1
|
Hamad MS, Morciano M, Fasano M. Rocket Dynamics of Capped Nanotubes: A Molecular Dynamics Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1134. [PMID: 38998739 PMCID: PMC11243346 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The study of nanoparticle motion has fundamental relevance in a wide range of nanotechnology-based fields. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a powerful tool to elucidate the dynamics of complex systems and derive theoretical models that facilitate the invention and optimization of novel devices. This research contributes to this ongoing effort by investigating the motion of one-end capped carbon nanotubes within an aqueous environment through extensive molecular dynamics simulations. By exposing the carbon nanotubes to localized heating, propelled motion with velocities reaching up to ≈0.08 nm ps-1 was observed. Through systematic exploration of various parameters such as temperature, nanotube diameter, and size, we were able to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving propulsion. Our findings demonstrate that the propulsive motion predominantly arises from a rocket-like mechanism facilitated by the progressive evaporation of water molecules entrapped within the carbon nanotube. Therefore, this study focuses on the complex interplay between nanoscale geometry, environmental conditions, and propulsion mechanisms in capped nanotubes, providing relevant insights into the design and optimization of nanoscale propulsion systems with various applications in nanotechnology and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Hamad
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Morciano
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Fasano
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Young HL, Gomez ED, Schaak RE. Thermally Induced Domain Migration and Interfacial Restructuring in Cation Exchanged ZnS-Cu 1.8S Heterostructured Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23321-23333. [PMID: 37818621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Partial cation exchange reactions can be used to rationally design and synthesize heterostructured nanoparticles that are useful targets for applications in photocatalysis, nanophotonics, thermoelectrics, and medicine. Such reactions introduce intraparticle frameworks that define the spatial arrangements of different materials within a heterostructured nanoparticle, as well as the orientations and locations of their interfaces. Here, we show that upon heating to temperatures relevant to their synthesis and applications, the ZnS regions and Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces of heterostructured ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods migrate and restructure. We first use partial cation exchange reactions to synthesize a library of seven distinct samples containing various patches, bands, and tips of ZnS embedded within Cu1.8S nanorods. Upon annealing in solution or in air, ex situ TEM analysis shows evidence that the ZnS domains migrate in different ways, depending upon their sizes and locations. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we correlate the threshold temperature for ZnS migration to the superionic transition temperature of Cu1.8S, which facilitates rapid diffusion throughout the nanorods. We then use in situ thermal TEM to study the evolution of individual ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods upon heating. We find that ZnS domain migration occurs through a ripening process that minimizes small patches with higher-energy interfaces in favor of larger bands and tips having lower-energy interfaces, as well as through restructuring of higher-energy Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces. Notably, Cu1.8S nanorods containing multiple patches of ZnS thermally transform into ZnS-Cu1.8S heterostructured nanorods having ZnS tips and/or central bands, which provides mechanistic insights into how these commonly observed products form during synthesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Distribution of atomic chain lengths: Effect of local temperature profile. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Karmakar R, Chakrabarti J. A long-range order in a thermally driven system with temperature-dependent interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:867-876. [PMID: 35001096 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of macro-molecules under an external force is far from being understood. An important driving situation is achieved by temperature difference. Inter-particle interactions in metallic nanoparticles with ligand capping are reported to be sensitive to temperature and the zeta potential of the particles being reduced in the cold region. Such particles form aggregates in the cold region of the system in the presence of temperature difference. Here we study the aggregation of particles in the presence of temperature difference with temperature-dependent interaction parameters using Brownian dynamics simulation. The particle interaction and particle diffusion are considered to be sensitive to the local temperature. We identify a long-range structural order in the cold region of the system using the Avrami equation for crystal growth kinetics. Our observations might be useful in designing ordered structures with macro-molecules under non-equilibrium steady-state conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Karmakar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - J Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Wang L, Hu Z. The speed-locking effect of particles on a graphene layer with travelling surface wave. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 33112999 PMCID: PMC7593379 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fast diffusion induced by thermal fluctuation and vibration has been detected at nanoscales. In this paper, the movement of particle on a graphene layer with travelling surface wave is studied by molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical model. It is proved that the particle will keep moving at the wave speed with certain prerequisite conditions, namely speed-locking effect. By expressing van der Waals (vdW) potential between particle and wavy surface as a function of curvatures, the mechanism is clarified based on the puddle of potential in a relative wave-frame coordinate. Two prerequisite conditions are proposed: the initial position of particle should locate in the potential puddle, and the initial kinetic energy cannot drive particle to jump out of the potential puddle. The parametric analysis indicates that the speed-locking region will be affected by wavelength, amplitude and pair potential between particle and wave. With smaller wavelength, larger amplitude and stronger vdW potential, the speed-locking region is larger. This work reveals a new kind of coherent movement for particles on layered material based on the puddle potential theory, which can be an explanation for fast diffusion phenomena at nano scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajegowda R, Anandakrishnan A, Sathian SP. Phonon coupling induced thermophoresis of water confined in a carbon nanotube. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6081-6085. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phonons in CNT are found to be suppressed by the presence of water, giving new insight into thermophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rajegowda
- Department of Applied Mechanics
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | | | - Sarith P. Sathian
- Department of Applied Mechanics
