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The Effect of Spinal Asymmetries on Physical Fitness Parameters in Young Elite Soccer Players. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of spinal asymmetries on specific physical fitness parameters in young elite soccer players. Fifty male soccer players, all members of the under 17 (U17) and 15 (U15) National teams of Cyprus, were initially evaluated for thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and scoliosis asymmetries. Based on the spinal asymmetries’ initial evaluation, soccer players were categorized into the asymmetry group (AG) and normal group (NG) per spinal asymmetry. Hamstring and lower-back flexibility, countermovement jump (CMJ) and lower body isokinetic maximum force were evaluated between AG and NG. CMJ with arm swing was lower in kyphotic posture AG compared with the NG (AG: 41.70 ± 3.59 cm, NG: 44.40 ± 4.34 cm; p = 0.028). Single leg CMJ was lower in both legs in scoliotic posture AG compared with the NG (right: AG: 17.42 ± 1.86 cm, NG: 19.16 ± 2.42 cm, p = 0.008, left: AG: 17.54 ± 1.33 cm, NG: 19.97 ± 2.91 cm; p = 0.002). Sit-and-reach flexibility was lower in scoliotic posture AG (AG: 20.44 ± 5.76 cm, NG: 24.82 ± 6.83 cm; p = 0.024) and higher in lordotic posture AG (AG: 25.95 ± 6.59 cm, NG: 21.73 ± 6.45 cm; p = 0.04) both compared with the NG. No significant difference was found for quadriceps and hamstrings concentric peak torque between the AG and NG (p > 0.05). The current study revealed that kyphotic and scoliotic posture asymmetries deteriorate neuromuscular explosiveness performance and diminish lower limbs’ flexibility in young International-level soccer players.
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Apostolidis A, Mougios V, Smilios I, Hadjicharalambous M. Higher and lower caffeine consumers: exercise performance and biological responses during a simulated soccer-game protocol following caffeine ingestion. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4135-4143. [PMID: 35857131 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research on whether caffeine habituation reduces its ergogenicity is scarce and conflicting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of habitual caffeine consumption on exercise performance and biological responses during a simulated soccer-game protocol following acute caffeine ingestion. METHODS Twenty professional male soccer players were categorized as higher (n = 9) or lower caffeine consumers (n = 11) after answering a validated questionnaire. Participants performed a simulated treadmill soccer-game protocol on treadmill following either caffeine (6 mg kg-1) or placebo ingestion, during which several variables were evaluated. RESULTS Time to exhaustion, countermovement jump height, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma glucose, and lactate were higher (P ≤ 0.001), while rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was lower (P = 0.002), following caffeine compared to placebo ingestion, with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids exhibited a higher response to caffeine in the higher vs lower caffeine consumers. Reaction time, plasma glycerol and epinephrine, carbohydrate and fat oxidation, and energy expenditure were not affected by caffeine (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Caffeine ingestion largely improved cardiovascular and neuromuscular performance, while reducing RPE, in both higher and lower caffeine consuming athletes during prolonged intermitted exercise to exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Apostolidis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Marios Hadjicharalambous
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Apostolidis A, Mougios V, Smilios I, Frangous M, Hadjicharalambous M. Caffeine supplementation is ergogenic in soccer players independent of cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32513182 PMCID: PMC7282184 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equivocal findings examining the influence of caffeine on performance and biological responses to exercise may be due to inter-individual variability in cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness. This study examined whether the effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance and biological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise to exhaustion depend on cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness. Methods Twenty male soccer players, separated according to either cardiorespiratory fitness (high vs medium) or neuromuscular fitness (high vs medium) underwent two trials simulating the cardiovascular demands of a soccer game to exhaustion on treadmill after ingesting either caffeine (6 mg∙kg− 1) or placebo. Physical performance, cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters and blood metabolites were evaluated. Results Time to exhaustion (719 ± 288 vs 469 ± 228 s), jump height (42.7 ± 4.2 vs 38.6 ± 4.4 cm), heart rate (163 ± 12 vs 157 ± 13 b∙min− 1), mean arterial blood pressure (98 ± 8 vs 92 ± 10 mmHg), plasma glucose (5.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.3 ± 0.6 mmol∙l− 1) and lactate (3.3 ± 1.2 vs 2.9 ± 1.2 mmol∙l− 1) were higher, while rating of perceived exertion (12.6 ± 1.7 vs 13.3 ± 1.6) was lower with caffeine vs placebo (p < 0.01), independent of cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness level. Reaction time; plasma glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and epinephrine; carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates; and energy expenditure were not affected by caffeine (p > 0.05). Conclusions Caffeine was effective in improving endurance and neuromuscular performance in athletes with either high or medium cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness. Cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness do not appear to modulate the ergogenic effects of caffeine supplementation in well-trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Apostolidis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Marios Hadjicharalambous
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Caffeine Supplementation: Ergogenic in Both High and Low Caffeine Responders. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:650-657. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Inconsistent results among studies examining the effects of caffeine on exercise performance are potentially due to interindividual variability in biological responses to caffeine ingestion. The aims, therefore, of the present study were to identify high and low caffeine responders and compare the influence of caffeine on exercise performance and biological responses between groups during a simulated soccer-game protocol on treadmill. Methods: Well-trained soccer players were distinguished as high (n = 11) and low (n = 9) caffeine responders based on resting blood pressure, plasma glycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, and epinephrine responses to caffeine. Participants underwent 2 simulated soccer-game protocols on a treadmill after caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo ingestion. Exercise performance and several biological responses were evaluated. Results: Exercise performance did not differ between the high and low responders to caffeine (P > .05). However, time to fatigue (high, caffeine: 797 [201] s vs placebo: 487 [258] s; low, caffeine: 625 [357] s vs placebo 447 [198] s) and countermovement jump (high, caffeine: 42.1 [5.5] cm vs placebo: 40.5 [5.7] cm; low, caffeine: 41.0 [3.8] cm vs placebo: 38.8 [4.6] cm) improved with caffeine relative to placebo (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion was lower (P < .001) in high (13.4 [2.3]) than in low responders (14.3 [2.4]) with caffeine ingestion. Conclusions: Caffeine improved aerobic endurance and neuromuscular performance in well-trained soccer players regardless of their responsiveness to caffeine at rest. Since no changes in substrate utilization were found with caffeine supplementation, performance improvements could be attributed to positive effects on the central nervous system and/or neuromuscular function, although the precise mechanism remains unclear.
