cytostatic chemotherapy for OSCC is frequently restricted due to an inducible cellular mechanism called multidrug resistance (MDR) and a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment in human carcinogenesis expressing multidrug efflux pumps. The novel human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB5 [subfamily B (MDR/TAP) member 5] acts as an energy-dependent drug efflux transporter and marks tumour cells of a putative CSC compartment. However, to date, there is no link between ABCB5 expression and OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of ABCB5 was analysed in OSCC specimen (n=191) and cancer cell lines (BICR3, BICR56) by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and western blotting. Scanned images were digitally analysed using ImageJ and the immunomembrane plug-in. ABCB5 expression on protein level was correlated with clinical characteristics and impact on survival. ABCB5 was co-labelled with CD44 in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labelling experiments. Expression subgroups were identified by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS High ABCB5 expression was significantly associated with tumour progression and recurrence of the tumour. Multivariate analysis demonstrated high ABCB5 expression as an independent prognostic factor (p=0.0004). Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labelling experiments revealed ABCB5 expression by CD44+ cancer cells. ABCB5 specificity was confirmed by western blot and RT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study provides evidence that ABCB5 expression in OSCC might be associated with tumour formation, metastasis and a putative CSC compartment. One of the principal mechanisms for protecting putative cancer stem cells is through the expression of multifunctional efflux transporters from the ABC gene family, like ABCB5. This provides one mechanism in which putative cancer stem cells could survive and may lead to tumour relapse. Knowledge of expression profiles of ABC transporters and other genes involved in MDR will likely help therapeutic optimisation for cancer patients in clinic. However, this hypothesis requires further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Peng HH, Zhang X, Cao PG. MMP-1/PAR-1 signal transduction axis and its prognostic impact in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 45:86-92. [PMID: 22086466 PMCID: PMC3854135 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1)/protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signal transduction axis plays an important role in tumorigenesis. To explore the expression and prognostic value of MMP-1 and PAR-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we evaluated the expression of two proteins in resected specimens from 85 patients with ESCC by immunohistochemistry. Sixty-two (72.9%) and 58 (68.2%) tumors were MMP-1- and PAR-1-positive, respectively, while no significant staining was observed in normal esophageal squamous epithelium. MMP-1 and PAR-1 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and regional lymph node involvement. Patients with MMP-1- and PAR-1-positive tumors, respectively, had poorer disease-free survival (DFS) than those with negative ESCC (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between TNM stage [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.836, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.866-4.308], regional lymph node involvement (HR = 2.955, 95%CI = 1.713-5.068), MMP-1 expression (HR = 2.669, 95%CI = 1.229-6.127), and PAR-1 expression (HR = 1.762, 95%CI = 1.156-2.883) and DFS. Multivariate analysis including the above four parameters identified TNM stage (HR = 2.035, 95%CI = 1.167-3.681), MMP-1 expression (HR = 2.109, 95%CI = 1.293-3.279), and PAR-1 expression (HR = 1.967, 95%CI = 1.256-2.881) as independent and significant prognostic factors for DFS. Our data suggest for the first time that MMP-1 and PAR-1 were both overexpressed in ESCC and are novel predictors of poor patient prognosis after curative resection. The MMP-1/PAR-1 signal transduction axis might be a new therapeutic target for future therapies tailored against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Peng
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Laerum OD, Ovrebo K, Skarstein A, Christensen IJ, Alpízar-Alpízar W, Helgeland L, Danø K, Nielsen BS, Illemann M. Prognosis in adenocarcinomas of lower oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction and cardia evaluated by uPAR-immunohistochemistry. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:558-69. [PMID: 21866548 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of lower oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction and cardia in humans are highly invasive tumours with poor prognosis. The localisation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was determined in 66 patients; 60 with adenocarcinomas and six cases with Barrett's oesophagus. uPAR was expressed in nearly all cases of invasive adenocarcinomas by populations of cancer cells, macrophages and myofibroblasts at both the invasion front and the tumour core. In areas with high-grade dysplasia or with Barrett's metaplasia adjacent to the tumour tissue, no uPAR-immunoreactivity was found. High local expression of uPAR, therefore, appears to be a characteristic marker for invasive behaviour in this tumour, suggesting that uPAR's contribution to matrix degradation during invasive growth is a late event in carcinogenesis. Using a scoring system for semiquantitative estimation of uPAR-positivity on immmunohistochemically stained specimens, a significant association was found between poor overall survival and high uPAR-score for cancer cells in the tumour core and for macrophages peripherally at the tumour invasion zone. In multivariate analysis, these two uPAR-scores were confirmed as highly significant prognostic parameters independent of Tumour, Node, Metastasis (TNM)-stage and World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The proteolytic action of these malignant and nonmalignant accessory cells thus seemed to follow two main patterns: one dominated by uPAR positive cancer cells and one by uPAR-positive macrophages. Scoring of uPAR-positivity might be a useful parameter for onset of invasion and prognosis in these adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Didrik Laerum
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Liao M, Tong P, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Feng X, Hu M, Pan Y. Prognostic Value of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1/ Proteinase-Activated Receptor-1 Signaling Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:397-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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