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ansari A, Schultheis K, Patel R, Al‐Qadi KI, Chen S, Jensen CR, Schad SR, Weddell JC, Vanka SP, Imoukhuede PI. Cell isolation via spiral microfluidics and the secondary anchor targeted cell release system. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansari
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kinsey Schultheis
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Reema Patel
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kareem I. Al‐Qadi
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Si Chen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Cassandra R. Jensen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Samantha R. Schad
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Jared C. Weddell
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Surya P. Vanka
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - P. I. Imoukhuede
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rajegowda R, Sathian SP. Analysing thermophoretic transport of water for designing nanoscale-pumps. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30321-30330. [PMID: 30484787 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new design for thermally induced water pumping through carbon nanotubes by imposing a thermal gradient along the length of a carbon nanotube (CNT), which connects two water-filled reservoirs. We analyse the flow parameters by varying the imposed thermal gradient (4.62 to 20.98 K nm-1), the radius (0.81 to 1.89 nm) and the length (5 to 50 nm) of the CNT. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we compute the volumetric flow rate of the pump, velocity profiles of flow and thermophoretic forces acting on water molecules for various thermal gradients. The directed motion of water molecules is induced by the spatial variations of CNT-water energy interactions at the interface and the variations in the oscillation of the carbon atoms from hot to cold ends. The net flow and average velocity of water molecules are found to increase linearly with the applied thermal gradient, as well as with an increase in the radius and length of the CNT. We observe that nano-pumps with an increase in the radius and length of the CNT connecting the reservoirs perform better and also achieved higher efficiency levels. The analysis of the results indicates that the present design leads to a realistic system capable of providing continuous transportation of water leading to interesting practical applications in nanoscale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rajegowda
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rajegowda R, Kannam SK, Hartkamp R, Sathian SP. Thermophoretically driven water droplets on graphene and boron nitride surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:215401. [PMID: 29498625 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab3a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate thermally driven water droplet transport on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. The two surfaces considered here have different wettabilities with a significant difference in the mode of droplet transport. The water droplet travels along a straighter path on the h-BN sheet than on graphene. The h-BN surface produced a higher driving force on the droplet than the graphene surface. The water droplet is found to move faster on h-BN surface compared to graphene surface. The instantaneous contact angle was monitored as a measure of droplet deformation during thermal transport. The characteristics of the droplet motion on both surfaces is determined through the moment scaling spectrum. The water droplet on h-BN surface showed the attributes of the super-diffusive process, whereas it was sub-diffusive on the graphene surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rajegowda
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oyarzua E, Walther JH, Megaridis CM, Koumoutsakos P, Zambrano HA. Carbon Nanotubes as Thermally Induced Water Pumps. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9997-10002. [PMID: 28953353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal Brownian motors (TBMs) are nanoscale machines that exploit thermal fluctuations to provide useful work. We introduce a TBM-based nanopump which enables continuous water flow through a carbon nanotube (CNT) by imposing an axial thermal gradient along its surface. We impose spatial asymmetry along the CNT by immobilizing certain points on its surface. We study the performance of this molecular motor using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. From the MD trajectories, we compute the net water flow and the induced velocity profiles for various imposed thermal gradients. We find that spatial asymmetry modifies the vibrational modes of the CNT induced by the thermal gradient, resulting in a net water flow against the thermal gradient. Moreover, the kinetic energy associated with the thermal oscillations rectifies the Brownian motion of the water molecules, driving the flow in a preferred direction. For imposed thermal gradients of 0.5-3.3 K/nm, we observe continuous net flow with average velocities up to 5 m/s inside CNTs with diameters of 0.94, 1.4, and 2.0 nm. The results indicate that the CNT-based asymmetric thermal motor can provide a controllable and robust system for delivery of continuous water flow with potential applications in integrated nanofluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elton Oyarzua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Concepcion , Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Jens Honore Walther
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Petros Koumoutsakos
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harvey A Zambrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Concepcion , Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rajegowda R, Kannam SK, Hartkamp R, Sathian SP. Thermophoretic transport of ionic liquid droplets in carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:155401. [PMID: 28230533 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal-gradient induced transport of ionic liquid (IL) and water droplets through a carbon nanotube (CNT) is investigated in this study using molecular dynamics simulations. Energetic analysis indicates that IL transport through a CNT is driven primarily by the fluid-solid interaction, while fluid-fluid interactions dominate in water-CNT systems. Droplet diffusion analysis via the moment scaling spectrum reveals sub-diffusive motion of the IL droplet, in contrast to the self-diffusive motion of the water droplet. The Soret coefficient and energetic analysis of the systems suggest that the CNT shows more affinity for interaction with IL than with the water droplet. Thermophoretic transport of IL is shown to be feasible, which can create new opportunities in nanofluidic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rajegowda
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin X, Si T, Wu Z, He Q. Self-thermophoretic motion of controlled assembled micro-/nanomotors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23606-23613. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlled assembled micro-/nanomotors are driven in fluid by near infrared light. The behaviour and mechanism of self-thermophoretic motion are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Tieyan Si
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qiao R, Wang Q, Liu Y. Abnormal transport properties of Argon confined in carbon nanotube driven by a temperature gradient. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|