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Caffeine Improves Triathlon Performance: A Field Study in Males and Females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:228-237. [PMID: 29345161 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ergogenic effect of caffeine on endurance exercise is commonly accepted. We aimed to elucidate realistically the effect of caffeine on triathlon event performance using a field study design, while allowing investigation into potential mechanisms at play. A double-blind, randomized, crossover field trial was conducted. Twenty-six triathletes (14 males and 12 females; mean ± SD: age = 37.8 ± 10.6 years, habitual caffeine intake = 413 ± 505 mg/day, percentage body fat = 14.5 ± 7.2%, and training/week = 12.8 ± 4.5 hr) participated in this study. Microencapsulated caffeine (6 mg/kg body weight) was supplemented 60 min pretrial. Performance data included time to completion, rating of perceived exertion, and profile of mood states. Blood samples taken before, during, and postrace were analyzed for cortisol, testosterone, and full blood count. Capillary blood lactate concentrations were assessed prerace, during transitions, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min after triathlons. Caffeine supplementation resulted in a 3.7% reduction in swim time (33.5 ± 7.0 vs. 34.8 ± 8.1 min, p < .05) and a 1.3% reduction in time to completion (149.6 ± 19.8 vs. 151.5 ± 18.6 min, p < .05) for the whole group. Gender differences and individual responses are also presented. Caffeine did not alter the rating of perceived exertion significantly, but better performance after caffeine supplementation suggests a central effect resulting in greater overall exercise intensity at the same rating of perceived exertion. Caffeine supplementation was associated with higher postexercise cortisol levels (665 ± 200 vs. 543 ± 169 nmol/L, p < .0001) and facilitated greater peak blood lactate accumulation (analysis of variance main effect, p < .05). We recommend that triathlon athletes with relatively low habitual caffeine intake may ingest 6 mg/kg body weight caffeine, 45-60 min before the start of Olympic-distance triathlon to improve their performance.
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Gilglioni EH, Ghuidotti CM, Vilela VR, Bataglini C, Furlan JP, Berti JA, Pedrosa M, Godoi V. Exercise partially reverses the inhibitory effect of caffeine on liver gluconeogenesis in type 1 diabetic rats with hypoglycemia. Physiol Int 2017; 103:290-299. [PMID: 28229636 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to determine the possible effects of exercise and/or caffeine on hypoglycemia and liver gluconeogenesis in diabetic rats. These were divided into four subgroups: (a) intraperitoneal insulin only, (b) exercise bout before insulin, (c) caffeine after insulin, and (d) exercise bout before and caffeine after insulin. The marked glycemic drop 45 min after insulin (0 min = 229.00, 45 min = 75.75) was considerably reduced (p < 0.05) by caffeine or exercise (45 min: exercise = 127.00, caffeine = 104.78). However, this systemic effect was lost (p > 0.05) when they were combined (45 min: exercise + caffeine = 65.44) (Mean, in mg·dL-1). Caffeine alone strongly inhibited liver glucose production from 2 mM lactate 45 min after insulin (without caffeine = 3.05, with caffeine = 0.27; p < 0.05), while exercise + caffeine partially re-established the liver gluconeogenic capacity (exercise + caffeine = 1.61; p < 0.05 relative to the other groups) (Mean, in μmol·g-1). The improved hypoglycemia with caffeine or exercise cannot be explained by their actions on liver gluconeogenesis. As their beneficial effect disappeared when they were combined, such association in diabetic patients should be avoided during the period of hyperinsulinemia due to the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Gilglioni
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C M Ghuidotti
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - V R Vilela
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C Bataglini
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J P Furlan
- 3 Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J A Berti
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mmd Pedrosa
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vaf Godoi
- 2 Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Solianik R, Skurvydas A, Pukėnas K, Brazaitis M. Comparison of the effects of whole-body cooling during fatiguing exercise in males and females. Cryobiology 2015; 71:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division; US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM); Natick; Massachusetts; USA
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van der Plasse G, Feenstra MGP. WITHDRAWN: Is acute tryptophan depletion a valid method to assess central serotonergic function? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011:S0149-7634(11)00053-4. [PMID: 21435352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey van der Plasse
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrecht,The Netherlands
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